{"id":2807,"date":"2014-07-10T08:00:59","date_gmt":"2014-07-10T12:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/?p=2807"},"modified":"2026-01-06T15:34:05","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T15:34:05","slug":"mining-and-the-environment-what-happens-when-a-mine-closes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/mining\/mining-and-the-environment-what-happens-when-a-mine-closes\/","title":{"rendered":"Mining and the Environment: What Happens When A Mine Closes?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"float: right;margin: 10px\" title=\"closing mine\" src=\"http:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/494623689.jpg\" alt=\"closing mine\" width=\"315\" height=\"450\" \/>Mining operations, however expansive and complex, are temporary. Eventually, once the most accessible and valuable materials have been extracted, the mine is closed, and the site must be restored back to its original state. This includes covering up mine entrances, replanting grass and trees, and testing surrounding water, soil, and air for contaminants.<\/p>\n<p>Since 1977 when the U.S. Congress enacted the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osmre.gov\/lrg.shtm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act<\/a>, many regulations have been established to ensure mine sites are operated, and any environmental damage is remediated, in a responsible way. The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE), for example, is a bureau within the United States Department of the Interior created to address coal mine remediation.<\/p>\n<p>The OSMRE\u2019s mission statement asserts, \u201cOur primary objectives are to ensure that coal mines are operated in a manner that protects citizens and the environment during mining and assures that the land is restored to beneficial use following mining, and to mitigate the effects of past mining by aggressively pursuing reclamation of abandoned coal mines.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Other U.S. laws governing the mining industry include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), or the Superfund program<\/li>\n<li>The Clean Water Act<\/li>\n<li>The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Similar European Union directives include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Environmental Impact Assessment Directive<\/li>\n<li>The Water Framework Directive<\/li>\n<li>The Waste Framework, Hazardous Waste, and Landfill Directives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Canadian federal directives include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act<\/li>\n<li>The Fisheries Act<\/li>\n<li>The Canadian Environmental Protection Act.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some of the issues addressed by mine site remediation regulations include:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>Water:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Acid mine drainage is one of the primary sources of mining-related pollution. Mining activities increase the volume and rate of exposure of sulfur-containing rocks to air and water, creating sulfuric acid and dissolved iron. This acid run-off dissolves heavy metals such as copper, lead and mercury which leach into ground water aquifers and surface water sources, harming humans and wildlife.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Tailings\u2014mineral waste products\u2014are another major pollutant. \u00a0Because tailings originate in slurry form they are dumped in or near water, contaminating the water and destroying aquatic life. Tailings also can be transported by wind or water to contaminate other areas. Mine wastewater containing metals and chemicals can also leach into nearby waterways. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thermoscientific.com\/en\/products\/colorimetry.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2017July\">Lab and portable technologies for water analysis<\/a> can help determine the extent of the pollution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>Soil:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">In addition to physical landscape damage, mining operations create sediment containing heavy metals which settle into surrounding soil, or are carried by wind or water to contaminate rivers or other land areas. These metals aren\u2019t biodegradable so the soil stays contaminated without corrective action.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Chemical <a href=\"http:\/\/www.niton.com\/en\/environmental-analysis\/applications\/contaminated-soil-testing\/site-remediation?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2017July\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis of soil<\/a> and sediment samples at the mine site is an important step in detecting the presence of environmental contaminates that may remain as a result of mining activities. Both Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) are good solutions for this analysis. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thermoscientific.com\/en\/product\/niton-xl3t-goldd-xrf-analyzer.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2017July\">Handheld XRF instruments<\/a> provide instantaneous analysis in the field and effectively perform double-duty when used to monitor elemental contaminants at mine sites and in waste streams, in addition to being used for exploration and mining applications. These handheld analyzers are equipped with embedded GPS that can record the coordinates of the exact location of the contamination site as well. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thermoscientific.com\/en\/product\/arl-perform-x-sequential-x-ray-fluorescence-spectrometer.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2017July\">Lab-based WDXRF instruments<\/a> perform accurate quantitative analysis of the vast variety of material, matrix types, and concentrations that must be evaluated in soil and sediment analysis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><strong>Air quality:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Particulate matter (PM) in the air surrounding the mine location is another source of pollution. Dust\u00a0results from the movement of soil, vehicles traveling over unpaved surfaces, heavy equipment operation, blasting, and wind, which can erode mine tailings piles to create potentially contaminated <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.thermofisher.com\/TFS-Assets\/CAD\/Application-Notes\/monitoring-fugitive-dust-app-note.pdf\">fugitive dust.<\/a> Dust inhalation, particularly respirable coal dust, is a serious occupational hazard in the mining industry. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thermoscientific.com\/en\/products\/particulate-monitoring.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2017July\">Personal and ambient particulate monitoring equipment<\/a> is used to measure PM to ensure exposure limits are not exceeded.<\/p>\n<p>As it says in the Act, &#8220;Coal mining operations presently contribute significantly to the Nation\u2019s energy requirements&#8230;\u00a0and it is, therefore, essential to the national interest to insure the existence of an expanding and economically healthy underground coal mining industry&#8230;. [The]\u00a0surface and underground coal mining operations affect interstate commerce, contribute to the economic well-being, security, and general welfare of the Nation and should be conducted in an environmentally sound manner&#8230;.[And]\u00a0the cooperative effort established by this Act is necessary to prevent or mitigate adverse environmental effects of present and future surface coal mining operations.&#8221;\u00a0<em>Read the rest of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osmre.gov\/lrg\/docs\/SMCRA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Section 101 of the\u00a0Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977<\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mining operations, however expansive and complex, are temporary. Eventually, once the most accessible and valuable materials have been extracted, the mine is closed, and the site must be restored back to its original state. This includes covering up mine entrances, replanting grass and trees, and testing surrounding water, soil, and air for contaminants. Since 1977<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":2860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,5],"tags":[],"division":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2807","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-coal","8":"category-general-industry-mining","9":"entry"},"_selected_authors":[1199],"_selected_reviewers":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.8 (Yoast SEO v27.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mining and the Environment: What Happens When A Mine Closes?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Use mining lab &amp; 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