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Life science breakthrough within reach
From the momentous discovery of the structure of DNA, every scientific advancement and product innovation has played a role in bringing us to where we stand today. To commemorate the 70th anniversary of the discovery of DNA, we put together a series of workflow solutions derived from the science of DNA, enabling scientists to make groundbreaking discoveries easier, sooner and more cost-saving.
In your pursuit to advance science, every experiment matters. Every scientific advancement and product innovation since the discovery of the structure of DNA has brought us here today. Let's celebrate your achievements and look to the future unfolding.
- Featured new products
- Hot workflow solutions
- Free tools & services
Featured new products
E-Gel Power Snap Plus Electrophoresis System
Its flexible capacity and fast running time make the E-Gel Power Snap Plus System ideal for:
- High-throughput genotyping—run up to 96 samples at a time
- Cell population screening for quality control or mutations
- Clone library analysis and clone identification
- Routine analysis of restriction digests and PCR products
- PCR with >100x fidelity of Taq enzyme
- Universal annealing temperature due to the unique buffer formulation
- Hot-start modification improves PCR specificity and room temperature stability of assembled reactions
- Efficient amplification of GC-rich sequences and inhibitor-containing DNA
SuperScript IV UniPrime One‑Step RT‑PCR System
The new SuperScript IV UniPrime One‑Step RT‑PCR System combines exceptional performance with easier reaction setup than any other one‑step RT‑PCR reagent. Have confidence in your results with the fastest one-step RT-PCR protocol.
PureLink™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit
Use this single kit for genomic DNA purification from blood, tissues, cells, bacteria, swabs, and blood spots, with a familiar silica-based, microcentrifuge spin-column format. Features of the PureLink™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit include:
- Kit flexibility — one kit works with a variety of sample types and sizes
- Ultraclean gDNA — minimal contamination of DNA product means successful downstream application
- Improved design — optimized spin-column design and buffer formulation for better yield and purity
MagMAX™ DNA Multi-Sample Ultra 2.0 Kit
Isolate genomic DNA from multiple sample types with a single sample prep kit. Features include:
- Process 6–96 samples in 45 min with 5 min hands-on time
- Isolate gDNA from 50 µL–2 mL of sample using a simple protocol in SBS microtiter plates
- Process a broad range of sample volume inputs simultaneously without sample normalization or reagent volume adjustments for hassle-free sample prep
KingFisher Apex used to purify DNA, RNA, proteins, and cells
Discover cutting edge technology for preparing precious sample types. Experience lab automation using our 3D virtual experience.
VeritiPro Thermal Cycler: Better-Than-Gradient PCR Optimization
The Applied Biosystems VeritiPro Thermal Cycler delivers proven reliability with advanced temperature control technology and connectivity. Take advantage of next-level PCR optimization with the precision offered by VeriFlex Block technology. Connect to the cloud-enabled VeritiPro Thermal Cycler remotely. Conveniently design and securely upload your methods, monitor runs, and check instrument availability from any mobile device or desktop computer with Connect.
PCR Tubes, Plates & Accessories
MicroAmp 96-Well Plates, 384-Well Plates, PCR Tubes, PCR Strip Tubes, and Adhesive Films
Applied Biosystems MicroAmp plastics consumables offer excellent PCR or qPCR performance in formats developed to meet your experimental needs. All of our plastics consumables are validated with Applied Biosystems instruments for optimal fit and performance.
5 Steps to Efficient PCR
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive and efficient method for amplifying a single copy of a target DNA sequence to millions of copies. Target DNA detection and/or amplification by PCR is an important step in cloning, gene expression analysis, genotyping, sequencing, and mutagenesis. PCR has a broad range of applications, including in research for infectious diseases, cancer, forensic analysis, and agricultural biotechnology.
- Step 1
DNA/RNA Isolation - Step 2
Amplify - Step 3
Clone - Step 4
Purify - Step 5
Verify
DNA isolation
DNA isolation is a crucial first step in the PCR workflow, whether you are isolating genomic DNA (gDNA) or bacterial plasmids. Selecting nucleic acid purification products that are optimized to provide maximum yield, purity, and integrity from virtually any sample type and application is important for your research success.
Common nucleic acid isolation methods include:
Organic extraction | Spin column | Magnetic beads | |
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Recommended DNA extraction products: By DNA type By sample type
Tired of purifying DNA for PCR?
Check out a universal direct PCR master mix that works with different sample types. No DNA purification needed!
KingFisher automated extraction & purification system for DNA, RNA, Protein & Cells
KingFisher instruments help save you valuable time when compared with manual preparation or even with other sample preparation instruments. KingFisher instruments provide easy-to-follow protocols that remove manual steps and reduce overall processing time and errors associated with sample preparation while increasing the yield reproducibility of your results.
- Various throughputs — process 6–96 samples per run depending on the instrument model
- Interchangeable formats — choose 24- or 96-well plates so you can process a wide range of input volumes
- Protocol customization — easily edit, modify, or create new protocols (touchscreen enabled for Thermo Scientific™ KingFisher™ Apex™ instrument only)
- Optimized reagents — compatible with multiple magnetic-bead reagents
- Barcoded plastics — achieve optimal performance with specially designed plastics (for KingFisher Apex instrument only)
Helpful resources:
Primer Design
Take advantage of the benefits offered by our robust and easy-to-use Primer3-based OligoPerfect Designer
Custom oligos manufacturing
From the start of your oligos order to follow ups and special requests, we are here to meet your needs.
Ordering custom DNA oligos
Learn more about Invitrogen custom DNA oligos
PCR enzyme selection
DNA polymerase is an essential component for PCR because of its key role in synthesizing new DNA strands. Because of the sensitive and specific nature of PCR, it is important to choose high-quality enzymes and reagents to produce optimal results.
A comprehensive portfolio of PCR enzymes and master mixes is available with the high performance and consistency you need. View our online selection guide to find the best enzyme for common PCR applications.
For hot-start PCR
Platinum II Taq Hot-Start DNA Polymerase—Higher inhibitor tolerance and faster DNA synthesis than standard Taq enzyme
For direct PCR
Platinum Direct PCR Universal Master Mix—Direct amplification from samples without genomic DNA purification
Phusion DNA Polymerases
High-Fidelity DNA Polymerases & Master Mixes—Select a Phusion DNA polymerase best suited for your application
DreamTaq DNA Polymerase
Available in standard and hot-start formats, that offers a balance between performance and value—DreamTaq DNA Polymerase
Thermal cycling
PCR consists of heating and cooling cycles (thermal cycling) for DNA amplification. Therefore, the success or failure of a PCR reaction may depend on selecting the right thermal cycler (which automates the process) and PCR plastics (which holds the reaction).
Applied Biosystems thermal cyclers enable precise, consistent results for every challenge, application, and budget. Since 1987, our instruments have built a reputation for reliability, temperature accuracy, user-friendly interfaces, and innovation.
Deciding on a thermal cycler for your lab? Discover our offerings for one that fits your need.
PCR Plastics
Using the right PCR plastics for your application and instrument can improve the reliability of your PCR results. Regardless of the plastics format you select, proper fit and uniform heat transfer during thermal cycling are essential for successful PCR.
Applied Biosystems PCR plastics have been designed and validated to work with Applied Biosystems thermal cyclers for more than 25 years. To find plastics compatible with Applied Biosystems and other thermal cyclers, use our PCR Plastics Selection Tool
How to choose a PCR plate
Find the right plastics based on format for your PCR and qPCR instrument.
Cloning
Molecular cloning, a key component of the molecular biology workflow, is used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication. In the molecular cloning workflow, the DNA to be cloned is identified and treated with enzymes to generate DNA fragments. These fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules.
FastDigest restriction enzymes
An advanced line of restriction enzymes and DNA-modifying enzymes in a complete one-buffer system for simplified cloning.
TOPO cloning
5-minute, room-temperature cloning with no gel purification or post-PCR modifications & up to 95% recombinants with TOPO cloning.
Gateway cloning
Gateway recombination cloning technology allows gene shuttling, enabling you to access virtually any expression system.
GeneArt Seamless Cloning & Gibson Assembly®
Clone up to 15 fragments simultaneously to build large, seamless clones.
Competent cells
Choose competent cells based on application, strain, packaging format & transformation efficiency.
Gene Synthesis
Combining the convenience of the Invitrogen online ordering system, with cutting-edge GeneArt service offerings.
PCR purification kits
PCR clean-up is a routine but critical laboratory procedure. You need a PCR clean-up method that efficiently removes short primers, unincorporated dNTPs, enzymes, short-failed PCR products, and salts from PCR reactions.
Which PCR purification kit is right for you?
| Quick and efficient removal of by-products | Concentrates low-yield PCR products | Simple, reliable, rapid method, 96-well format | Rapid, scalable, magnetic bead format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product name | PureLink PCR Purification Kit | PureLink PCR Micro Purification Kit | PureLink 96 PCR Purification Kit | ChargeSwitch PCR Clean-Up Kit |
| Format | Silica column | Silica column | 96-well silica filter plate | Magnetic beads |
| Prep time | 15 mins | 15 mins | 15 mins | 5 mins |
| Sample input volume | 50–100 µL | 50–100 µL | 50–100 µL | 25–50 µL |
| DNA fragment size | 100 bp to 15 kb | 100 bp to 15 kb | 100 bp to 15 kb | 90 bp to 40 kb |
| DNA binding capacity | Up to 40 µg | Up to 40 µg | Up to 40 µg | ~25 µg per mg beads |
| Downstream applications | Sequencing, NGS, Nucleic Acid Labeling, PCR, Cloning | Sequencing, Nucleic Acid Labeling, PCR, Cloning | Sequencing, Cloning | Sequencing, NGS, Microarray Analysis, PCR, Cloning |
| Automation compatibility | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Pack size | 50 preps 250 preps | 50 preps 250 preps | 4 plates | 100 preps 960 preps |
| Cat. No. | K310001 K310002 | K310050 K310250 | K3100-96A | CS12000 CS12000-10 |
Plasmid purification
In 1985 the first plasmid cloning vectors were genetically engineered. Plasmid DNA used to be isolated using cesium chloride gradients, a difficult and time-consuming process. Modern, column-based systems quickly and easily produce large quantities of purified plasmids suitable for mammalian cell transfection.
Which plasmid DNA isolation and purification kit is right for you?
| Rapid isolation of molecular biology quality | Gold standard for ultrapure, high quality | Enhanced purity for sensitive applications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purity grade | Molecular | Transfection | Advanced transfection | |
| Endotoxin | Standard (>10 EU/µg) | Low endotoxin (0.1–1 EU/µg) | Endotoxin-free (< 0.1 EU/µg) | |
| Plasmid DNA purification kit |  GeneJET |  PureLink HiPure |  PureLink Fast |  PureLinkExpi Endotoxin-Free |
| Total protocol time | 15–60 min | 30–120 min | 30 min | 90–120 min |
| Prep size | Mini–Maxi | Mini–Giga | Midi, Maxi | Maxi, Mega, Giga |
| Yield up to | 20 µg–1 mg | 20 µg–15 mg | 0.4 mg (midi prep) or 1.5 mg (maxi prep) | 1.5–15 mg |
| Technology | Silica membrane | Anion exchange | Advanced silica | Anion exchange membrane |
| Applications | Not sensitive
| Sensitive
| Very sensitive
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| Order now | Order now | Order now | Order now | |
Plasmid DNA Preparation Sizes
| Miniprep | Midiprep | Maxiprep | Megaprep | Gigaprep | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overnight bacterial culture volume | 1–5 mL | 25–100 mL | 100–500 mL | 500 mL–2.5 L | 2.5–5 L |
| Approximate yield | Up to 40 µg | Up to 400 µg | up to 1.5 mg | Up to 5 mg | Up to 15 mg |
Verification by Electrophoresis
The first successful electrophoresis chamber was invented in 1938! It wasn’t until 1972 that the use of ethidium bromide advanced DNA visualization. Now with the convenience of precast agarose gels, what used to take an hour is now more safely completed in as little as 15 minutes.
E-Gel Power Snap Plus Electrophoresis System
E-Gel Power Snap Plus Electrophoresis System combines the convenience of quick real-time nucleic acid analysis with high-quality visualization in both high and low-throughput E-gels. Get results in as little as 15 minutes. No need to pour buffers or your own gels—Power Snap Plus is an integrated system to run, visualize and image gels as a dry, precast bufferless system!
Invitrogen E-Gel Precast Agarose Gels with SYBR Safe Gel Stain are designed for safer, more convenient DNA electrophoresis- eliminating the use of age old ethidium bromide stains.
Free tools & services
PCR and molecular biology handbook
PCR and Cloning Solutions Fit for Discovery.
Learn More
Molecular biology education
Learn PCR and cloning at your own pace and on your own time.
Learn More
PCR and qPCR plastics selection tool
High-performance PCR and qPCR plastics for optimal results.
Learn More
RNA reference guide
Learn how to extract samples, isolate analytes and deliver pure results for your research.
Learn More
DNA reference guide
Learn how to extract samples, isolate analytes and deliver pure results for your research.
Learn More
DNA & RNA learning center
Learn how to extract samples, isolate analytes and deliver pure results for your research.
Learn More
With a 40-year history of supporting breakthroughs, we deliver the complete genomics solutions that help scientists ask—and answer—biology’s biggest questions
- Featured new products
- Hot workflow solutions
- Free tools & services
Featured new products
RNaseZap™ RNase Decontamination Wipes
Ambion™ RNaseZap Wipes are RNaseZap™ in a convenient towel format. You simply wipe RNases off of surfaces and rinse with RNase-free water. Supplied as 3 rolls of 100 sheets plus solution to refill existing pop-up dispenser.
- Convenient towel format
- Completely removes RNase contamination from glass and plastic surfaces Ideal for cleaning work surfaces, pipettors, and equipment that must be RNase-free
- Works immediately on contact; no baking or autoclaving necessary The popular Ambion™ RNaseZap™ is now
- High yield — increase recovery by as much as 30%
- Convenient — simply use with TRIzol mix, centrifuge, then easily pipette off the aqueous phase
- Efficient — stable gel seal allows researchers to maximize the number of samples per run without losing phase separation
- Ready-to-use — gel comes predispensed in 2 mL tubes
- Exclusive — available for TRIzol reagents only
- Inert — does not compromise RNA integrity or downstream experiments
TRIzol™ Reagent and Phasemaker™ Tubes Complete System
- High yield — increase recovery by as much as 30%
- Convenient — simply use with TRIzol mix, centrifuge, then easily pipette off the aqueous phase
- Efficient — stable gel seal allows researchers to maximize the number of samples per run without losing phase separation
- Ready-to-use — gel comes predispensed in 2 mL tubes
- Exclusive — available for TRIzol reagents only
- Inert — does not compromise RNA integrity or downstream experiments
Dynabeads™ mRNA DIRECT™ Purification Kit
Usude:
- Fast — 15 minute procedure yields pure, intact mRNA
- Highly pure mRNA isolation — best choice upstream of cDNA synthesis
- Sensitive mRNA isolation — enables cDNA synthesis and cDNA library construction from ultra-small starting samples
Collibri RNA library prep kits
Collibri™ Stranded RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina™ Systems
A unique workflow adds partial adapters directly to RNA to retain small RNA, coding RNA, and noncoding RNA to sequence the entire transcriptome.
- <6.5 hours for rRNA depletion and library generation
- Ribosomal depletion module is compatible with human, mouse, and rat samples
- For highest success rates, tracking dyes in each reagent change color when properly mixed
SuperScript IV VILO Master Mix contains a proprietary helper protein which improves the interaction between SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase and the template RNA, and thereby, extends linearity across ten orders of magnitude for input RNA. Continue to get a high degree of linearity across a wide range of target inputs with our qPCR master mixes that are specifically formulated for highly sensitive and accurate gene expression analysis.
KingFisher Apex: DNA, RNA, Protein and Cell Purification
Discover cutting edge technology for preparing precious sample types. Experience lab automation using our 3D virtual experience.
VeritiPro Thermal Cycler: Better-Than-Gradient PCR Optimization
The Applied Biosystems Veriti Thermal Cycler set a new standard for innovation when this thermocycler launched in 2007. It was the first thermal cycler to employ an LCD touchscreen interface, multiple temperature zone block, and web-enabled remote-control software. Building on these innovations, the VeritiPro Thermal Cycler upgrade features the latest block technology and connectivity options. These advancements provide higher ramp rates, quieter runs, and more intuitive VeriFlex temperature optimization setup while continuing to offer the same high-end performance.
PCR Tubes, Plates & Accessories
MicroAmp 96-Well Plates, 384-Well Plates, PCR Tubes, PCR Strip Tubes, and Adhesive Films
Applied Biosystems MicroAmp plastics consumables offer excellent PCR or qPCR performance in formats developed to meet your experimental needs. All of our plastics consumables are validated with Applied Biosystems instruments for optimal fit and performance.
Real-time PCR instruments
QuantStudio Real-Time PCR Systems
QuantStudio real-time PCR systems with more than 25 years of qPCR innovation, Applied Biosystems continues to lead the way in performance, reliability, and world-class support. From low- to high-throughput solutions, there’s a QuantStudio Real-time PCR system that’s just right for your research.
Browse the categories and specifications below, then click on your model of choice for more information.
QuantStudio 7 and 6 Pro systems
QuantStudio 7 and 6 Pro systems offer flexibility with multiple interchangeable block options to meet changing throughput needs and unique, integrated smart workflow features to maximize productivity.
QuantStudio 5, 3, or 1 systems
QuantStudio 5, 3, or 1 systems offer the standard qPCR applications and functions with remote monitoring and cloud-enabled analytics with fixed 96-well and 384-well (QuantStudio 5 system only) blocks.
The QuantStudio 12K Flex system offers the highest level of flexibility in the portfolio and supports the super-high throughput format of OpenArray plates.
TaqMan master mixes are optimized to work with our TaqMan Assays to provide optimal sensitivity, specificity, and dynamic range. Our SYBR portfolio offers a variety of features providing a wide range of instrument compatibility.
Industry-leading choice for 5ʹ nuclease real-time PCR assays. >20 million predesigned assays (primer/probe sets) available in five formats and unlimited content configurations. Custom designs and individual primers/probes also available.
Research solutions
- Step 1
RNase Control - Step 2
Purification - Step 3
Quality Control - Step 4
Quantitation - Step 5
Reverse Transcription - Step 6
Analysis
Why keep your lab nuclease- and RNase-free?
Presence of nucleases such as DNase and RNase can degrade a molecular sample, interfering with downstream analysis. Researchers working with RNA know that RNA is unstable and degrades rapidly. Even trace quantities of RNases can lead to lower yields from in vitro transcription reactions, degradation during RNA purification protocols, and produce variable results after RT-qPCR. It is vital to protect targeted molecular samples from the RNases that can break them down. All labware should be RNase-free before commencing molecular research; this includes instruments, surfaces, protective wear, and consumables involved.
RNase-free products
RNase-free products can be broken down into four categories: RNase inhibition, RNase detection, RNase decontamination, RNase stabilization.
Because of the importance of keeping lab spaces nuclease-free, there are many products to help inhibit, detect, and decontaminate RNases, as well as preserve and stabilize RNA. Products that can help make your laboratory RNase-free:
RNase inhibitors
RNase inhibitors are commonly used as a precautionary measure during enzymatic manipulation of RNA to inhibit and control RNases.
Read more about RNase inhibitors
RNase detection
To determine if RNases are present in samples or solutions, RNase detection kits are used. These kits typically monitor RNase activity.
Read more about RNase detection
RNase decontamination
Decontamination reagents eliminate nuclease contamination (particularly ribonuclease) on work surfaces.
Read more about RNase decontamination
RNA stabilizers
RNase stabilizers are reagents that help stabilize and preserve the integrity of RNA at the point of collection or post-collection.
Nuclease-free tubes, tips, and reagents
Another way to keep your laboratory RNase-free is to utilize certified nuclease-free and RNase-free supplies and reagents. View our catalog of nuclease-free tubes, tips, water, buffers, and reagents:
Nuclease-free tubes and tips
Certified nuclease-free (RNase- and DNase-free) tubes and pipette tips designed for handling RNA and DNA with confidence.
Explore: Nuclease-free tubes and tips
Nuclease-free water
Certified nuclease-free water products available in a wide range of sizes and packaging formats for molecular biology research.
Nuclease-free buffers and reagents
RNA and DNA storage buffers, general-use buffers, and molecular biology-grade reagents—all rigorously tested and shown to be nuclease-free.
Explore: Nuclease-free buffers and reagents
RNA Extraction for Real-Time PCR
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a process that transforms RNA to cDNA via a reverse transcriptase, then replicates it with a DNA polymerase. To get good results from reverse transcription, the starting RNA material must be of sufficient quantity, intact, and free of genomic DNA.
Selection guide: RNA extraction kits for RT-PCR and qPCR
| Gold standard for highly pure, intact RNA | High-quality RNA in less than 20 minutes | High-throughput purification of RNA and DNA | Complete, no purification system for qRT-PCR results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of PCR supported | Reverse transcription PCR and downstream applications | Reverse transcription PCR and downstream applications | Reverse transcription PCR and downstream applications | Straight to qPCR |
| Reagent/Kit | TRIzol reagents | PureLink kits | MagMAX kits | Cells-to-CT kits |
| Benefits | Most cited, economical | Quick and convenient | Scalable and flexible | Streamlined, best for qRT-PCR |
| Isolation method | Organic reagent | Silica filter, column or plate format | Magnetic beads (scalability, flexibility) | Chemical lysis |
| High throughput compatible | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| RT reagents included | No | No | No | Yes |
| qPCR reagents included | No | No | No | Yes |
| Prep time | ~1hr | < 20 minutes | ~45 minutes | 10 minutes |
| Compatible sample types | Most sample types, including difficult to lyse | Cells and tissues | Cells, blood, plants, tissue | Cells |
| Amount of starting material | 100 mg of tissue or 107 cells (requires 1 mL reagent) | Up to 200 mg tissue or 5 x 106 to 1 x 108 cells | Up to 100 mg tissue or up to 5 x 106 cells | 1–103 cells |
KingFisher Automated Purification Instruments
Each benchtop KingFisher purification instrument is designed for processing at different throughput levels, volume ranges, and samples per run. Decide which automated purification system is right for your laboratory research or testing.
| KingFisher instrument |
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| Instrument size | Compact benchtop | Benchtop | Benchtop | Benchtop—integrates with robotic liquid handler |
| Throughput level | Low to medium | Medium to high | Medium to high | Ultrahigh |
| Processing volume range |
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| Samples per run | 6 or 12 | 24 or 96 | 24 or 96 | 24 or 96 |
| Customizable protocols | Yes, with PC software | Yes, with PC software | Yes, with touchscreen or PC software | Yes, with PC software |
| Heating/cooling |
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| Ultraviolet lamp | 8 watts (up to 16 hr) | No | 2 UV lamps, max 23 h 59 min | No |
| Size | 40 x 46 x 34 cm; 15.7 x 18.1 x 13.4 in. (W x D x H) | 68 x 60 x 38 cm; 26.77 x 23.6 x 14.96 in. (W x D x H) | 78 x 59 x 45 cm; 31 x 23 x 18 in. (W x D x H) | 36 x 46.5 x 40 cm; 14.2 x 18.3 x 15.7 in. (W x D x H) |
| Weight | 17 kg; 37.5 lbs. | 28 kg; 62 lbs. | 56 kg; 123 lbs. | 24.0 kg; 52.9 lbs. |
| Ordering information |
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Qubit Fluorometers
Fast, accurate, sensitive, and specific quantification of DNA, RNA, and protein
Qubit Fluorometers provide fast, accurate answers to the often-heard question, “Do I have enough DNA (or RNA or protein) for my assay?” Quantification of these analytes is important for downstream applications like next generation sequencing (NGS), PCR, transfection, western blotting, and immunoassays.
Qubit Fluorometers detect fluorescent dyes specifically bound to the target molecule. With optimized Qubit Assays, they can distinguish dsDNA from ssDNA or intact from degraded RNA, even in extremely small amounts or in the presence of contaminants. A simple, intuitive interface and onboard calculators streamline the process. Results appear within seconds and can be exported to a computer or downstream device.
Qubit RNA IQ assays
Quickly assess RNA integrity and quality
The Qubit RNA IQ Assay was developed to quickly assess the integrity and quality (IQ) of an RNA sample. It uses two dyes: one that binds to large, intact, and/or structured RNA, the other to small, degraded RNA.
Simple protocol
To use the Qubit RNA IQ Assay, simply add as little as 1 µL of your samples (containing 0.5–1.5 µg RNA) to the RNA IQ working solution and measure on the Qubit 4 or Qubit Flex Fluorometer. No special handling, tedious sample preparation, or waiting for results is required. A sample’s IQ score, a number between 1 and 10, represents the percentage of large to small RNA molecules in the sample.
Qubit RNA quantification assays
RNA quantification assays
There are three Qubit RNA assays to quantify different concentration ranges of large RNA, and one assay to quantify small RNA molecules (microRNA).
Protocol
To quantify RNA, you can choose among three Qubit RNA Assay kits with overlapping ranges of initial sample concentrations, from as little as 250 pg/μL to 10,000 ng/μL. These kits are highly selective for RNA over double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Unlike other RNA assays, they do not require DNase for an accurate measurement, even if DNA is present in the sample. Common contaminants such as salts, free nucleotides, solvents, detergents, or proteins are well tolerated in these assays.
In this sensitivity test, both the Qubit RNA and microRNA assays (red and blue bars) measured very close to the actual concentrations of their target RNAs (red and blue lines).
cDNA synthesis
Though scientists believe RNA is an older molecule, it was not until 1956 that the RNA structure was identified. Reverse transcription, the generation of complementary DNA from an RNA template, used to take over an hour with unpredictable yields. Now cDNA synthesis can be done in 10 mins with more than 100x sensitivity.
Advantages of SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase
SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase is known for its efficiency, sensitivity, robustness, short-reaction time, and thermostability. Click on the attributes below to see supporting data. For recommendations on choosing the reverse transcriptase fit for your application, use the selection tool.
 Super efficient |  Super sensitive |  Super robust |  Super fast |  Super stable |
| Up to 100x higher cDNA yield | Ct values reduced by as many as eight cycles for RT-qPCR | Transcribes even from degraded or inhibitor-containing RNA samples | Ten-minute reaction times | High thermostability to transcribe structured templates |
Step 6: Analysis
qPCR analysis
Amplify your cDNA before using it for the real-time PCR reaction & data analysis. It will increase the amount of cDNA available for subsequent reactions without creating bias in the relative amount of cDNA represented in your sample.
View our Real-time PCR solutions below to amplify your cDNA.
Real-time PCR Instruments
QuantStudio Real-time PCR Systems
Designed for compatibility with Applied Biosystems TaqMan Assays and the flexibility of unlimited real-time chemistry choices, we make it easy for you to get started with your experiments. The Applied Biosystems QuantStudio family of instruments enables you to obtain the results you need, connect and collaborate with colleagues, and achieve your research goals.
Real-time PCR Reagents
Applied Biosystems™ TaqMan™ Fast Advanced Master Mix
TaqMan Fast Advanced Master Mix delivers accurate quantification and dependability in less time on an array of qPCR instrument platforms.
Applied Biosystems™ TaqMan™ Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix
TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix is designed for fast, highly sensitive real-time RT-PCR even in the presence of challenging PCR inhibitors.
Applied Biosystems™ PowerTrack™ SYBR Green Master Mix
PowerTrack SYBR Green Master Mix is a pre-formulated, optimized, universal 2X master mix for real-time PCR workflows with built-in visual dye–based indicators for accurate reaction set up.
Real-time PCR Assays
- Detect virtually any gene product with our predesigned assays
- Gold-standard specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility
- Best-coverage assays to detect highest number of transcript variants possible
RNA Sequencing
RNA library prep
The Invitrogen Collibri portfolio of library prep kits and accessories generate libraries more quickly, with less bias, in order to match the speed and capacity of Illumina instruments. Visual feedback is provided by the entire Collibri portfolio of library prep kits and accessories including whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, library quantification and library amplification.
The Collibri Stranded RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina Systems uses a unique protocol in which adapters are added directly to RNA. The full transcriptome is retained because cDNA priming is not affected by GC content and random oligonucleotide sequences are not incorporated into cDNA, preventing false SNPs and point mutations.
The Collibri Stranded RNA Library Preparation Kit:
- Includes all necessary components in a single kit* for a quick use
- Total RNA converted to sequencing-ready library within 4.5 hours
- >98% strand specificity, efficient detection of non-coding RNA and high sensitivity of differential gene expression
- Provides in-process visual feedback for easier handling
- Is suitable for conventional automation to increase throughput
Free tools & services
Cells-to-CT
How to video
- Extraordinary ease and speed — 96 samples for RT-qPCR in less than 10 min
- Skip RNA purification — no columns, heating, or centrifugation
- Exceptional performance — designed for consistent accuracy, reproducibility, and sensitivity with 1–100,000 cells
- Analytically validated workflows — complete sets of reagents pre-optimized to work efficiently right out of the box
Navigate the basics of working with RNA
How to prevent RNase contamination
- Use sterile technique when working with RNA
- Use DEPC treatment for solutions to remove RNase
- Use RNase-free lab consumables: pipette tips and tubes
- Use RNase-free buffers, reagents, and water
Real-Time PCR learning center
Whether you are new to real-time PCR or an experienced user looking to learn new tricks, we have a library of educational material to help you.
We love your cells as much as you do.
While working with cells can be extremely challenging, cell research holds so much hope and potential. Built on 30 years of cutting-edge innovation such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology, which is revolutionizing the field of genome editing, our complete toolset of cell engineering solutions enables scientists to persevere and keep pushing for the answers that will change our world.
- Featured new products
- Hot workflow solutions
- Free tools & services
Featured new products
Neon™ NxT Electroporation System
The Neon NxT Electroporation System is a next-generation electroporation platform leveraging the unique and trusted Neon electroporation technology, which increases transfection efficiency and cell viability. The system streamlines the transfection of mammalian cells, including primary, stem, and difficult-to-transfect cells, for fast and efficient delivery of nucleic acids.
- Proven performance - up to 90% transfection efficiency in many cell types, including primary, stem, and difficult-to-transfect cells, while preserving cell viability with electroporation tip technology
- Flexible - easily transfect 2 × 104 cells to 6 × 106 cells per reaction
- Simple - easy to perform three-step process with a single buffer kit for all cell types
- Improved usability - improved pipette ergonomics with ClipTip interlocking technology, enhanced feedback loop, and intuitive user interface with plate setup
Instruments for Sanger Sequencing
The Applied Biosystems SeqStudio & SeqStudio Flex Series genetic analyzers deliver the high level of Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis data quality and reliable performance that scientists need, while leveraging technological advances for increased flexibility, easier operation, enhanced connectivity, and remote serviceability.
SeqStudio™ Flex Genetic Analyzers
- Schedule Flexibility: Four-plate capacity, continuous plate loading, and urgent sample reprioritization.
- Ease of use: Easier capillary array installation, streamlined one-button start up, autocalibration, integrated touchscreen computer with intuitive software.
- Advanced communications and connectivity: Remote setup, monitoring, and data transfer
- Innovative all-in-one cartridge: Minimized hands-on setup time with integrated reagents cartridge
- Optimized end-to-end workflow: Single polymer system allows for Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis samples to be run on the same plate in the same workflow
- Touchscreen usability: The intuitive touchscreen interface simplifies plate, sample, and run setup and displays results
The Applied Biosystems SeqScreener Gene Edit Confirmation App (SGC) is a free and user-friendly software to determine the range and frequency of mutations generated in CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.
- Intuitive design: easy-to-use software enables users of all skill levels to quickly identify successful gene knock-outs, knock-ins and single base changes. Flexible viewing options including plate-based overviews, indel histograms, and individual sequence traces.
- Fast and accurate: robust algorithm calculates the range and editing frequencies and grades the editing outcome for each sample in a matter of seconds
- All-in-one: visualize results, analyze data, and generate publication figures using a single software app
- Convenient: available for free on the cloud-based Thermo Fisher Connect Platform. No software download or install is required. With batch processing capabilities, up to 2,400 files can be uploaded and analyzed at once.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) utilizes massively parallel sequencing to generate thousands of megabases of sequence information. The Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing technology helps you implement a fast and simple workflow that scales to your research needs across multiple applications. The Ion GeneStudio S5 system is a scalable, targeted-NGS workhorse with wide application breadth and throughput capability.
Hot workflow solutions
CRISPR design tool
The Invitrogen TrueDesign Genome Editor is a free online tool that enables scientists of all experience levels to easily design, select, and order reagents for accurate and successful gene editing experiments.
- Supports six types of edits—gene knockout, fluorescent tagging, insertion, deletion, SNP creation, and replacement.
- Easily extract the transcript and loci you want to modify across model species
- View the DNA and amino acid sequences while editing your gene with point-and-type features
- Generate your specific donor and the associated CRISPR-Cas9 gRNA or TALEN sequences
CRISPR gRNA
- Choose from our catalog of ready-to-transfect predesigned sgRNAs for efficient knockout.
- Upload your custom sequence to our Invitrogen TrueGuide gRNA Ordering Tool.
- Design your custom edit with our TrueDesign Genome Editor software.
CRISPR protein
Next-generation Cas9 proteins designed to deliver maximum CRISPR editing efficiency:
- Next-generation wild type Cas9 designed to deliver maximum editing efficiency for the most common research applications
- High fidelity Cas9 variant engineered to improve specificity by significantly reducing off-target effects while maintaining high on-target editing efficiency
- Near complete elimination of off-target events in all tested cell lines including standard, immune, primary, and stem
- Maintains maximum on-target editing efficiency compared to TrueCut Cas9 Protein v2
- High quality—manufactured under strict ISO 13485 quality standards
- Transfection-ready, using either electroporation or lipid-mediated transfection reagents
- Eliminates time-consuming cloning steps
Knock-in Editing and Gene Tagging
- Achieve up to 100% edited cells—get great results, regardless of your level of expertise
- Eliminate cloning steps—one-step PCR gives you donors in hours, not days
- Minimize screening time—enrich edited cells using blasticidin or puromycin
- Tag genes easily—add your choice of a fluorescent or epitope tag to a protein of interest
- Create knockout cell lines—combine functional knockout with fluorescence and selection markers to enrich edited cells
In Vitro Transcription kit
mMESSAGE mMACHINE™ T7 Transcription Kit
mMESSAGE mMACHINE® kits are designed for the in vitro synthesis of large amounts of capped RNA. Capped RNA mimics most eukaryotic mRNAs found in vivo, because it has a 7-methyl guanosine cap structure at the 5' end. mMESSAGE mMACHINE® kit reactions include cap analog [m7G(5')ppp(5')G] in an ultra high-yield transcription reaction. The cap analog is incorporated only as the first or 5' terminal G of the transcript because its structure precludes its incorporation at any other position in the RNA molecule.
mMESSAGE mMACHINE™ T7 ULTRA Transcription Kit
The mMESSAGE mMACHINE® T7 Ultra Kit combines a new cap analog, anti-reverse cap analog (ARCA), with a patented high-yield transcription technology to generate RNA transcripts that produce higher protein yields compared to other transcripts upon translation. Advantages of the mMESSAGE mMACHINE® T7 Ultra Kit:
- Synthesize more protein from in vitro-transcribed RNA
- Express RNA transcripts more efficiently both in vitro and in vivo
- Stabilize transcripts in vivo with included reagents for poly(A) tailing
Lipofectamine™ MessengerMAX™ Transfection Reagent
Lipofectamine™ MessengerMAX mRNA Transfection Reagent delivers amazing transfection efficiency in neurons and a broad-spectrum of primary cells, enabling improved application outcomes and more biologically relevant research.
- Amazing transfection efficiency in neurons and primary cell types
- Faster protein expression with no risk of genomic integration
- Up to 10x higher cleavage using mRNA CRISPRs
Lipofectamine™ CRISPRMAX™ Cas9 Transfection Reagent
Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX Cas9 Transfection Reagent is the first optimized lipid nanoparticle transfection reagent for CRISPR-Cas9 protein delivery. It is a high-throughput-friendly, cost-effective alternative to electroporation.
- Working together with our TrueCut Cas9 Protein v2 and TrueGuide Synthetic gRNA, it provides:
- Demonstrated cleavage efficiency—tested in over 20 cell types including iPSC, mESC, N2A, CHO, A549, HCT116, HeLa, HEK293, and several others
- Low cell toxicity—less cells needed to initiate your experiment
- High throughput friendly—an ideal delivery solution for 96-well format
- Cost savings—whether cost-per-reaction or initial investment
Neon™ NxT Electroporation System
The Neon NxT Electroporation System is a next-generation electroporation platform leveraging the unique and trusted Neon electroporation technology, which increases transfection efficiency and cell viability. The system streamlines the transfection of mammalian cells, including primary, stem, and difficult-to-transfect cells, for fast and efficient delivery of nucleic acids.
- Proven performance - up to 90% transfection efficiency in many cell types, including primary, stem, and difficult-to-transfect cells, while preserving cell viability with electroporation tip technology
- Flexible - easily transfect 2 × 104 cells to 6 × 106 cells per reaction
- Simple - easy to perform three-step process with a single buffer kit for all cell types
- Improved usability - improved pipette ergonomics with ClipTip interlocking technology, enhanced feedback loop, and intuitive user interface with plate setup
Thermo Fisher Scientific acquired PeproTech in 2021 and is now offering their wide portfolio of recombinant proteins under the Gibco brand. Backed by thousands of peer-reviewed publications and decades of expertise, PeproTech recombinant cytokines and proteins help life science, biotech, and pharma companies achieve success in their endeavors to discover new biological insights and develop cutting-edge cell and gene therapies.
Nunc Cell-Culture Treated Dishes and Plates
- Multi-well plates with the Nunclon Delta surface treatment (proprietary energy source, not coating) for more hydrophilic surface and better cell attachment
- Tested with at least four cell lines
BenchStable Cell Culture Media
- Enable storage at room temperature for flexibility and convenience
- Available in commonly used basal media formulations
- High quality and consistency for results you can rely on
- Tested for up to 90 quality specifications, including 9 CFR virus testing, endotoxin, and performance
- Consistent reliability, service, value, and innovation since 1962
- Gentle, convenient
- Animal origin-free
- Inhibition by dilution (no inhibitors needed)
Option 1: Sanger sequencing with the SeqScreener Gene Edit Confirmation app
Applied Biosystems™ SeqStudio™ Flex Genetic Analyzers
SeqStudio ™ Flex genetic analyzers deliver the high level of Sanger sequencing data quality and reliable performance.
Applied Biosystems ™ BigDye™ Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kits
BigDye™ family of reagents provides quality results, long read lengths, and optimal base calling for a multitude of Sanger sequencing applications.
Applied Biosystems™ SeqScreener Gene Edit Confirmation App
SeqScreener Gene Edit Confirmation App (SGC) is a free and user-friendly software to determine the range and frequency of mutations generated in CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.
Option 2: Next Generation sequencing
Ion GeneStudio™ S5 System
Genome edits in a primary pool can be analyzed by NGS with the Ion Torrent Gene Studio Sequencer. The Ion GeneStudio S5 system is a scalable, targeted-NGS workhorse with wide application breadth and throughput capability.
Ion Sequencing Chip and Kits
Together with Ion Ampliseq technology and Ion Chef for target selection, the Ion GeneStudio sequencing reagents and consumables can allow scalability in your sample tracking and sequencing.
Free tools & services
Gene editing learning center
Explore free downloads, online tutorials, and scientific webinars to maximize your success with CRISPR and TALEN applications!
Learn More
CRISPR validated protocols
Step-by-step CRISPR protocols have been optimized for across a broad range of cell types and gene targets.
Learn More
CRISPR genome editing brochure
Complete cell engineering solutions.
Learn More
CRISPR genome editing resource guide
Complete cell engineering solution from start to discovery.
Learn More
Genome editing white paper
Investigate genomic tools including sequencing, fragment analysis, and other genetic analysis methods for determining the efficiency and accuracy of CRISPR/Cas9 gene edits.
Learn More
Gene editing confirmation brochure
Download the Gene editing confirmation brochure to learn the Gene editing detection and Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis solutions for confirmation, each with particular strengths, that can be used to evaluate genome editing efficiency
Learn More
- Featured new products
- Hot workflow solutions
- Free tools & services
Featured new products
SeqStudio™ Flex Genetic Analyzers
The Applied Biosystems SeqStudio Flex Series genetic analyzers deliver the high level of Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis data quality and reliable performance that scientists need, while leveraging design improvements and technological advances for increased flexibility, easier operation, enhanced connectivity, and remote serviceability.
- Schedule Flexibility: Four-plate capacity, continuous plate loading, and urgent sample reprioritization.
- Ease of use: Easier capillary array installation, streamlined one-button start up, autocalibration, integrated touchscreen computer with intuitive software.
- Advanced communications and connectivity: Remote setup, monitoring, and data transfer; voice commands; Smart Help and Remote Support capabilities
The Applied Biosystems SeqStudio Genetic Analyzer is a low-throughput, easy-to-use, and convenient benchtop system that delivers gold-standard Sanger sequencing technology and fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis with a simple click. Just load your samples, click in the innovative all-in-one cartridge, and go.
- Innovative all-in-one cartridge: Just load your samples, insert the cartridge, and go— no need for technical experts for set-up or maintenance
- Optimized end-to-end workflow: Single polymer system allows for Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis samples to be run on the same plate in the same workflow
- Touchscreen usability: The intuitive touchscreen interface simplifies plate, sample, and run setup and displays results
Smart Deep™ Basecaller Software
The Applied Biosystems™ Smart Deep™ Basecaller Software is an innovative new basecalling algorithm that allows you to obtain improved Sanger sequencing output with reduced manual review time. The Smart Deep Basecaller is available for use in Applied Biosystems™ DNA Sequencing Analysis Software v8.
Compared to KB Basecaller, Smart Deep Basecaller provides:
- Increased read lengths — more high quality basecalls at 5’ and 3’ ends
- More accurate pure and mixed base calls
- Improved basecalling accuracy through artifacts such as dye blobs, N-1 peaks, and mobility shifts and difficult sequences such as GC-rich templates
- New functionality to support basecalling through heterozygous insertion deletion (het indel) variants
- Reduced manual review time — fewer edits and fewer false positives
Platinum SuperFi II DNA Polymerase
Invitrogen Platinum SuperFi II DNA Polymerase is a hot-start, engineered proofreading DNA polymerase, providing superior fidelity and specificity to your PCR.
- Exceptional accuracy—Higher than 300x Taq fidelity as determined by next-generation sequencing
- Simplified workflow—Buffer formulated for primer annealing at 60°C (no need for a Tm calculator)
- Increased PCR success—Robust amplification of GC-rich targets, DNA of suboptimal purity, and long sequences
- Enabled automation—High specificity and benchtop stability for 24 hours after reaction setup, enabled by Invitrogen Platinum hot-start technology
- Reduced pipetting—Master mix options available with or without direct gel-loading dyes
PCR Tubes, Plates & Accessories
MicroAmp 96-Well Plates, 384-Well Plates, PCR Tubes, PCR Strip Tubes, and Adhesive Films
Applied Biosystems MicroAmp plastics consumables offer excellent PCR or qPCR performance in formats developed to meet your experimental needs. All of our plastics consumables are validated with Applied Biosystems instruments for optimal fit and performance.
The ProFlex system combines the reliability and performance you’ve come to expect from Applied Biosystems instruments with the flexible configuration and control features that adapt to your research needs.
- Interchangeable blocks for high throughput PCR or simultaneous experiments
- Access the system remotely (and conveniently) through a mobile app
- Program the instrument in seconds with a simple-to-use touchscreen interface
- Simulate old instrument with Thermal Simulation modes
- Optimize PCR quickly and efficiently with better-than-gradient VeriFlex blocks
Research solutions
- Step 1
PCR Amplification - Step 2
PCR cleanup - Step 3
Cycle sequencing - Step 4
Sequencing cleanup - Step 5
Sequencing analysis
Step 1: PCR Amplification
PCR consists of heating and cooling cycles (thermal cycling) for DNA amplification. Therefore, the success or failure of a PCR reaction may depend on selecting the right thermal cycler (which provides flexibility and performance), PCR plastics (which holds the reaction) and PCR polymerase (for high fidelity).
Thermal Cycler
Choosing the right thermal cycler (also known as a thermocycler or PCR machine) is key to the success of your PCR experiments across many applications, including sequencing, genotyping, cloning, and mutagenesis. Applied Biosystems thermal cyclers help generate precise, consistent, reproducible results for every challenge and experiment.
- Interchangeable blocks for high throughput PCR or simultaneous experiments
- Access the system remotely (and conveniently) through a mobile app
- Program the instrument in seconds with a simple-to-use touchscreen interface
- Simulate old instrument with Thermal Simulation modes
- Optimize PCR quickly and efficiently with better-than-gradient VeriFlex blocks
DNA Polymerase
Choose the right PCR enzymes for your applications, with the flexibility needed to perform your experiments. Invitrogen Platinum SuperFi II DNA Polymerase is a hot-start, engineered proofreading DNA polymerase, providing superior fidelity and specificity to your PCR. With >300x Taq fidelity and buffer specially formulated for primer annealing at 60°C.
Platinum SuperFi II DNA Polymerase
- Exceptional accuracy — Higher than 300x Taq fidelity as determined by next-generation sequencing
- Simplified workflow — Buffer formulated for primer annealing at 60°C (no need for a Tm calculator)
- Increased PCR success — Robust amplification of GC-rich targets, DNA of suboptimal purity, and long sequences
- Enabled automation — High specificity and benchtop stability for 24 hours after reaction setup, enabled by Invitrogen Platinum hot-start technology
- Reduced pipetting — Master mix options available with or without direct gel-loading dyes
PCR Plastics
Primer Design
Primer Designer Tool for PCR & Sanger Sequencing Use our online Invitrogen™ Primer Designer™ Tool to search for the right PCR/Sanger sequencing primer pair from a database of ~650,000 predesigned primer pairs for resequencing the human exome and human mitochondrial genome. Choose from different amplicon lengths to accommodate various research applications and biological sample types.
Step 2: PCR cleanup
It is necessary to remove excess primers and unincorporated nucleotides from the PCR reaction prior to sequencing. An enzymatic cleanup method offers precision and speed over technologies such as spin columns or beads. ExoSAP-IT Express reagent is used to remove excess primers and dNTPs from a PCR mixture with no interference in downstream applications.
ExoSAP-IT Express reagent: fastest PCR cleanup method
The Applied Biosystems ExoSAP-IT Express reagent offers rapid turnaround times and improved efficiency of resource use while delivering the same superior cleanup as the original ExoSAP-IT reagent.
Step 3: Cycle sequencing
The Applied Biosystems™ BigDye™ Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit has robust, highly flexible chemistry for de novo sequencing, resequencing, and finishing with PCR product, plasmid, fosmid, and BAC templates.
BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit
- Improve the quality of your results for a wide range of sequencing applications
- Optimized for long read lengths
- Improved performance reading through GT-rich regions
- Get longer, higher-quality reads with more uniform peak heights and optimal signal balance
Step 4: Sequencing cleanup
Correctly cleaning up your sequencing reactions is an integral part of the Sanger sequencing workflow. If the sequencing reaction cleanup step is skipped or not performed properly, the residual dye in the reaction can compete with the labeled amplicons for entry into the capillary and can cause reduced signal intensity, which can interfere with the instrument’s ability to make clear base calls. As a result, the data generated will be of poor quality.
BigDye XTerminator Purification Kit
The BigDye XTerminator™ Purification Kit is a fast, simple purification method for DNA sequencing reactions that removes unincorporated BigDye™ terminators and salts. No more dye blobs! Cleanup is complete in under 40 minutes and requires less than 10 minutes of labor.
Step 5: Sequencing analysis
Capillary electrophoresis
Capillary electrophoresis using a denaturing flowable polymer has largely replaced the use of gel separation techniques due to significant gains in workflow, throughput, and ease of use. Fluorescently labeled DNA fragments are separated according to molecular weight. Because you do not need to pour gels with capillary electrophoresis, you can automate DNA sequence analysis more easily and process more samples at once.
Data analysis
Data analysis software processes the raw data in the AB1 file using algorithms and applies analysis settings. Analyzed sample data are displayed as an electropherogram, a sequence of peaks in four colors. Each color represents the base called for that peak.
Free tools & services
Seq it out video series
Get bite-sized answers to your everyday Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis questions
Learn More
Sanger sequencing workflow brochure
Application guide
- Featured new products
- Hot workflow solutions
- Free tools & services
Featured new products
Add markers with minimal impact to compensation
- NovaFluor™ dyes for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry
NovaFluor dyes are designed with narrow excitation for minimal cross-laser excitation for spectral and traditional flow cytometry to deliver high resolution. NovaFluor dyes are built using Phiton technology. This is a macrostructure labeled with small-molecule fluorophores. Unique fluorescent signatures are created to avoid cross-excitation between laser lines, a common problem with conventional labels, while the excitation/emission profiles are designed to avoid spectral spill over into other channels.
Process for generating a Phiton-labeled antibody. Fluorophore brightness can be engineered for precise separation index values. Phiton conjugation to an antibody allows 1:1 labeling for quantitative measurement.
Benefits to adding NovaFluor dyes include:
- Easy to add to existing panels, compatible in all sized panels for conventional and spectral flow cytometry
- Designed for minimal cross-laser excitation, minimal impact to compensation and decreased spillover spread for higher resolution
- Narrow excitation spectra enable more fluorophores per panel
- Unique spectral signatures for spectral flow cytometry
- Stable dyes that can be stored long-term without losing fluorescence as compared to tandem dyes
Bigfoot Spectral Cell Sorter
- High-throughput, high-parameter cell sorting with integrated biocontainment - Bigfoot Spectral Cell Sorter
- High-end configurations - up to nine lasers and 60 detectors, providing the versatility for both standard fluorescence detection and spectral unmixing.
- High performance & throughput - sort rates exceeding 70,000 events per second (eps) and analysis rates of more than 100,000 eps; capable of 6-way sorting into tubes, 4-way sorting into 96-well plates, 8-way sorting into 384-well plates, or straight down sorting into 1536-well plates; virtual 18-way sorting allows researchers to separate multiple populations from a single sample or different samples.
- Integrated biocontainment and aerosol management
- Choice of conventional compensation or spectral analysis
- Automated and wizard driven software for ease of use - allow operators with all levels of knowledge to use and control the system with confidence
- Flexibility to support a range of cell types and applications - sampling from six input positions that automatically detect the tube size (1.5, 5, or 15 mL) based on the adapter used.
Invitrogen™ Attune CytPix Flow Cytometer
- Imaging-enhanced flow cytometer, for simultaneous morphology and flow data analysis - Invitrogen™ Attune CytPix Flow Cytometer
- Efficient - acoustic focusing can run 10x faster than conventional cytometers
- Flexible - up to 4 lasers and 16 detection channels
- Transformative - Reduce clogging from difficult samples
- Brightfield imaging - capture up to 6,000 images per second
- Simplify sample preparation - no lyse, no wash, with no centrifugation to minimize cell loss, and significantly reduce time.
CountBright™ Plus Ready Tubes
- Lyophilised beads for accurate and reproducible quantitative flow cytometry - CountBright™ Plus Ready Tubes
- Ease of use – lyophilized for extended benchtop shelf life
- Accuracy - Reproducible and consistent results (~50K beads per tube)
- Versatility - UV to NIR excitation and emission maximizing flow cytometry capabilities
Best practices for intracellular flow cytometry
The ability to stain and detect intracellular molecules opens the door to identify distinct cell subsets as well as further characterize cell populations. Our resources, tools and products help you save time and effort and increase your efficiency when designing your flow cytometry experiments.
- Step 1
Sample preparation - Step 2
Immunophenotyping with antibodies - Step 3
Buffer selection - Step 4
Cell Health dyes - Step 5
Experimental Controls
Step 1: Sample preparation
eBioscience™ 10X RBC Lysis Buffer (Multi-species)
Catalog number: 00-4300-54
Contains ammonium chloride, which lyses red blood cells with a minimal effect on lymphocytes when used as instructed. This buffer can be used for lysis of erythrocytes in single-cell suspensions of peripheral blood and hematopoietic tissues from human, mouse, rat, canine, and non-human primate.
Accutase - Enzyme Cell Detachment Medium
Catalog number: 00-4555-56
Can detach cells for flow cytometry analysis in a mild way. Accutase has been shown effective on: fibroblasts, keratinocytes, vascular endothelial cells, hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatocyte progenitors, etc.
Cell Isolation Using Biotinylated Antibodies
- Any cell type — Use any biotinylated antibody
- Any species — Human, mouse, rat, non-human primates
- Any sample — Whole blood, bone marrow, tissue digests, spleen
- Any application — Cells are ideal for culture, stimulation, DNA/ RNA or protein purification, flow cytometry
Step 2: Immunophenotyping with antibodies
NovaFluor™ dyes for immunophenotyping
NovaFluor™ dyes are designed for more resolution with narrow emission spectra and minimal cross-laser excitation. Lower spectral spillover or overlap lessens the need for compensation, decreases spreading error, and increases opportunities to add new markers. This aids in construction of flow cytometry panels with increased resolution while expanding the overall size of panels.
- Unique spectral signatures
- Designed with narrow emissions and minimal cross-laser excitation
- Decreased spillover spread for higher resolution
- Stable dyes that can be stored long-term without losing fluorescence as compared to tandem dyes
- Easy to add to existing panels
Immunophenotyping with flow cytometry antibodies
A multicolor flow cytometry panel uses two or more primary conjugated antibodies to identify single cells by detecting multiple antigens. The goal of the panel is to get the maximum signal for effective visualization of cell populations.
- Efficiently build a simple or complex panel with Flow Cytometry Panel Builder online tool.
- Our free Panel Design Service connects you to a team of scientists that will provide you with specialized expert support when building or optimizing your multicolor panel.
- Expand your panel with our wide range of fluorophores for both traditional and spectral analysis.
Brilliant Ultra Violet™ (BUV) conjugated antibodies
BUV dyes use polymer technology to absorb energy and emit light signal. By incorporating BUV dyes in their experiments, scientists can take advantage of a broader range of instrument lasers and channels—including UV—to help reduce compensation necessary in panels with multiple conjugated antibodies. Super Bright dyes and Brilliant Violet™ dyes use similar polymer technologies.
Step 3: Buffer selection
Flow cytometry buffers for sample preparation
Sample preparation is an important step for obtaining statistical value from flow cytometry experiments. Sample preparation reagents for flow cytometry include cell surface staining, intracellular and transcription factor staining buffer sets, cell lysis assays, blocking reagents and magnetic cell isolation beads. Benefits of using these buffers include the following:
- Retains inherent biological characteristics
- Reduce background staining
- Quicker and easier preparation with optimized kits
| Cytoplasmic staining | Nuclear staining | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| eBioscience™ Intracellular Fixation & Permeabilization Buffer Set | FIX & PERM™ Cell Fixation & Cell Permeabilization Kit | eBioscience™ Foxp3 / Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set | |
| Use |
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|
| Contents |
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| Size | 1 kit | 50 tests | 1 kit |
| Cat. No. | 88-8824-00 | GAS003 | 00-5523-00 |
| Regulatory status | RUO–For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures. | GPR–General Purpose Reagent. | |
| When to use | For use in research only (i.e. research on any sample type). | For use in general laboratory application, that is used to collect, prepare, and examine specimens from the human body for diagnostic purposes. | |
Step 4: Cell Health dyes
Save time and avoid inaccurate analysis of your cell population by removing dead cells and unwanted artifacts efficiently with the Invitrogen LIVE/DEAD Fixable Dead Cell Stains. The Invitrogen LIVE/DEAD Fixable Viability Dyes are fixable viability dyes that help to ensure accurate assessment of cell viability in samples after fixation and/or permeabilization.
- Flexible - 14 different LIVE/DEAD dyes to choose
- Robust - clear distinction of live and dead cells is preserved for up to 30 days after fixation
- Simple - fit into almost any staining and immunophenotyping protocol
- Unique - 14 novel spectral signatures
- Most assays can be used across multiple detection platforms including fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and microplate readers.
- Each assay contains a specially designed reagent that determines viability based on cellular membrane integrity (membrane integrity dyes), cellular function such as enzymatic activity (enzyme activity substrates), or metabolic activity (metabolic activity reagents). Each viability reagent provides a single-parameter readout on whether cells are living or dead.
- Multi-parameter assays are also available (cell viability kits) and provide the ability to detect multiple measures of cell health.
- These viability kits allow for simultaneous detection of live, dead, and damaged/dying cells. Cell viability kits help provide more context of cellular changes than a single-parameter readout.
Fixable Viability Dyes for Flow Cytometry
- Easily, reliably and quantitatively analyze live and dead cells within minutes
- The ability to stain live cells with a viability dye and preserve that staining pattern after fixation is critical for intracellular immunophenotyping. Exclusion of the dead cells from the data allows cleaner separation and identification of cell populations.
- The Invitrogen LIVE/DEAD Fixable Viability Dyes are fixable viability dyes that help to ensure accurate assessment of cell viability in samples after fixation and/or permeabilization.
Step 5: Experimental Controls
Staining intracellular targets for flow cytometry requires the use of multiple antibodies that often have overlapping fluorescence emission spectra. The emission spillover must be compensated for correctly in order to ensure that the fluorescent signal being measured is due to the fluorochrome of interest and thus the cell population of interest.
UltraComp eBeads™ Plus Compensation Beads
Catalog number: 01-3333-42
Advantages of UltraComp eBeads Plus microspheres:
- Optimized for the violet laser with added compensation resolution for Super Bright Polymer Dyes and Brilliant Violet Dyes
- Supplied in a single vial—one drop contains both antibody-coated positive and uncoated negative beads
- Suitable for multiple species: human, rabbit, hamster, mouse, and rat
- used in compensation with all fluorochromes excited by ultraviolet (355 nm) violet (405 nm), blue (488 nm), green (532 nm), yellow-green (561 nm), and red (633-640 nm) lasers
- Recognizes both kappa and lambda chains
Free tools & services
Flow cytometry panel builder & free panel design service
Flow cytometry protocol handbook
Spectral flow cytometry resources
- Featured new products
- Hot workflow solutions
- Free tools & services
Featured new products
Slide-A-Lyzer™ MINI Dialysis Devices
Thermo Scientific™ Slide-A-Lyzer™ MINI Dialysis Devices have a unique cup-like design and are available in 0.1, 0.5, and 2 mL capacities.
Zeba spin desalting columns
Zeba desalting spin columns
Thermo Scientific Zeba Desalting Spin Columns are widely used in various research applications that involve the separation of proteins, DNA, and macromolecules from soluble low molecular weight substances (e.g., salts) that may adversely impact the stability of the analytes or interfere with downstream applications. Zeba Desalting Spin Columns are also used in protein solution buffer exchange protocols for the generation of more appropriate buffers before subsequent applications such as western blotting, immunoprecipitation, activity assays, and mass spectrometry.
High protein recovery. More than 95% retention (removal) of salts & other small molecules. No fraction screening or waiting for protein to emerge by gravity flow. Cost effective.
- High performance — proprietary resin provides excellent protein recovery and efficient contaminant removal
- Flexible — available in spin columns, filter spin plates and cartridges for a range of needs
- Fast — no fraction screening or waiting for protein to emerge by gravity flow
Pierce protein concentrators
Retain less than 90% of protein samples while removing contaminants or exchanging buffers. Perform sample concentration, diafiltration, or buffer-exchange of biological samples.
Qubit 4 Fluorometer and Qubit Protein assays
Qubit Fluorometers detect fluorescent dyes specifically bound to the target molecule. The Qubit Protein Assay Kits are designed to make protein quantification easy and accurate. Addressing overlapping concentration ranges, the two kits together are accurate for initial sample concentrations from 12.5 μg/mL to 20 mg/mL and exhibit low protein-to-protein variation. Qubit protein assays are easy to perform and require only 10–15 minutes of room temperature incubation, eliminating long incubation periods or exposure to elevated temperatures.
PureLink Expi Endotoxin-Free Plasmid Purification Kit
Advantages of the kit include:
- Substantial time savings — no waiting for gravity-flow columns; purify endotoxin-free plasmid DNA in as little as 90 min (maxiprep) and 2 hr (megaprep and gigaprep)
- High yields — isolate up to 1.5 mg (maxiprep), 5 mg (megaprep), or 15 mg (gigaprep) of high-quality plasmid DNA
- Endotoxin-free DNA — obtain plasmid with less than 0.1 EU/µg, ideal for sensitive applications such as transfection of primary cells and research on gene therapy or plasmid vaccines
DynaGreen™ Protein A Magnetic Beads
High-performance magnetic bead for immunoprecipitation
- Reproducible, high yield and purity direct and indirect immunoprecipitation
- Tunable protocols for western blotting and mass spectrometry
- Sustainable and holistic product design with energy efficient manufacturing, recyclable packaging, and non-microplastic magnetic bead core
- ACT labeled — third-party verification of environmental impacts
- Fast automation workflow on the Thermo Scientific KingFisher system—40 min from the press of a button to a finished sample preparation
- Step 1
Protein Expression - Step 2
Protein Sample extraction - Step 3
Sample cleanup and enrichment - Step 4
Quantify - Step 5
Analysis
Step 1: Protein Expression
Recombinant protein expression technology enables analysis of gene regulation and protein structure and function. Utilization of recombinant protein expression varies widely—from investigation of function in vivo to large-scale production for structural studies and biotherapeutic drug discovery.
Typical protein expression workflow
Figure 1.2. A typical protein expression workflow
Gibco Protein Expression System Tool
Find the protein expression products that are right for your research work
Protein expression system product selection interactive tool ›
The ExpiCHO™ Expression System offers:
- Milligram to multigram yields of recombinant protein per liter of culture in 5 to 14 days post-transfection, which are frequently higher than transient 293-based systems
- Cost-effective transient expression in CHO cells, allowing scientists developing protein biotherapeutics to work with CHO-expressed proteins from start to finish in the drug development process
- A robust alternative mammalian transient expression host, allowing for production of proteins that are difficult to express in HEK293 cells
- Flexible, reliable culture and transfection protocols with multiple options that readily fit into current transient expression workflows
- Scalable expression for cultures from <1 mL to >10 L, thus generating the amount of protein needed for your application
Expi293™ Expression System Kit
The Expi293 Expression System features:
- Up to 1 g/L of protein; 2- to 10-fold higher protein yields than previous generation transient expression systems such as the FreeStyle 293 Expression System
- Rapid production of recombinant proteins in 5–7 days
- High density cultures of Expi293F cells that result in more expressing cells per milliliter of culture
- Native folding and mammalian post-translational modifications of expressed proteins
- Easy, robust culture and transfection protocols
- Scalable expression from <1 mL to >10 L
ExpiSf™ Expression System Starter Kit
The ExpiSf Expression System offers:
- A chemically defined, yeastolate-free, animal origin-free medium for consistent cell growth and protein expression
- Integrated components that work in concert to deliver three times higher protein yields compared to traditional insect expression platforms
- Robust production of high-titer, high-quality P0 recombinant baculovirus in suspension culture format without the need for further virus amplification
- A fast, simplified workflow that allows you to obtain protein in as little as 6–10 days; half the time of traditional protocols
- Scalable expression that can be applied to cultures from 24-deep well plates to >3 L shake flasks
Step 2: Protein Sample extraction
Because of the heterogeneity of proteins, there is no one method or reagent that is optimal for general protein isolation and purification. The first step in protein analysis is cellular extraction. Following lysis, and depending on the next step in the workflow, the protein extract may require further cleanup, using techniques such as dialysis, desalting, or concentration. After any cleanup procedure, the amount of protein in the sample should be determined using any one of numerous protein assays.
Step 3: Sample cleanup and enrichment
The first step in protein analysis is cellular extraction. Following lysis, and depending on the next step in the workflow, the protein extract may require further clean-up or enrichment during downstream processing, using techniques such as dialysis, desalting, concentration, or contaminant-specific removal.
Step 4: Quantify
Accurately quantifying total protein concentration is a key step in most experiments and workflows involving isolation, separation, and analysis of proteins by biochemical methods. The choice among available protein assays typically is based upon several factors, including its chemical compatibility with buffer components of the samples to be assayed. We offer a variety of assay reagents, kits and standards for protein quantitation by fluorescent or colorimetric detection with fluorometers, spectrophotometers, and plate readers.
Step 5: Analysis
Protein analysis is an integral part of any laboratory workflow involving protein extraction, purification, labeling, or analysis. Proteins in cell lysates or purified proteins are quantified to verify yield or normalize multiple samples for side-by-side comparison.
Free tools & services
Protein research handbook
The iWestern workflow
Protein clean-up technical handbook
Thermo Scientific Slide-A-Lyzer MINI dialysis devices video
Plasmid DNA isolation
Recommended Products
These products are recommended by our product experts based on relevance and popularity among customers in this region.- PCR & Cloning
- DNA Extraction & Lab Essentials
- DNA Polymerases
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- Analysis
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- RNA Extraction
- RNA Essentials
- RNA Integrity & Quality
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