{"id":8648,"date":"2016-06-08T11:00:28","date_gmt":"2016-06-08T11:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/proteomics\/?p=8648"},"modified":"2016-06-27T16:18:42","modified_gmt":"2016-06-27T16:18:42","slug":"curcumin-as-a-potential-antimicrobial-agent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/blog\/proteomics\/curcumin-as-a-potential-antimicrobial-agent\/","title":{"rendered":"Curcumin as a Potential Antimicrobial Agent"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"float: left;\" src=\"http:\/\/admin.acceleratingscience.com\/proteomics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/06\/shutterstock_263445515.jpg\" alt=\"Close-up of turmeric powder. Image: Teri Virbickis\/Shutterstock.com\" width=\"330\" height=\"220\" \/>Curcumin\u00a0is a naturally occurring\u00a0phytochemical obtained from the rhizome of <em>Curcuma\u00a0longa<\/em>. Curcumin has\u00a0anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it is anti-genotoxic\u00a0against DNA-damaging agents, it is phototoxic, it can block\u00a0the cell cycle progression in cancer cells, and it prevents angiogenesis. Furthermore, curcumin has\u00a0antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria and has synergetic\u00a0effects with other drugs in combination therapies.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"thread\">Drug<\/span> resistance is an emerging health problem. Therefore, there is a\u00a0growing need to identify and characterize new potential\u00a0drugs from natural and synthetic compounds. In order to identify new antimicrobial agents, Reddy et al.(2016) performed a comprehensive\u00a0quantitative proteomic analysis of the effect of curcumin on\u00a0<em>Bacillus subtilis<\/em>.<sup>1\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The investigators exposed the bacteria to curcumin for 20, 60 and 120 minutes. Curcumin reduced\u00a0<em>B.\u00a0subtilis\u00a0<\/em>growth at all time points and caused\u00a0significant changes to\u00a0cell morphology. Cells displayed a filamentous phenotype with multiple nucleoids per cell and a drastic\u00a0increase in cell length proportionally with the exposure time of the drug. Using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), Reddy et al. identified nearly 2,000 protein spots. They subsequently performed three sets of analysis with the following results:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Analysis<\/td>\n<td>Upregulated proteins<\/td>\n<td>Downregulated proteins<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Control vs 20 mins<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02<\/td>\n<td>\u00a02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Control vs 60 mins<\/td>\n<td>\u00a012<\/td>\n<td>\u00a08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Control vs 120 mins<\/td>\n<td>\u00a011<\/td>\n<td>\u00a010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Among these differentially expressed proteins, ATP\u00a0synthase subunit beta was common between 20 minutes and 60 minutes. DNA-directed RNA polymerase\u00a0alpha chain protein was common between 60 minutes and 120 minutes.<\/p>\n<p>Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis at all three time points of curcumin-treated\u00a0and\u00a0control<em> B.\u00a0subtili<\/em>, Reddy et al. found\u00a0864 proteins in technical triplicates compared to\u00a01,414 proteins using an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/IQLAAEGAAPFADBMARX?ICID=search-product\" target=\"_blank\">LTQ Orbitrap Velos<\/a> mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific). The investigators checked the quality of iTRAQ data using\u00a0S-curve analysis of quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) and Orbitrap mass spectrometer data.\u00a0QTOF analysis indicated differential expression of 20%, 26% and 40% of the total proteome,\u00a0while the Orbitrap mass spectrometer analysis exhibited 6%, 17% and 40% alteration in the\u00a0<em>B.\u00a0subtilis<\/em>\u00a0proteome at 20\u00a0minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes following curcumin treatment, respectively.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"thread\">Furthermore<\/span>,\u00a0comparative quantitative proteomic analysis between QTOF and the Orbitrap mass spectrometers indicated differential\u00a0expression of 15 proteins in 20 <span class=\"thread\">minutes<\/span> (8 upregulated and 7 downregulated),\u00a081 proteins in 60 minutes (69 upregulated and 12 downregulated) and 210 proteins in 120\u00a0minutes (154 upregulated and 56 downregulated). Overall, they found that the coverage of\u00a0QTOF analysis was quite low compared to Orbitrap mass spectrometer analysis.<\/p>\n<p>Reddy et al. also found that at 20 minutes, curcumin did not significantly affect physiological pathways. However, by 60 minutes,\u00a0curcumin altered the TCA cycle, glyoxylate metabolism, anaerobic respiration,\u00a0gluconeogenesis and glycine cleavage. By 20 minutes, it\u00a0effectively altered fatty acid synthesis, peptidoglycan synthesis, anaerobic respiration,\u00a0TCA cycle and propionate metabolism.<\/p>\n<p>The authors note that this is the first comprehensive proteomic study of\u00a0<em>B. subtilis<\/em>\u00a0changes following\u00a0curcumin\u00a0treatment. Their findings indicate that the\u00a0cell division machinery is one of the\u00a0prime targets of curcumin. Therefore, curcumin<span class=\"thread\">\u00a0has potential as a new antibacterial agent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Reddy, P.J., et al. (2015) &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/23ZHSGv\" target=\"_blank\">Comprehensive analysis of temporal alterations in cellular proteome of Bacillus\u00a0subtilis under curcumin treatment<\/a>,&#8221; PLoSONE,\u00a010(4): e0120620.<\/p>\n<p><i>Post Author: Miriam Pollak. Miriam a Nutritionist specialising in women&#8217;s health and works from her Bondi Beach clinic. She is also currently completing her Masters by research in nutrition.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Prior to this, Miriam majored in neuroscience as an undergraduate before completing a post graduate degree in science communication. She spent over a decade working in science communication and medical research, collaborating with some of the best oncologists and researchers in Australia and the U.S.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Curcumin\u00a0is a naturally occurring\u00a0phytochemical obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma\u00a0longa. Curcumin has\u00a0anti-tumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it is anti-genotoxic\u00a0against DNA-damaging agents, it is phototoxic, it can block\u00a0the cell cycle progression in cancer cells, and it prevents angiogenesis. Furthermore, curcumin has\u00a0antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria and has synergetic\u00a0effects with other drugs in<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":8647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[937,936],"division":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8648","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bacteriology","8":"tag-antibacterial-agents","9":"tag-curcumin","10":"entry"},"_selected_authors":"","_selected_reviewers":"","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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