{"id":11755,"date":"2020-01-28T13:00:21","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T13:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/mining\/?p=11755"},"modified":"2020-01-29T12:52:08","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T12:52:08","slug":"where-are-rare-earth-elements-found","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/mining\/where-are-rare-earth-elements-found\/","title":{"rendered":"Where are Rare Earth Elements Found?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"WhereSeveral years ago, we answered the question <\/span>What’s So Rare About Rare Earth Elements?<\/span><\/a> As we noted, although originally thought to be rare, many of the Rare Earth Element (REE) minerals are actually common in the Earth’s crust.  However, these elements rarely exist in pure form; they are usually found within other minerals, making them difficult to extract from the ore and costly to mine.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to the <\/span>USGS Rare Earths Report<\/span><\/a>, the principal economic sources of rare earths are the minerals bastnasite, monazite, and loparite and the lateritic ion-adsorption clays. The elements range in crustal abundance from cerium, the 25th most abundant element of the 78 common elements in the Earth’s crust at 60 parts per million, to thulium and lutetium, the least abundant rare-earth elements at about 0.5 part per million. <\/span><\/p>\n

When it comes to world resources, the USGS reported that “Resources are primarily in four geologic environments: carbonatites, alkaline igneous systems, ion-adsorption clay deposits, and monazite-xenotime-bearing placer deposits. Carbonatites and placer deposits are the leading sources of production of light rare-earth elements. Ion-adsorption clays are the leading source of production of heavy rare-earth elements.”<\/span><\/p>\n

In the past, these rare earth elements were not considered to be mining-worthy, but because they are used in the ever-growing supply of technological devices, those thoughts have changed. REEs are commonly used in consumer electronics such as televisions, tablet computers, cameras, and mobile phones, as well as automobile catalytic converters and rechargeable batteries due to their unique optical and magnetic properties. They are also known as the “Green Elements” because they are essential to many green energy technologies. With the growing popularity of hybrid cars and other green products, rare earth elements are becoming more and more important to manufacturing. (Take a look at this infographic for a quick peek at the many <\/span><\/span>ways rare earth elements are used<\/span><\/a>.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Geochemical exploration is the main method of REE mining. <\/span>Mineral & Rare Earth Elements Analyzers<\/span><\/a> utilizing <\/span>XRF technology<\/span><\/a> are very useful tools to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate REE projects in real time in the ­field. <\/span>Portable XRF instruments<\/span><\/a> can provide real-time, on-site assays of REEs and other elements in any type of geological samples, including elements associated with REE-bearing minerals. By using the concentrations from these elements, it is possible to infer concentrations of heavy REEs (HREEs) that are commonly associated with host minerals.<\/span><\/p>\n

Researchers continue to develop new technologies to recover rare earth elements (REEs). <\/span>X-ray fluorescence technology<\/span><\/a> is also an important tool in the rare earth element recycling<\/em> industry because <\/span>handheld XRF analyzers<\/span> can help detect lead, mercury, and cadmium in electronics such as printed circuit board (PCB) finishes, leads, terminations, solder and internal\/external interconnects, keeping these toxic metals out of the recycling stream and future products. <\/span>XRF analyzers <\/span><\/a>are also used to positively identify the chemical composition of numerous metal alloys. <\/span><\/p>\n

Several new REE recycling technologies have been developed, including ones that involve using a nanofiltration system to extract and separate rare earth metals from phosphoric acid and waste, and using a combination of hollow fiber membranes, organic solvents, and neutral extractants to selectively recover rare earth elements.  <\/span>You can read about them in our sister blog, Analyzing Metals: <\/em><\/span>Potential New Rare Earth Elements Supply from Phosphoric Acid<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

For additional information about mining technology, including mining for rare earth elements, visit the <\/span>Minerals Mining and Processing<\/span><\/a> section of our website. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Several years ago, we answered the question What’s So Rare About Rare Earth Elements? As we noted, although originally thought to be rare, many of the Rare Earth Element (REE) minerals are actually common in the Earth’s crust.  However, these elements rarely exist in pure form; they are usually found within other minerals, making them difficult to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1037,"featured_media":11795,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"division":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11755","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-rare-earth-elements","8":"entry"},"_selected_authors":"","_selected_reviewers":"","acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhere are Rare Earth Elements Found?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Geochemical exploration is the main method of REE mining. 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Some have been around for quite awhile, but are still as relevant as ever. If you missed any of the latest articles, just click\u00a0here\u00a0to see the most recently published articles. You can even filter by\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "General\/Industry"","block_context":{"text":"General\/Industry","link":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/general-industry-mining\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Top 10, words, isolated on a dark blue background. Alphabet on stone blocks.Rating. Rating concept. 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Download Periodic Table.\u00a0 \u00a0","rel":"","context":"In "Elemental\/Geochemical Analysis"","block_context":{"text":"Elemental\/Geochemical Analysis","link":"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/elemental-geochemical-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"halloween scene with plastic pumpkin and candy","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/10\/No-Tricks-.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/10\/No-Tricks-.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/10\/No-Tricks-.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/10\/No-Tricks-.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/10\/No-Tricks-.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":13488,"url":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/mining\/the-role-of-edxrf-spectrometers-in-the-extraction-of-copper-from-ore\/","url_meta":{"origin":11755,"position":2},"title":"The Role of EDXRF Spectrometers in the Extraction of Copper from Ore","author":"Marlene Gasdia-Cochrane","date":"November 4, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Copper extraction is a complex process requiring precise control to ensure high purity. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometers play a vital role by providing fast, non-destructive elemental analysis of ores, concentrates, and intermediate products. 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