
{"id":7687,"date":"2023-05-02T08:00:09","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T08:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/?p=7687"},"modified":"2026-02-02T21:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T21:39:33","slug":"can-you-name-all-17-rare-earth-elements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/mining\/can-you-name-all-17-rare-earth-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"Can You Name All 17 Rare Earth Elements?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-12860\" src=\"http:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/03\/iStock-1460879566_rareearthsmine.jpg\" alt=\"Deep excavation hole of an open pit mine for rare earth elements\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/03\/iStock-1460879566_rareearthsmine.jpg 724w, https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/03\/iStock-1460879566_rareearthsmine-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/mining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2016\/03\/iStock-1460879566_rareearthsmine-96x65.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>Rare Earth Elements (REEs) seem to always be in the news.\u00a0 The uncertainty surrounding metals demand, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/cement-coal-minerals\/mining-minerals.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2023May\">mining<\/a> market, and China\u2019s economy all affect the value of rare earth elements.\u00a0 What isn\u2019t uncertain though is that the demand for them will continue to increase.\u00a0 REEs have diverse applications that touch many aspects of modern life.\u00a0 With the rapid rise in demand for electronics in the automotive, military, clean energy, and medical industries \u2013 and the continuous innovation involved in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/internet-things-iot\">the internet of things<\/a>\u201d &#8212; rare earths will have to continue to be mined as the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/periodicals\/mcs2023\/mcs2023-rare-earths.pdf\">USGS<\/a> reminds us that only limited quantities of rare earths are recovered from batteries, permanent magnets, and fluorescent lamps.<\/p>\n<p>But do you even know what rare earth elements are?<\/p>\n<p>According to the <a href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/rare_earths\/\">USGS<\/a>, \u201cThe rare earths are a relatively abundant group of 17 elements composed of scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides. (Try naming all 17 before looking at the chart below.) The elements range in crustal abundance from cerium, the 25th most abundant element of the 78 common elements in the Earth&#8217;s crust at 60 parts per million, to thulium and lutetium, the least abundant rare-earth elements at about 0.5 part per million. The elemental forms of rare earths are iron gray to silvery lustrous metals that are typically soft, malleable, and ductile and usually reactive, especially at elevated temperatures or when finely divided.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And they are really not rare.\u00a0 They are just rarely mined because finding concentrations that are economically minable is unusual.\u00a0 Do you know all 17 elements? It\u2019s a little tricky since one of them is usually not included because it is rare and unstable* and another does not occur in economic concentrations in the same geological settings**.\u00a0 \u00a0Here they are in order of their atomic number on the periodic table.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto\" src=\"http:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/rareearthelements.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis\/portable-analysis-material-id\/portable-mining-exploration-solutions.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2023May\">Portable x-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analyzers<\/a> are valuable tools to the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/cement-coal-minerals\/mining-minerals.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2023May\"> mining and minerals community<\/a>. Portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technology can be used in a wide range of mineralogical and geological exploration markets, one of which is the mining of Rare Earth Elements (REEs). \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/cement-coal-minerals\/mining-minerals\/technologies.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2023May#x-ray-fluorescence\">XRF Technology\u00a0<\/a>is a non-destructive analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. XRF analyzers work by measuring the fluorescent (or secondary) X-rays emitted from a sample when excited by a primary X-ray source. Each of the elements present in a sample produces a set of characteristic fluorescent X-rays, or \u201cunique fingerprints.\u201d These fingerprints are distinct for each element, making XRF analysis an excellent tool for quantitative and qualitative measurements.<\/p>\n<p>REEs rarely exist in pure form; they are usually concentrated in more than one mineral, and each mineral requires a different costly extraction technology and mineral processing. Geochemical exploration is the main method of REE <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/cement-coal-minerals\/mining-minerals\/solutions.html?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2023May#exploration\">exploration.<\/a> Depending on the REE project type, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/NITONXL5plus?icid=CAD_blog_mining_2023May\">portable XRF analyzers<\/a> are useful instruments that can provide real-time, on-site assays of REEs and other elements in any type of geological samples.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/periodicals\/mcs2023\/mcs2023-rare-earths.pdf\">rare earths minerals summary report<\/a> released by the USGS in January 2023 notes that when it comes to import sources &#8220;Rare-earth compounds and metals: China, 74%; Malaysia, 8%; Estonia and Japan, 5% each; and other, 8%. Compounds and metals imported from Estonia, Japan, and Malaysia were derived from mineral concentrates and chemical intermediates produced in Australia, China, and elsewhere&#8230;. Global mine production was estimated to have increased to 300,000 tons of REO equivalent. China\u2019s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology raised 2022 quotas for rare-earth mining and separation to 210,000 tons and 202,000 tons of REO equivalent, respectively. The mine production quota was allocated to 190,850 tons of light rare earths and 19,150 tons of ion-adsorption clays.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>So how did you do?\u00a0 Could you name all 17 before reading the article?\u00a0 It&#8217;s rare that someone can name them all.<\/p>\n<p><em>Editor&#8217;s Note:\u00a0 The article was originally published on Mar 3, 2016, by Chris Calam but has been refreshed and updated with the latest USGS information.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rare Earth Elements (REEs) seem to always be in the news.\u00a0 The uncertainty surrounding metals demand, the mining market, and China\u2019s economy all affect the value of rare earth elements.\u00a0 What isn\u2019t uncertain though is that the demand for them will continue to increase.\u00a0 REEs have diverse applications that touch many aspects of modern life.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":12860,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,27],"tags":[],"division":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-7687","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-exploration","8":"category-rare-earth-elements","9":"entry"},"_selected_authors":[1288],"_selected_reviewers":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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