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The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 (PTP22, LYP, PEP, formerly PTPN8) is a genetic variant that confers risk of developing diverse human autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. The minor allele of a missense SNP in PTPN22 encodes a hematopoietic-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase also known as ""Lyp."" The risk allele is present in about 17% of Caucasian individuals from the general population and in approximately 28% of Caucasian individuals with rheumatoid arthritis; it is thought to disrupt the P1 proline-rich motif that is important for interaction with the Src homology-3 (SH3) domain of CSK (cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase), potentially altering the normal functions of these proteins as negative regulators of T cell activation. The interaction between CSK and PTPN22 is highly specific and it is speculated that PTPN22 may be an effector and/or regulator of CSK in T cells and other hematopoietic cells.
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Protein Aliases: Hematopoietic cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase 70Z-PEP; Lymphoid phosphatase; lymphoid-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase; LYP; LYP1; LYP2; PEP; PEST-domain phosphatase; protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (lymphoid); protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 8; PTPN22.5; PTPN22.6; PTPN8; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22
Gene Aliases: LYP; LYP1; LYP2; PEP; PTPN22; PTPN8
UniProt ID: (Human) Q9Y2R2
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 26191
Molecular Function:
hydrolase
phosphatase
protein phosphatase
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