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Actin, Smooth Muscle Monoclonal Antibody (1A4)
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Product Details
Z2066MP
Applications
Tested Dilution
Publications
Product Specifications
Species Reactivity
Human
Host/Isotype
Mouse
/ IgG2a, kappa
Class
Monoclonal
Type
Antibody
Clone
1A4
Immunogen
N-Terminal decapeptide of alpha smooth muscle isoform of actin; acetylated at the N-terminus
Conjugate
Form
Liquid
Purification
Protein A
Storage buffer
tris with BSA, NP-40
Contains
<0.1% sodium azide
Storage conditions
4°C
Shipping conditions
Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)
Product Specific Information
This product is diluted and in a ready-to-use formulation.
A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Uterus, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.
The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.
1A4 stains smooth muscle cells in vessel walls, gut wall, and myometrium. Myoepithelial cells in breast and salivary gland are also stained. This antibody reacts with tumors arising from smooth muscles and myoepithelial cells. Use Actin and/or Tubulin for monitoring total protein load on Western blots.
Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.
Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.
Target Information
Smooth Muscle Actin belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actin being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. In particular, smooth muscle actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Actin exists as a ubiquitous protein involved with filament formation that make up large portions of the cytoskeleton. Actin filaments interact with myosin to assist in muscle contraction as well as aiding in cell motility and cytokinesis. Smooth muscle actin is found on smooth muscle vessel walls, gut wall, myometrium, myoepithelial cells in breast and salivary glands. Defects in the smooth muscle actin gene cause aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 6. Actin isoforms differ slightly in their N-terminus and the sequences of each are perfectly conserved in higher vertebrates. Alpha-smooth muscle actin is abundant in vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. In addition, it has also been shown that smooth muscle actin appear in stress fibers of fibroblastic cells during pathological situations involving contractile phenomena such as wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. Multiple alternatively spliced variants of smooth muscle actin have been identified.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.
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Bioinformatics
Protein Aliases: ACTA2; Actin Alpha 2 Smooth Muscle Aorta; Actin Vascular Smooth Muscle; actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; Actin, aortic smooth muscle; Alpha Cardiac Actin; alpha-actin; Alpha-actin-2; alpha-cardiac actin; Aortic Smooth Muscle; asma; Cell growth-inhibiting gene 46 protein; GIG46; Growth Inhibiting Gene 46; smooth muscle; unnamed protein product
Gene Aliases: ACTA2; ACTSA; ACTVS; GIG46; SMDYS
UniProt ID: (Human) P62736
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 59
muscle contraction
regulation of blood pressure
response to virus
positive regulation of gene expression
vascular smooth muscle contraction
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
juxtaglomerular apparatus development
glomerular mesangial cell development
mesenchyme migration
positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation
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Performance Guarantee
If an Invitrogen™ antibody doesn't perform as described on our website or datasheet,we'll replace the product at no cost to you, or provide you with a credit for a future purchase.*
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