{"id":12925,"date":"2019-11-28T17:51:29","date_gmt":"2019-11-28T23:51:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/?p=12925"},"modified":"2025-11-14T03:33:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T09:33:44","slug":"ed-analysis-with-sem-how-does-it-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/materials\/ed-analysis-with-sem-how-does-it-work\/","title":{"rendered":"EDS Analysis with SEM: How Does it Work?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ter.li\/w1vn6t\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"779\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-2.png\" alt=\"Banner image promoting Thermo Fisher Scientific materials science and electron microscopy updates.\" class=\"wp-image-13483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-2.png 779w, https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-2-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-2-768x132.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 779px) 100vw, 779px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From searching for food contaminants to identifying machine malfunctions to predicting how an aircraft part will corrode over time, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/materials-science\/elemental-analysis.html\">energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy<\/a> (EDS or EDX) analysis is widely employed by today\u2019s materials scientists. When combined with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/electron-microscopy\/products\/scanning-electron-microscopes.html\">scanning electron microscope<\/a> (SEM), an EDS detector can generate more information about a sample than an SEM can alone.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 100%\"><strong>How does EDS analysis work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Using EDS, researchers can quickly generate information about the chemical composition of a sample, including what elements are present as well as their distribution and concentration. But how exactly does EDS work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With an SEM, a variety of signals offer up different information about a given sample. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/materials\/backscattered-electrons-in-sem-imaging\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">backscattered electrons<\/a> produce images with contrast that carry information about the differences in the atomic number, while secondary electrons produce topographic information about the sample. Yet when SEM is joined with an EDS detector, X-rays can also be used as a signal to collect chemical information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand how these X-rays are generated, it\u2019s important to consider that every atom has a unique number of electrons that reside in specific energy levels. Under normal conditions, these positions belong to certain shells, which have different, discrete energies.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-x-rays-generated-by-electron-beam-interaction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size: 100%\"><strong>X-rays generated by electron beam interaction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>The way EDS analysis works is that the electron beam hits the inner shell of an atom, knocking off an electron from the shell while leaving a positively charged electron hole. When the electron is displaced, it attracts another electron from an outer shell to fill the vacancy. As the electron moves from the outer higher-energy shell to the inner lower-energy shell of the atom, this energy difference can be released in the form of an X-ray. The energy of this X-ray is unique to the specific element and transition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2022\/04\/x-ray-generation-process.png\" alt=\"Diagram illustrating the generation of characteristic X-rays. A primary electron beam strikes an atom, ejecting an inner-shell electron from the K shell. An electron from the L shell fills the vacancy, releasing energy as characteristic X-rays.\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>X-rays are generated using EDS following a two-step process. First, the energy transferred to the atomic electron knocks it off, leaving behind a hole. Second, its position is filled by another electron from a higher-energy shell, and the characteristic X-ray is released.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The X-rays emitted during the process are collected by a silicon drift detector, which measures the signal and interprets it using software. In essence, the chemical information can be <a href=\"https:\/\/ter.li\/7nxg47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">visualized in several ways<\/a> including elemental mapping and line scans. In this way, X-rays can be used to identify each element that exists in a sample.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-utility-of-edx-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size: 100%\"><strong>Utility of EDS analysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Interestingly, EDS can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, enabling users to identify both the type of elements that are present as well as the percentage of each element\u2019s concentration within the sample. And as with traditional SEM, the technique requires little to no sample preparation and is non-destructive, meaning that it doesn\u2019t damage the sample.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because of its many advantages, EDS analysis has become common practice across industries ranging from manufacturing or research to energy and resource management to consumer-packaged goods. In fact, it\u2019s so practical that it\u2019s now an essential part of owning an SEM. Using an SEM to perform EDS analyses, researchers can improve production quality while saving valuable time\u2014all using a very simple experiment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To learn more about energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/global\/forms\/industrial\/materials-science-form.html\">connect with one of our experts.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Antonis Nanakoudis is an application and product development specialist for the Phenom Desktop SEM family of products at Thermo Fisher Scientific.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ter.li\/w1vn6t\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"779\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-1.png\" alt=\"Banner image promoting Thermo Fisher Scientific materials science and electron microscopy updates\" class=\"wp-image-13482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-1.png 779w, https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-1-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/materials\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/11\/Join-the-conversation-banner-in-blogs-social-graphic-1143250-779x134-1-768x132.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 779px) 100vw, 779px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From searching for food contaminants to identifying machine malfunctions to predicting how an aircraft part will corrode over time, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) analysis is widely employed by today\u2019s materials scientists. When combined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an EDS detector can generate more information about a sample than an SEM can<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1120,"featured_media":12927,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[984,1052],"tags":[997],"division":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12925","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-electron-microscopy-101","8":"category-general","9":"tag-microscopy2022","10":"entry"},"_selected_authors":[],"_selected_reviewers":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - 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