Invitrogen

beta Actin Polyclonal Antibody

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beta Actin Antibody in Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF) — Immunofluorescence analysis of beta Actin was performed using 70% confluent log phase HeLa cells. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton™ X-100 for 10 minutes, and blocked with 1% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature. The cells were labeled with beta Actin Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA1-16889) at 5 µg/mL in 0.1% BSA and incubated overnight at 4 degree and then labeled with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Superclonal™ Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate (Product # A27034) at a dilution of 1:2000 for 45 minutes at room temperature (Panel a: green). Nuclei (Panel b: blue) were stained with SlowFade® Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (Product # S36938). F-actin (Panel c: red) was stained with Rhodamine Phalloidin (Product # R415, 1:300). Panel d represents the merged image showing cytoskeletal localization. Panel e represents control cells with no primary antibody to assess background. The images were captured at 60X magnification.

beta Actin Antibody in Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P)) — Immunohistochemical analysis of beta Actin in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded section of human lung carcinoma. Samples were incubated in beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) using a dilution of 1:1,000. Detection: DAB.

beta Actin Antibody in Western Blot (WB) — Western blot analysis was performed on whole cell extracts (30 µg lysate) of A-431 (Lane 1), A549 (Lane 2), COS-7 (Lane 3), MDCK (Lane 4), NIH/3T3 (Lane 5), HT-29 (Lane 6), PC-12 (Lane 7), Neuro-2a (Lane 8), tissue extracts of Mouse Brain (Lane 9) and Mouse Heart (Lane 10). The blot was probed with beta Actin Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA1-16889, 1:5000 dilution) and detected by chemiluminescence using Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Superclonal™ Secondary Antibody, HRP conjugate (Product # A27036, 0.25 µg/mL, 1:4000 dilution). A 42 kDa band corresponding to beta Actin was observed across the cell lines and tissues tested.

Product Details

PA1-16889

Applications	Tested Dilution	Publications
Western Blot (WB)	1:2,000-1:10,000	View 28 publications 28 publications
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))	1:2000-1:10000	-
Immunocytochemistry (ICC/IF)	5 µg/mL	-
Immunoprecipitation (IP)	Assay-Dependent	-
Dot blot (DB)	-	View 1 publication 1 publication

Product Specifications
Species Reactivity	Dog, Human, Mouse, Non-human primate
Published species	Bison, Human, Mouse, Rat
Host/Isotype	Rabbit / IgG
Class	Polyclonal
Type	Antibody
Immunogen	N-terminus of human beta actin using the numbering given in Swiss-prot entry P60709 and is highly conserved with gamma actin View immunogen
Conjugate	Unconjugated
Form	Liquid
Concentration	1 mg/mL
Purification	Antigen affinity chromatography
Storage buffer	PBS, pH 7-8
Contains	0.05% sodium azide
Storage conditions	Store at 4°C short term. For long term storage, store at -20°C, avoiding freeze/thaw cycles.
RRID	AB_568434

Product Specific Information

Suggested positive control: Hela whole cell extract.

Target Information

Beta actin is one of six actin isoforms which have been identified. Beta actin is a non-muscle cytoskeletal protein in all human cell types and is involved in cell motility, structure, and integrity. There are six different actin isoforms in human. The beta isoform of actin, along with gamma actin, coexist in most cell types as components of the cyto-skeleton. Beta actins are cytoplasmic proteins ubuquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of two stranded helix. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Because beta actin is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells, it is frequently used as a loading control for assays involving protein detection, such as Western blotting. Antibodies to beta-actin provide a specific and useful tool in studying the intracellular distribution of beta-actin and the static and dynamic aspects of the cytoskeleton.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.

Product References

Regulation of rod photoreceptor function by farnesylated G-protein γ-subunits.

PloS one

Kolesnikov AV,Lobysheva E,Gnana-Prakasam JP,Kefalov VJ,Kisselev OG

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to conclude that, while farnesylated Gγ subunits are functionally active and largely interchangeable in supporting rod phototransduction, replacement of retina-specific Gγ isoforms by the ubiquitous Gγ11 affects the ability of rods to adapt to background light.

Wed Aug 10 00:00:00 EDT 2022

EML1 is essential for retinal photoreceptor migration and survival.

Scientific reports

Poria D,Sun C,Santeford A,Kielar M,Apte RS,Kisselev OG,Chen S,Kefalov VJ

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Mon Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2022

Optimization of small extracellular vesicle isolation from expressed prostatic secretions in urine for in-depth proteomic analysis.

Journal of extracellular vesicles

Correll VL,Otto JJ,Risi CM,Main BP,Boutros PC,Kislinger T,Galkin VE,Nyalwidhe JO,Semmes OJ,Yang L

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to provide a promising strategy for global proteomic analyses of urinary EVs.

Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2022

Spatiotemporal analysis of soluble aggregates and autophagy markers in the R6/2 mouse model.

Scientific reports

Kumar MJV,Shah D,Giridharan M,Yadav N,Manjithaya R,Clement JP

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to show that basal autophagy is not altered in R6/2 mice, whilst being functional at a steady-state level in neurons.

Fri Jan 08 00:00:00 EST 2021

Spatiotemporal analysis of soluble aggregates and autophagy markers in the R6/2 mouse model.

Scientific reports

Kumar MJV,Shah D,Giridharan M,Yadav N,Manjithaya R,Clement JP

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to show that basal autophagy is not altered in R6/2 mice, whilst being functional at a steady-state level in neurons.

Fri Jan 08 00:00:00 EST 2021

Radiation-induced DNA damage and repair effects on 3D genome organization.

Nature communications

Sanders JT,Freeman TF,Xu Y,Golloshi R,Stallard MA,Hill AM,San Martin R,Balajee AS,McCord RP

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to investigate the impact of DNA damage response and repair on genome folding in wild type and ATM patient cells.

Wed Dec 02 00:00:00 EST 2020

An acidic polysaccharide (AGC3) isolated from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) suspension culture as a potential immunomodulatory nutraceutical.

Current research in food science

Ghosh R,Bryant DL,Arivett BA,Smith SA,Altman E,Kline PC,Farone AL

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to suggest that AGC3, an acidic polysaccharide fraction isolated from Panax quinquefolius suspension culture, has the potential to be used as an immunostimulatory nutraceutical.

Sun Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020

An acidic polysaccharide (AGC3) isolated from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) suspension culture as a potential immunomodulatory nutraceutical.

Current research in food science

Ghosh R,Bryant DL,Arivett BA,Smith SA,Altman E,Kline PC,Farone AL

Sun Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020

ECRG4 Represses Cell Proliferation and Invasiveness via NFIC/OGN/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer.

Frontiers in genetics

Liang X,Gao J,Wang Q,Hou S,Wu C

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to provide evidence that both ECRG4 and OGN function as tumor repressors and that overexpression of ECRG4 inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway by promoting NFIC/OGN signaling in BCa cells.

Mon Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide promotes neovascularization and neurological recovery in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

BMC neuroscience

Tu E,Chen Q,Tan L,Wang Y

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Fri May 29 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide promotes neovascularization and neurological recovery in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

BMC neuroscience

Tu E,Chen Q,Tan L,Wang Y

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Fri May 29 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Nedd4 ubiquitylates VDAC2/3 to suppress erastin-induced ferroptosis in melanoma.

Nature communications

Yang Y,Luo M,Zhang K,Zhang J,Gao T,Connell DO,Yao F,Mu C,Cai B,Shang Y,Chen W

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Thu Jan 23 00:00:00 EST 2020

Cells

Mytych J,Sołek P,Będzińska A,Rusinek K,Warzybok A,Tabęcka-Łonczyńska A,Koziorowski M

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to provide evidence of klotho involvement in the crosstalk on the line ER-Golgi, which may, in turn, affect activation of SASP.

Tue Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2020

Cells

Mytych J,Sołek P,Będzińska A,Rusinek K,Warzybok A,Tabęcka-Łonczyńska A,Koziorowski M

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to provide evidence of klotho involvement in the crosstalk on the line ER-Golgi, which may, in turn, affect activation of SASP.

Tue Jan 21 00:00:00 EST 2020

Neuronal life or death linked to depression treatment: the interplay between drugs and their stress-related outcomes relate to single or combined drug therapies.

Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death

Solek P,Koszla O,Mytych J,Badura J,Chelminiak Z,Cuprys M,Fraczek J,Tabecka-Lonczynska A,Koziorowski M

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Tue Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Role of TGF-β1/miR-382-5p/SOD2 axis in the induction of oxidative stress in CD34+ cells from primary myelofibrosis.

Molecular oncology

Rossi C,Zini R,Rontauroli S,Ruberti S,Prudente Z,Barbieri G,Bianchi E,Salati S,Genovese E,Bartalucci N,Guglielmelli P,Tagliafico E,Rosti V,Barosi G,Vannucchi AM,Manfredini R

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2018

Immune stimuli shape the small non-coding transcriptome of extracellular vesicles released by dendritic cells.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

Driedonks TAP,van der Grein SG,Ariyurek Y,Buermans HPJ,Jekel H,Chow FWN,Wauben MHM,Buck AH,'t Hoen PAC,Nolte-'t Hoen ENM

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to investigate whether immune-activating or -suppressing stimuli imposed on primary dendritic cells affected the release of various small non-coding RNAs via extracellular vesicles.

Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018

C-reactive protein expression in adipose tissue of children with acute appendicitis.

Pediatric research

de Dios O,Gavela-Pérez T,Aguado-Roncero P,Pérez-Tejerizo G,Ricote M,González N,Garcés C,Soriano-Guillén L

PA1-16889 was used in Western Blotting to gain insights into the role of visceral adipose tissue as a source of C-reactive protein (CRP) in acute inflammation and to explore the potential relationship of CRP expression with the severity of appendicitis.

Mon Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Melatonin receptors subtypes (MT1 and MT2) in the uterus masculinus of mature male european bison. Biological and seasonal reproductive role.

Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society

Tabecka-Lonczynska A,Mytych J,Solek P,Kulpa-Greszta M,Koziorowski M

PA1-16889 was used in Dot blot to evaluate the expression of mRNA and protein synthesis for both melatonin receptors in the tissues of uterus masculinus in November and December in European bison.

Thu Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2018

EBI2 receptor regulates myelin development and inhibits LPC-induced demyelination.

Journal of neuroinflammation

Rutkowska A,Sailer AW,Dev KK

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Sat Dec 16 00:00:00 EST 2017

Long-term culture with lipopolysaccharide induces dose-dependent cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in THP-1 monocytes.

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA

Mytych J,Romerowicz-Misielak M,Koziorowski M

PA116889 was used in western blot to report the effects of long-term lipopolysaccharide exposure on monocytes

Tue Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Deregulated expression of miR-29a-3p, miR-494-3p and miR-660-5p affects sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in CML leukemic stem cells.

Oncotarget

Salati S,Salvestrini V,Carretta C,Genovese E,Rontauroli S,Zini R,Rossi C,Ruberti S,Bianchi E,Barbieri G,Curti A,Castagnetti F,Gugliotta G,Rosti G,Bergamaschi M,Tafuri A,Tagliafico E,Lemoli R,Manfredini R

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Tue Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2017

MyD88/CD40 Genetic Adjuvant Function in Cutaneous Atypical Antigen-Presenting Cells Contributes to DNA Vaccine Immunogenicity.

PloS one

Collinson-Pautz MR,Slawin KM,Levitt JM,Spencer DM

PA116889 was used in western blot to assess the effects of a genetically encoded chimeric MyD88/CD40 adjuvant

Wed May 31 00:00:00 EDT 2017

miR-494-3p overexpression promotes megakaryocytopoiesis in primary myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells by targeting SOCS6.

Oncotarget

Rontauroli S,Norfo R,Pennucci V,Zini R,Ruberti S,Bianchi E,Salati S,Prudente Z,Rossi C,Rosti V,Guglielmelli P,Barosi G,Vannucchi A,Tagliafico E,Manfredini R

Published figure using beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Product # PA1-16889) in Western Blot

Tue Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Protective role of klotho protein on epithelial cells upon co-culture with activated or senescent monocytes.

Experimental cell research

Mytych J,Wos I,Solek P,Koziorowski M

PA116889 was used in western blot to show that ROS-induced DNA damage reduces metabolic activity, inhibits proliferation, and induces cell cycle arrest followed by activation of p16-, p21-, and p27- mediated DNA damage response pathways, premature senescence, and apoptosis induction

Sun Jan 15 00:00:00 EST 2017

Role of miR-34a-5p in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Proliferation and Fate Decision: Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Primary Myelofibrosis.

International journal of molecular sciences

Bianchi E,Ruberti S,Rontauroli S,Guglielmelli P,Salati S,Rossi C,Zini R,Tagliafico E,Vannucchi AM,Manfredini R

PA1-16889 was used in western blot to describe the effects of miR-34a-5p overexpression in hematopoietic progenitor cells

Fri Jan 13 00:00:00 EST 2017

miR-382-5p Controls Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Through the Downregulation of MXD1.

Stem cells and development

Zini R,Rossi C,Norfo R,Pennucci V,Barbieri G,Ruberti S,Rontauroli S,Salati S,Bianchi E,Manfredini R

PA116889 was used in western blot to explore the role of miR-382-5p in normal hematopoiesis

Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Identification of the epigenetic reader CBX2 as a potential drug target in advanced prostate cancer.

Clinical epigenetics

Clermont PL,Crea F,Chiang YT,Lin D,Zhang A,Wang JZ,Parolia A,Wu R,Xue H,Wang Y,Ding J,Thu KL,Lam WL,Shah SP,Collins CC,Wang Y,Helgason CD

PA1-16889 was used in western blot to determine a potential drug target in advanced prostate cancer by identifying the epigenetic reader CBX2

Fri Apr 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Dose-dependent autophagic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human HaCaT cells at non-cytotoxic levels.

Journal of nanobiotechnology

Lopes VR,Loitto V,Audinot JN,Bayat N,Gutleb AC,Cristobal S

PA1-16889 was used in western blot to characterize the effect of dose-dependent autophagy and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human HaCaT cells at non-cytotoxic levels

Tue Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016

MYB controls erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage fate decision through the miR-486-3p-mediated downregulation of MAF.

Cell death and differentiation

Bianchi E,Bulgarelli J,Ruberti S,Rontauroli S,Sacchi G,Norfo R,Pennucci V,Zini R,Salati S,Prudente Z,Ferrari S,Manfredini R

PA1-16889 was used in western blot to demonstrate that MYB affects lineage fate decision through the transactivation of miR-486-3p expression and MAF downregulation.

Tue Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2015

Evaluation of PAX5 gene in the early stages of leukemic B cells in the childhood B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Leukemia research

Firtina S,Sayitoglu M,Hatirnaz O,Erbilgin Y,Oztunc C,Cinar S,Yildiz I,Celkan T,Anak S,Unuvar A,Devecioglu O,Timur C,Aydogan G,Akcay A,Atay D,Turkkan E,Karaman S,Orhaner B,Sarper N,Deniz G,Ozbek U

PA1-16889 was used in western blot to study the expression of the PAX5 gene and the presence of transactivation domain mutations in B cells of childhood B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2012

DGAT enzymes are required for triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplets in adipocytes.

Journal of lipid research

Harris CA,Haas JT,Streeper RS,Stone SJ,Kumari M,Yang K,Han X,Brownell N,Gross RW,Zechner R,Farese RV

PA1-16889 was used in western blot to study the role of DGAT enzymes in triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplets in adipocytes

Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011

The lysine demethylase LSD1 (KDM1) is required for maintenance of global DNA methylation.

Nature genetics

Wang J,Hevi S,Kurash JK,Lei H,Gay F,Bajko J,Su H,Sun W,Chang H,Xu G,Gaudet F,Li E,Chen T

PA1-16889 was used in western blot to investigate the role of KDM1 in the regulation of DNA methylation

Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2009

Bioinformatics

Protein Aliases: actin, beta; Actin, cytoplasmic 1; Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed; Atcb; beta cytoskeletal actin; Beta-actin; Cap Z; capZ beta; cytoskeleton actin; gamma actin; PS1TP5-binding protein 1

Gene Aliases: ACTB; Actx; beta-actin; BRWS1; E430023M04Rik; PS1TP5BP1

UniProt ID: (Human) P60709, (Dog) O18840, (Mouse) P60710

Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 60, (Dog) 403580, (Mouse) 11461

Molecular Function: actin and actin related protein actin or actin-binding cytoskeletal protein cytoskeletal protein