Inhibitory mechanisms that generate centre and surround properties in ON and OFF brisk-sustained ganglion cells in the rabbit retina.
AuthorsBuldyrev I, Taylor WR,
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID23045347
Lateral inhibition produces the centre-surround organization of retinal receptive fields, in which inhibition driven by the mean luminance enhances the sensitivity of ganglion cells to spatial and temporal contrast. Surround inhibition is generated in both synaptic layers; however, the synaptic mechanisms within the inner plexiform layer are not well characterized ... More
Site-specific modification of AAV vector particles with biophysical probes and targeting ligands using biotin ligase.
AuthorsStachler MD, Chen I, Ting AY, Bartlett JS,
JournalMol Ther
PubMed ID18560418
'We have developed a highly specific and robust new method for labeling adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector particles with either biophysical probes or targeting ligands. Our approach uses the Escherichia coli enzyme biotin ligase (BirA), which ligates biotin to a 15-amino-acid biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) in a sequence-specific manner. In this ... More
Altered connexin expression and wound healing in the epidermis of connexin-deficient mice.
AuthorsKretz M, Euwens C, Hombach S, Eckardt D, Teubner B, Traub O, Willecke K, Ott T
JournalJ Cell Sci
PubMed ID12840073
'To analyze the effect of connexin loss on the repair of wounded tail skin, we have studied the following transgenic mouse mutants: connexin30-/-, connexin31-/- and connexin43Cre-ER(T)/fl (for inducible deletion of the connexin43 coding region). Connexin43 and connexin31 are expressed in the basal and spinous layers of wild-type epidermis, whereas connexin31 ... More
Gap junctional communication in the early Xenopus embryo.
AuthorsLandesman Y, Goodenough DA, Paul DL
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10953017
'In the Xenopus embryo, blastomeres are joined by gap junctions that allow the movement of small molecules between neighboring cells. Previous studies using Lucifer yellow (LY) have reported asymmetries in the patterns of junctional communication suggesting involvement in dorso-ventral patterning. To explore that relationship, we systematically compared the transfer of ... More
Characterization of a synaptiform transmission between a neuron and a glial cell in the leech central nervous system.
AuthorsBritz FC, Lohr C, Schmidt J, Deitmer JW
JournalGlia
PubMed ID11968059
'The cross-talk between neurons and glial cells is receiving increased attention because of its potential role in information processing in nervous systems. Stimulation of a single identifiable neuron, the neurosecretory Leydig interneuron in segmental ganglia of the leech Hirudo medicinalis, which modulates specific behaviors in the leech, evokes membrane hyperpolarization ... More
Intracellular fluid flow in rapidly moving cells.
AuthorsKeren K, Yam PT, Kinkhabwala A, Mogilner A, Theriot JA,
JournalNat Cell Biol
PubMed ID19767741
'Cytosolic fluid dynamics have been implicated in cell motility because of the hydrodynamic forces they induce and because of their influence on transport of components of the actin machinery to the leading edge. To investigate the existence and the direction of fluid flow in rapidly moving cells, we introduced inert ... More
Quantitative analysis of gap-junctional intercellular communication in precision-cut mouse liver slices.
AuthorsRomualdi A, Niessen H, Dombrowski F, Willecke K, Ott T
JournalCell Tissue Res
PubMed ID11904767
'Direct intercellular communication through gap junction channels is involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and suppression of carcinogenesis. Gap-junctional communication is often altered in tumor cells but it can also be modulated in response to tumor promotors or inflammatory signals. In order to evaluate the effect of nongenotoxic compounds, ... More
Long-term stimulation of mouse hippocampal slice culture on microelectrode array.
Authorsvan Bergen A, Papanikolaou T, Schuker A, Möller A, Schlosshauer B
JournalBrain Res Brain Res Protoc
PubMed ID12738008
'To understand mechanisms of information processing, development and degeneration of the central nervous system, simultaneous multisite recording and stimulation have become extremely helpful. We have further developed the innovative approach to record from intact neural networks using planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with 60 substrate-integrated nano-columnar electrodes. To allow for long-term ... More
A novel role for MNTB neuron dendrites in regulating action potential amplitude and cell excitability during repetitive firing.
AuthorsLeão RN, Leão RM, da Costa LF, Rock Levinson S, Walmsley B,
JournalEur J Neurosci
PubMed ID18598256
'Principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) are simple round neurons that receive a large excitatory synapse (the calyx of Held) and many small inhibitory synapses on the soma. Strangely, these neurons also possess one or two short tufted dendrites, whose function is unknown. Here we ... More
Quantification of carbonylated proteins in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria using capillary sieving electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.
AuthorsFeng J, Arriaga EA,
JournalElectrophoresis
PubMed ID18064596
'Carbonyl-modified proteins are markers of oxidative damage. Here, we report a new method for detecting and quantifying carbonylated proteins by capillary sieving electrophoresis (CSE) with LIF detection (CSE-LIF). Alexa 488 hydrazide is used for the specific labeling of carbonyls while 3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ) is used for protein labeling. BSA subjected ... More
Functional localization of neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic inputs to mature neurons of the medial superior olive.
AuthorsCouchman K, Grothe B, Felmy F,
JournalJ Neurophysiol
PubMed ID22131383
'Neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO) code for the azimuthal location of low-frequency sound sources via a binaural coincidence detection system operating on microsecond time scales. These neurons are morphologically simple and stereotyped, and anatomical studies have indicated a functional segregation of excitatory and inhibitory inputs between cellular compartments. ... More
T-type Ca(2+) channels mediate neurotransmitter release in retinal bipolar cells.
AuthorsPan ZH, Hu HJ, Perring P, Andrade R
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID11604141
'Transmitter release in neurons is thought to be mediated exclusively by high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca(2+) channels. However, we now report that, in retinal bipolar cells, low-voltage-activated (LVA) Ca(2+) channels also mediate neurotransmitter release. Bipolar cells are specialized neurons that release neurotransmitter in response to graded depolarizations. Here we show that these ... More
Developmental profile and properties of sulforhodamine 101--Labeled glial cells in acute brain slices of rat hippocampus.
AuthorsKafitz KW, Meier SD, Stephan J, Rose CR,
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID18187203
'The reliable identification of astrocytes for physiological measurements was always time-consuming and difficult. Recently, the fluorescent dye sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) was reported to label cortical glial cells in vivo [Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Kerr JN, Helmchen F. Sulforhodamine 101 as a specific marker of astroglia in the neocortex in vivo. ... More
Oxidation-triggered release of fluorescent molecules or drugs from mesoporous Si microparticles.
AuthorsWu EC, Park JH, Park J, Segal E, Cunin F, Sailor MJ,
JournalACS Nano
PubMed ID19206408
'The fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 488 or the anticancer drug doxorubicin is attached to the surface and inner pore walls of mesoporous Si particles by covalent attachment, and the oxidation-induced release of each molecule is studied. The molecules are bound to the Si matrix using a 10-undecenoic acid linker, which ... More
Luteinizing hormone causes MAP kinase-dependent phosphorylation and closure of connexin 43 gap junctions in mouse ovarian follicles: one of two paths to meiotic resumption.
AuthorsNorris RP, Freudzon M, Mehlmann LM, Cowan AE, Simon AM, Paul DL, Lampe PD, Jaffe LA,
JournalDevelopment
PubMed ID18776144
'Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts on ovarian follicles to reinitiate meiosis in prophase-arrested mammalian oocytes, and this has been proposed to occur by interruption of a meioisis-inhibitory signal that is transmitted through gap junctions into the oocyte from the somatic cells that surround it. To investigate this idea, we microinjected fluorescent ... More
Saposin C is required for lipid presentation by human CD1b.
AuthorsWinau F, Schwierzeck V, Hurwitz R, Remmel N, Sieling PA, Modlin RL, Porcelli SA, Brinkmann V, Sugita M, Sandhoff K, Kaufmann SH, Schaible UE
JournalNat Immunol
PubMed ID14716313
'Lipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are presented through CD1 proteins to T lymphocytes in humans, but the accessory molecules required for antigen loading and presentation remain unidentified. Here we show that fibroblasts deficient in sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) transfected with CD1b failed to activate lipid-specific T cells. However, the T cell ... More
Protein-heparin interactions measured by BIAcore 2000 are affected by the method of heparin immobilization.
AuthorsOsmond RI, Kett WC, Skett SE, Coombe DR
JournalAnal Biochem
PubMed ID12423639
'Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors such as the BIAcore 2000 are a useful tool for the analysis of protein-heparin interactions. Generally, biotinylated heparin is captured on a streptavidin-coated surface to create heparinized surfaces for subsequent binding analyses. In this study we investigated three commonly used techniques for the biotinylation of ... More
Bipolar cells use kainate and AMPA receptors to filter visual information into separate channels.
AuthorsDeVries SH
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID11163271
Unlike cone photoreceptors, whose light responses have a uniform time course, retinal ganglion cells are tuned to respond to different temporal components in a changing visual scene. The signals in a mammalian cone flow to three to five morphologically distinct "OFF" bipolar cells at a sign-conserving, glutamatergic synapse. By recording ... More
Transformation of olfactory representations in the Drosophila antennal lobe.
AuthorsWilson RI, Turner GC, Laurent G
JournalScience
PubMed ID14684826
Molecular genetics has revealed a precise stereotypy in the projection of primary olfactory sensory neurons onto secondary neurons. A major challenge is to understand how this mapping translates into odor responses in these second-order neurons. We investigated this question in Drosophila using whole-cell recordings in vivo. We observe that monomolecular ... More
Monitoring presynaptic calcium dynamics in projection fibers by in vivo loading of a novel calcium indicator.
AuthorsKreitzer AC, Gee KR, Archer EA, Regehr WG
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID10939328
Fluorometric calcium measurements have revealed presynaptic residual calcium (Ca(res)) to be an important regulator of synaptic strength. However, in the mammalian brain, it has not been possible to monitor Ca(res) in fibers that project from one brain region to another. Here, we label neuronal projections by injecting dextran-conjugated calcium indicators ... More
Mechanisms of quenching of Alexa fluorophores by natural amino acids.
Quenching of fluorophores by the same proteins that they covalently label is a phenomenon that is neither well-known nor well-characterized. It is often assumed that fluorophores are unperturbed by their target proteins. However, it has been observed that attached fluorophores can be quenched by contact with amino acids within the ... More
Hindered diffusion through an aqueous pore describes invariant dye selectivity of Cx43 junctions.
AuthorsHeyman NS, Burt JM,
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID17921206
The permselectivity (permeance/conductance) of Cx43-comprised gap junctions is a variable parameter of junctional function. To ascertain whether this variability in junctional permselectivity is explained by heterogeneous charge or size selectivity of the comprising channels, the permeance of individual Cx43 gap junctions to combinations of two dyes differing in either size ... More
Form and function of the M4 cell, an intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell type contributing to geniculocortical vision.
AuthorsEstevez ME, Fogerson PM, Ilardi MC, Borghuis BG, Chan E, Weng S, Auferkorte ON, Demb JB, Berson DM,
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID23015450
The photopigment melanopsin confers photosensitivity upon a minority of retinal output neurons. These intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are more diverse than once believed, comprising five morphologically distinct types, M1 through M5. Here, in mouse retina, we provide the first in-depth characterization of M4 cells, including their structure, function, ... More
Effects of axonal topology on the somatic modulation of synaptic outputs.
AuthorsSasaki T, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y,
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID22357869
Depolarization of the neuronal soma augments synaptic output onto postsynaptic neurons via long-range, axonal cable properties. Here, we report that the range of this somatic influence is spatially restricted by not only axonal path length but also a branching-dependent decrease in axon diameter. Cell-attached recordings of action potentials (APs) from ... More
eGFP Expression under UCHL1 Promoter Genetically Labels Corticospinal Motor Neurons and a Subpopulation of Degeneration-Resistant Spinal Motor Neurons in an ALS Mouse Model.
AuthorsYasvoina MV, Genç B, Jara JH, Sheets PL, Quinlan KA, Milosevic A, Shepherd GM, Heckman CJ, Ozdinler PH,
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID23637180
Understanding mechanisms that lead to selective motor neuron degeneration requires visualization and cellular identification of vulnerable neurons. Here we report generation and characterization of UCHL1-eGFP and hSOD1(G93A)-UeGFP mice, novel reporter lines for cortical and spinal motor neurons. Corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) and a subset of spinal motor neurons (SMN) are ... More
Tonic NMDA receptor-mediated current in prefrontal cortical pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons.
AuthorsPovysheva NV, Johnson JW,
JournalJ Neurophysiol
PubMed ID22236713
Tonically activated neuronal currents mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been hypothesized to contribute to normal neuronal function as well as to neuronal pathology resulting from excessive activation of glutamate receptors (e.g., excitotoxicity). Whereas cortical excitatory cells are very vulnerable to excitotoxic insult, the data regarding resistance of inhibitory cells ... More
Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity and input feature storage in neurons.
AuthorsLosonczy A, Makara JK, Magee JC,
JournalNature
PubMed ID18368112
Although information storage in the central nervous system is thought to be primarily mediated by various forms of synaptic plasticity, other mechanisms, such as modifications in membrane excitability, are available. Local dendritic spikes are nonlinear voltage events that are initiated within dendritic branches by spatially clustered and temporally synchronous synaptic ... More
Hierarchical connectivity and connection-specific dynamics in the corticospinal-corticostriatal microcircuit in mouse motor cortex.
AuthorsKiritani T, Wickersham IR, Seung HS, Shepherd GM,
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID22492054
The generation of purposive movement by mammals involves coordinated activity in the corticospinal and corticostriatal systems, which are involved in different aspects of motor control. In the motor cortex, corticospinal and corticostriatal neurons are closely intermingled, raising the question of whether and how information flows intracortically within and across these ... More
Dye-permeable, voltage-gated channel on mouse fungiform taste bud cells.
AuthorsTakeuchi K, Seto Y, Ohtubo Y, Yoshii K,
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID21167135
We show here the expression, permeability and pharmacology of a voltage-gated channel in certain taste bud cells (TBCs) which is known to be permeable to Lucifer Yellow CH (LY) and known to release ATP as a neurotransmitter in response to taste substances. LY dissolved in a 200 mM K(+)-containing solution ... More
Parameters underlying distinct T cell-dependent polysaccharide-specific IgG responses to an intact gram-positive bacterium versus a soluble conjugate vaccine.
AuthorsColino J, Chattopadhyay G, Sen G, Chen Q, Lees A, Canaday DH, Rubtsov A, Torres R, Snapper CM,
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID19570830
IgG anti-polysaccharide (PS) responses to both intact Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) and PS conjugate vaccines are dependent on CD4(+) T cells, B7-dependent costimulation, and CD40-CD40-ligand interactions. Nevertheless, the former response, in contrast to the latter, is mediated by an ICOS-independent, apoptosis-prone, extrafollicular pathway that fails to generate PS-specific memory. We show ... More
Determination of absolute protein numbers in single synapses by a GFP-based calibration technique.
AuthorsSugiyama Y, Kawabata I, Sobue K, Okabe S,
JournalNat Methods
PubMed ID16118638
To build a quantitative model of molecular organization of neurons, it is essential to have information about the number of protein molecules at individual synapses. Here we developed a method to estimate absolute numbers of individual proteins at actual excitatory synapses by calibrating the fluorescence intensity of microspheres with single ... More
Advantages and limitations of commonly used methods to assay the molecular permeability of gap junctional intercellular communication.
AuthorsAbbaci M, Barberi-Heyob M, Blondel W, Guillemin F, Didelon J,
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID18611167
The role of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in regulation of normal growth and differentiation is becoming increasingly recognized as a major cellular function. GJIC consists of intercellular exchange of low molecular weight molecules, and is the only means for direct contact between cytoplasms of adjacent animal cells. Disturbances of ... More
Light-directed electrical stimulation of neurons cultured on silicon wafers.
AuthorsStarovoytov A, Choi J, Seung HS
JournalJ Neurophysiol
PubMed ID15385589
Dissociated neurons cultured in vitro can serve as a model system for studying the dynamics of neural networks. Such studies depend on techniques for stimulating patterns of neural activity. We show a technique for extracellular stimulation of dissociated neurons cultured on silicon wafers. When the silicon surface is reverse biased, ... More
The spine neck filters membrane potentials.
AuthorsAraya R, Jiang J, Eisenthal KB, Yuste R
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID17093040
Dendritic spines receive most synaptic inputs in the forebrain. Their morphology, with a spine head isolated from the dendrite by a slender neck, indicates a potential role in isolating inputs. Indeed, biochemical compartmentalization occurs at spine heads because of the diffusional bottleneck created by the spine neck. Here we investigate ... More
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) labeled with Alexa 488 hydrazide as a novel probe for LPS binding studies.
AuthorsTriantafilou K, Triantafilou M, Fernandez N
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID11084617
BACKGROUND: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) comprises the outer cell wall of all gram-negative bacteria. It consists of an oligosaccharide core and lipid A. All LPS-induced biological responses are lipid A-dependent. Once released, LPS triggers a host systemic inflammatory response that leads to septic shock. Binding studies have helped to reveal some of ... More
Two phases of zymogen granule lifetime in mouse pancreas: ghost granules linger after exocytosis of contents.
AuthorsThorn P, Parker I
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID15637100
Different cell types show widely divergent mechanisms and kinetics of exocytosis. We investigated these processes in pancreatic acinar cells by using video-rate 2-photon microscopy to image entry of extracellular dye into individual zymogen granules undergoing exocytosis. Fluorescence signals display two distinct phases; an initial peak that then decays over several ... More
Detecting and quantifying colocalization of cell surface molecules by single particle fluorescence imaging.
AuthorsMorrison IE, Karakikes I, Barber RE, Fernández N, Cherry RJ
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID14645098
Single particle fluorescence imaging (SPFI) uses the high sensitivity of fluorescence to visualize individual molecules that have been selectively labeled with small fluorescent particles. The positions of particles are determined by fitting the intensity profile of their images to a 2-D Gaussian function. We have exploited the positional information obtained ... More
Folding of A+U-rich RNA elements modulates AUF1 binding. Potential roles in regulation of mRNA turnover.
AuthorsWilson GM, Sutphen K, Chuang Ky Brewer G
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11124962
In mammals, A+U-rich elements (AREs) are potent cis-acting determinants of rapid cytoplasmic mRNA turnover. Recognition of these sequences by AUF1 is associated with acceleration of mRNA decay, likely involving recruitment or assembly of multi-subunit trans-acting complexes. Previously, we demonstrated that AUF1 deletion mutants formed tetramers on U-rich RNA substrates by ... More
Fluid-phase endocytosis does not contribute to rapid fluid secretion in the malpighian tubules of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus.
AuthorsHazelton SR, Spring JH, Felgenhauer BE
JournalJ Exp Zool
PubMed ID11754017
When the Malpighian tubules (Mt) of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) are treated with dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP; 1 mM), which causes a doubling in secretion rate, more than 50% of the cell volume is occupied by vesicles within 420 sec of exposure. In view of the fact ... More
Quantitative comparisons of corticothalamic topography within the ventrobasal complex and the posterior nucleus of the rodent thalamus.
AuthorsAlloway KD, Hoffer ZS, Hoover JE
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID12644264
To compare the topographic precision of corticothalamic projections to the ventrobasal (VB) complex and the medial part of the posterior (POm) complex, different anterograde tracers were placed in neighboring parts of the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortical areas. The location of labeled corticothalamic terminals and their beaded varicosities ... More
The permeability of gap junction channels to probes of different size is dependent on connexin composition and permeant-pore affinities.
Gap junctions have traditionally been characterized as nonspecific pores between cells passing molecules up to 1 kDa in molecular mass. Nonetheless, it has become increasingly evident that different members of the connexin (Cx) family mediate quite distinct physiological processes and are often not interchangeable. Consistent with this observation, differences in ... More
A transient diffusion model yields unitary gap junctional permeabilities from images of cell-to-cell fluorescent dye transfer between Xenopus oocytes.
As ubiquitous conduits for intercellular transport and communication, gap junctional pores have been the subject of numerous investigations aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying permeability and selectivity. Dye transfer studies provide a broadly useful means of detecting coupling and assessing these properties. However, given evidence for selective permeability of ... More
Dendritic compartmentalization of chloride cotransporters underlies directional responses of starburst amacrine cells in retina.
AuthorsGavrikov KE, Nilson JE, Dmitriev AV, Zucker CL, Mangel SC
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID17124178
The mechanisms in the retina that generate light responses selective for the direction of image motion remain unresolved. Recent evidence indicates that directionally selective light responses occur first in the retina in the dendrites of an interneuron, i.e., the starburst amacrine cell, and that these responses are highly sensitive to ... More
Conductance and permeability of the residual state of connexin43 gap junction channels.
AuthorsBukauskas FF, Bukauskiene A, Verselis VK
JournalJ Gen Physiol
PubMed ID11815667
We used cell lines expressing wild-type connexin43 and connexin43 fused with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (Cx43-EGFP) to examine conductance and perm-selectivity of the residual state of Cx43 homotypic and Cx43/Cx43-EGFP heterotypic gap junction channels. Each hemichannel in Cx43 cell-cell channel possesses two gates: a fast gate that closes channels ... More
Quality control procedures for dose-response curve generation using nanoliter dispense technologies.
AuthorsQuintero C, Rosenstein C, Hughes B, Middleton R, Kariv I
JournalJ Biomol Screen
PubMed ID17517899
With the advancement of high-throughput biomolecular screening techniques to the lead optimization stage, there is a critical need to quality control (QC) dose-response curves generated by robotic liquid handlers to ensure accurate affinity determinations. One challenge in evaluating the performance of liquid handlers is identifying and validating a robust method ... More
Permeability and gating properties of human connexins 26 and 30 expressed in HeLa cells.
AuthorsBeltramello M, Bicego M, Piazza V, Ciubotaru CD, Mammano F, D'Andrea P
JournalBiochem Biophys Res Commun
PubMed ID12767933
Human connexins 26 and 30 were expressed either through the bicistronic pIRES-EGFP expression vector or as EYFP-tagged chimeras. When transiently transfected in communication-incompetent HeLa cells, hCx26-pIRES transfectants were permeable to dyes up to 622 Da, but were significantly less permeable to 759 Da molecules. Under the same conditions, permeability of ... More
Mutation of a conserved threonine in the third transmembrane helix of alpha- and beta-connexins creates a dominant-negative closed gap junction channel.
AuthorsBeahm DL, Oshima A, Gaietta GM, Hand GM, Smock AE, Zucker SN, Toloue MM, Chandrasekhar A, Nicholson BJ, Sosinsky GE
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16407179
Single site mutations in connexins have provided insights about the influence specific amino acids have on gap junction synthesis, assembly, trafficking, and functionality. We have discovered a single point mutation that eliminates functionality without interfering with gap junction formation. The mutation occurs at a threonine residue located near the cytoplasmic ... More
Endocannabinoid-independent retrograde signaling at inhibitory synapses in layer 2/3 of neocortex: involvement of vesicular glutamate transporter 3.
Recent studies implicate dendritic endocannabinoid release from subsynaptic dendrites and subsequent inhibition of neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals as a means of retrograde signaling in multiple brain regions. Here we show that type 1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated endocannabinoid signaling is not involved in the retrograde control of synaptic efficacy at inhibitory ... More
Intracellular pathways regulating ciliary beating of rat brain ependymal cells.
AuthorsNguyen T, Chin WC, O'Brien JA, Verdugo P, Berger AJ
JournalJ Physiol
PubMed ID11179397
1. The mammalian brain ventricles are lined with ciliated ependymal cells. As yet little is known about the mechanisms by which neurotransmitters regulate cilia beat frequency (CBF). 2. Application of 5-HT to ependymal cells in cultured rat brainstem slices caused CBF to increase. 5-HT had an EC50 of 30 microM ... More
Calcium influx into dendrites of the leech Retzius neuron evoked by 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AuthorsBeck A, Lohr C, Berthold H, Deitmer JW
JournalCell Calcium
PubMed ID12027387
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a ubiquitous neurotransmitter and neuromodulator that affects neural circuits and behaviours in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, we have investigated 5-HT-induced Ca(2+) transients in subcellular compartments of Retzius neurons in the leech central nervous system using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and studied the effect of ... More