The transmembrane subunits of viral envelope proteins are thought to perform all of the functions required for membrane fusion during entry of enveloped viruses. However, changes in a conserved SPHQ motif near the N terminus of the receptor binding subunit of a murine leukemia virus (MLV) envelope protein block infection ... More
Intercellular spreading of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in primary gingival epithelial cells.
AuthorsYilmaz O, Verbeke P, Lamont RJ, Ojcius DM
JournalInfect Immun
PubMed ID16369027
'Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, is an effective colonizer of oral tissues. The organism successfully invades, multiplies in, and survives for extended periods in primary gingival epithelial cells (GECs). It is unknown whether P. gingivalis resides in the cytoplasm of infected cells throughout the infection or can spread to ... More
Increased apical insertion of the multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) in renal proximal tubules following gentamicin exposure.
'Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 2 (MRP2; ABCC2), an organic anion transporter apically expressed in liver, kidney, and intestine, plays an important protective role through facilitating the efflux of potentially toxic compounds. We hypothesized that upon a toxic insult, MRP2 is up-regulated in mammalian kidney, thereby protecting the tissue from damage. ... More
Apoptosis of adherent cells by recruitment of caspase-8 to unligated integrins.
AuthorsStupack DG, Puente XS, Boutsaboualoy S, Storgard CM, Cheresh DA
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11684710
'Integrin-mediated adhesion promotes cell survival in vitro, whereas integrin antagonists induce apoptosis of adherent cells in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that cells adherent within a three-dimensional extracellular matrix undergo apoptosis due to expression of unligated integrins, the beta subunit cytoplasmic domain, or its membrane proximal sequence KLLITIHDRKEF. Integrin-mediated death requires ... More
Methods for assessing autophagy and autophagic cell death.
AuthorsTasdemir E, Galluzzi L, Maiuri MC, Criollo A, Vitale I, Hangen E, Modjtahedi N, Kroemer G,
JournalMethods Mol Biol
PubMed ID18425442
'Autophagic (or type 2) cell death is characterized by the massive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles (autophagosomes) in the cytoplasm of cells that lack signs of apoptosis (type 1 cell death). Here we detail and critically assess a series of methods to promote and inhibit autophagy via pharmacological and genetic manipulations. ... More
Evaluation of methods for measuring cellular glutathione content using flow cytometry.
AuthorsHedley DW, Chow S
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID8026225
'The currently available flow cytometric stains for cellular glutathione were evaluated, examining the labelling of both human and rodent cell lines under various conditions of concentration, time, and temperature. Procedures were used that depleted glutathione (GSH) while having a minimal effect on other cellular sulphydryls in order to estimate linearity ... More
Stochastic regulation of cell migration from the efferent lymph to oxazolone-stimulated skin.
AuthorsWest CA, He C, Su M, Rawn J, Swanson S, Hay JB, Mentzer SJ
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11160191
'The systemic immune response is a dynamic process involving the trafficking of lymphocytes from the Ag-stimulated lymph node to the peripheral tissue. Studies in sheep have demonstrated several phases of cell output in the efferent lymph after Ag stimulation. When skin contact sensitizers are used as Ag, the efferent lymph ... More
T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases.
AuthorsMempel TR, Henrickson SE, Von Andrian UH
JournalNature
PubMed ID14712275
'Primary T-cell responses in lymph nodes (LNs) require contact-dependent information exchange between T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Because lymphocytes continually enter and leave normal LNs, the resident lymphocyte pool is composed of non-synchronized cells with different dwell times that display heterogeneous behaviour in mouse LNs in vitro. Here we ... More
Opposite effects of rho family GTPases on engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
AuthorsNakaya M, Tanaka M, Okabe Y, Hanayama R, Nagata S
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16439364
'The efficient engulfment of apoptotic cells by professional or nonprofessional phagocytes is critical to maintain mammalian homeostasis. To identify molecules involved in the engulfment of apoptotic cells, we established a retrovirus-based expression cloning system coupled with the engulfment assay. By screening a cDNA library of a mouse macrophage cell line, ... More
Negative regulation of EGFR signalling through integrin-alpha1beta1-mediated activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase TCPTP.
AuthorsMattila E, Pellinen T, Nevo J, Vuoriluoto K, Arjonen A, Ivaska J
JournalNat Cell Biol
PubMed ID15592458
'Integrin-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including proliferation, survival and cross-talk between different cellular signalling pathways. So far, integrins have been mainly shown to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Here we show that a collagen-binding integrin alpha(1)beta(1) functions as a negative regulator of ... More
Chondrocyte transplantation to articular cartilage explants in vitro.
'The transplantation of chondrocytes has shown promise for augmenting the repair of defects in articular cartilage. This in vitro study examined the efficiency of the transplantation of bovine chondrocytes onto articular cartilage disks and the ability of the transplanted chondrocytes to subsequently synthesize and deposit proteoglycan. The radiolabeling of chondrocyte ... More
High-avidity CTL exploit two complementary mechanisms to provide better protection against viral infection than low-avidity CTL.
AuthorsDerby M, Alexander-Miller M, Tse R, Berzofsky J
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11160212
'Previously, we observed that high-avidity CTL are much more effective in vivo than low-avidity CTL in elimination of infected cells, but the mechanisms behind their superior activity remained unclear. In this study, we identify two complementary mechanisms: 1) high-avidity CTL lyse infected cells earlier in the course of a viral ... More
HIV-1 entry into T-cells is not dependent on CD4 and CCR5 localization to sphingolipid-enriched, detergent-resistant, raft membrane domains.
AuthorsPercherancier Y, Lagane B, Planchenault T, Staropoli I, Altmeyer R, Virelizier JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Hoessli DC, Bachelerie F
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12431990
'The contribution of raft domains to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 entry was assessed. In particular, we asked whether the CD4 and CCR5 HIV-1 receptors need to associate with sphingolipid-enriched, detergent-resistant membrane domains (rafts) to allow viral entry into primary and T-cell lines. Based on Triton X-100 solubilization and confocal ... More
Endothelial selectins and alpha4 integrins regulate independent pathways of T lymphocyte recruitment in the pulmonary immune response.
AuthorsWolber FM, Curtis JL, Mály P, Kelly RJ, Smith P, Yednock TA, Lowe JB, Stoolman LM
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9780218
'The cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) required for T lymphocyte recruitment during pulmonary immune responses have not been defined. Our laboratories recently reported that intratracheal (IT) challenge of sensitized mice with SRBC induced prolonged expression of vascular P-selectin, E-selectin, and VCAM-1, particularly in areas of mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. A surge in ... More
Determination of cellular thiol levels in individual viable lymphocytes by means of fluorescence intensity and polarization.
AuthorsZurgil N, Kaufman M, Solodiev I, Deutsch M
JournalJ Immunol Methods
PubMed ID10556688
'Cellular thiol levels regulate lymphocyte proliferation and death and play a significant role in the immune response. Therefore, the ability to analyze the total protein and non-protein thiol compounds and their distribution among individual living lymphocytes is of great importance. A quantitative measurement of intracellular sulphydryl groups in living lymphocytes ... More
Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4 on isolated cultured retinal ganglion cells: evaluation by flow cytometry.
AuthorsKashiwagi F, Kashiwagi K, Iizuka Y, Tsukahara S
JournalInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
PubMed ID10892886
'PURPOSE: Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin (NT)-4 on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) isolated and cultured in a serum-free medium are evaluated objectively by using flow cytometry. METHODS: RGCs from the retinas of 2-day-old rats were isolated in a two-step panning and cultured in a serum-free medium. BDNF ... More
B7-DC-Ig Enhances Vaccine Effect by a Novel Mechanism Dependent on PD-1 Expression Level on T Cell Subsets.
AuthorsMkrtichyan M, Najjar YG, Raulfs EC, Liu L, Langerman S, Guittard G, Ozbun L, Khleif SN,
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID22837483
'Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is an important signaling molecule often involved in tumor-mediated suppression of activated immune cells. Binding of this receptor to its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), attenuates T cell activation, reduces IL-2 and IFN-? secretion, decreases proliferation and cytotoxicity, and induces apoptosis. B7-DC-Ig is a ... More
Interaction of the selectin ligand PSGL-1 with chemokines CCL21 and CCL19 facilitates efficient homing of T cells to secondary lymphoid organs.
AuthorsVeerman KM, Williams MJ, Uchimura K, Singer MS, Merzaban JS, Naus S, Carlow DA, Owen P, Rivera-Nieves J, Rosen SD, Ziltener HJ
JournalNat Immunol
PubMed ID17401367
'P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is central to the trafficking of immune effector cells to areas of inflammation through direct interactions with P-selectin, E-selectin and L-selectin. Here we show that PSGL-1 was also required for efficient homing of resting T cells to secondary lymphoid organs but functioned independently of selectin ... More
Structural requirements of echistatin for the recognition of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(5)beta(1) integrins.
AuthorsWierzbicka-Patynowski I, Niewiarowski S, Marcinkiewicz C, Calvete JJ, Marcinkiewicz MM, McLane MA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10608843
'There are key differences between the amino acid residues of the RGD loops and the C termini of echistatin, a potent antagonist of alpha(IIb)beta(3), alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(5)beta(1), and eristostatin, a similar disintegrin selectively inhibiting alpha(IIb)beta(3). In order to identify echistatin motifs required for selective recognition of alpha(v)beta(3) and alpha(5)beta(1) integrins, ... More
Inhibition of Stabilin-2 elevates circulating hyaluronic acid levels and prevents tumor metastasis.
AuthorsHirose Y, Saijou E, Sugano Y, Takeshita F, Nishimura S, Nonaka H, Chen YR, Sekine K, Kido T, Nakamura T, Kato S, Kanke T, Nakamura K, Nagai R, Ochiya T, Miyajima A,
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID22371575
'Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been implicated in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. However, most previous studies were conducted on extracellular matrix or pericellular HA, and the role of circulating HA in vivo has not been studied. HA is rapidly cleared from the bloodstream. The scavenger receptor Stabilin-2 (Stab2) ... More
Human cytomegalovirus induces monocyte differentiation and migration as a strategy for dissemination and persistence.
AuthorsSmith MS, Bentz GL, Alexander JS, Yurochko AD
JournalJ Virol
PubMed ID15078925
'Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis is characterized by multiple organ system involvement due to viral spread to host organs after a cell-associated viremia. The cell type responsible for HCMV dissemination is unknown. Monocytes are the most likely candidate since they are the predominant cell type infected in the blood. However, monocytes ... More
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by human macrophages: analysis by multiparameter flow cytometry.
AuthorsJersmann HP, Ross KA, Vivers S, Brown SB, Haslett C, Dransfield I
JournalCytometry A
PubMed ID12500300
'BACKGROUND: Phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells is an important regulatory event in development, tissue homoeostasis, and inflammation. There are several methodologic problems with most in vitro studies of the molecular mechanisms of apoptotic cell phagocytosis. First, cell loss occurs during rigorous washing of adherent macrophages required to ensure removal of ... More
Cell tracing dyes significantly change single cell mechanics.
AuthorsLulevich V, Shih YP, Lo SH, Liu GY,
JournalJ Phys Chem B
PubMed ID19366241
'Cell tracing dyes are very frequently utilized in cellular biology research because they provide highly sensitive fluorescent tags that do not compromise cellular functions such as growth and proliferation. In many investigations concerning cellular adhesion and mechanics, fluorescent dyes have been employed with the assumption of little impact on the ... More
Rapid reduction of intracellular glutathione in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to occupational levels of toluene diisocyanate.
AuthorsLantz RC, Lemus R, Lange RW, Karol MH
JournalToxicol Sci
PubMed ID11248147
'Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a recognized chemical asthmogen, yet the mechanism of this toxicity and the molecular reactions involved have not been elucidated. We have previously shown that TDI vapor forms adducts with the apical surface of the respiratory epithelium, and that it colocalizes with ciliary tubulin. In vitro, we ... More
pABC11 (also known as MOAT-C and MRP5), a member of the ABC family of proteins, has anion transporter activity but does not confer multidrug resistance when overexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.
AuthorsMcAleer MA, Breen MA, White NL, Matthews N
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10438534
'Several members of the ABC family of proteins have been implicated in multidrug resistance associated with cancer therapies. A novel member of this gene family, designated pABC11, has been identified using degenerate polymerase chain reaction. The full-length cDNA spans 5881 base pairs and encodes an open reading frame of 1437 ... More
Tumor-induced angiogenesis studied in confrontation cultures of multicellular tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies grown from pluripotent embryonic stem cells.
AuthorsWartenberg M, Dönmez F, Ling FC, Acker H, Hescheler J, Sauer H
JournalFASEB J
PubMed ID11292660
'Tumor vascularization is the rate-limiting step for the progression of cancer. Differential steps of tumor-induced angiogenesis were studied by a novel in vitro confrontation culture of avascular multicellular prostate tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies grown from pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. Vascularization in embryoid bodies started on day 5 of ... More
Use of CMFDA and CMTMR fluorescent dyes in FACS-based antibody screening.
AuthorsYang XP, Gallo M, Ngan I, Nocerini M, Chen MM
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID11911670
'Cell-based immunizations are often used when membrane antigens are difficult to purify. To confirm that an antibody binding to the surface of a cell line is, in fact, binding to the desired antigen, FACS can be performed independently on two cell lines, a transfected cell line expressing the antigen of ... More
Binding of Paxillin to the alpha 9 Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain Inhibits Cell Spreading.
AuthorsLiu S, Slepak M, Ginsberg MH
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11477105
'alpha(9)beta(1) integrin is a member of the beta(1) integrin family, plays an important role in extravasation of neutrophils at sites of acute inflammation, and is required for the normal development of the lymphatic system. The alpha(9) and alpha(4) integrin subunits are most closely related and form a subfamily of integrin ... More
Small GTPase Rab21 regulates cell adhesion and controls endosomal traffic of beta1-integrins.
AuthorsPellinen T, Arjonen A, Vuoriluoto K, Kallio K, Fransen JA, Ivaska J
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID16754960
'Dynamic turnover of integrin cell adhesion molecules to and from the cell surface is central to cell migration. We report for the first time an association between integrins and Rab proteins, which are small GTPases involved in the traffic of endocytotic vesicles. Rab21 (and Rab5) associate with the cytoplasmic domains ... More
Tumor cell alpha3beta1 integrin and vascular laminin-5 mediate pulmonary arrest and metastasis.
AuthorsWang H, Fu W, Im JH, Zhou Z, Santoro SA, Iyer V, DiPersio CM, Yu QC, Quaranta V, Al-Mehdi A, Muschel RJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID15024036
'Arrest of circulating tumor cells in distant organs is required for hematogenous metastasis, but the tumor cell surface molecules responsible have not been identified. Here, we show that the tumor cell alpha3beta1 integrin makes an important contribution to arrest in the lung and to early colony formation. These analyses indicated ... More
A simple, fluorescent method to internally label platelets suitable for physiological measurements.
AuthorsBaker GR, Sullam PM, Levin J
JournalAm J Hematol
PubMed ID9298862
'Current methods for studying platelet survival in vivo are limited by the use of radioisotopes, with their inherent safety and regulatory concerns, systemic drug administrations that produce biochemical modifications of platelet functions, or external labeling techniques, which may produce artifacts due to surface modifications. For these reasons, we sought to ... More
A novel role for microtubules in apoptotic chromatin dynamics and cellular fragmentation.
AuthorsMoss DK, Betin VM, Malesinski SD, Lane JD
JournalJ Cell Sci
PubMed ID16723742
'Dramatic changes in cellular dynamics characterise the apoptotic execution phase, culminating in fragmentation into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. Previous evidence suggests that actin-myosin plays a dominant role in apoptotic cellular remodelling, whereas all other cytoskeletal elements dismantle. We have used fixed cells and live-cell imaging to confirm that interphase microtubules rapidly ... More
Mast cells migrate from blood to brain.
AuthorsSilverman AJ, Sutherland AK, Wilhelm M, Silver R
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID10627616
'It is well established that mast cells (MCs) occur within the CNS of many species. Furthermore, their numbers can increase rapidly in adults in response to altered physiological conditions. In this study we found that early postpartum rats had significantly more mast cells in the thalamus than virgin controls. Evidence ... More
Single cell mechanotransduction and its modulation analyzed by atomic force microscope indentation.
AuthorsCharras GT, Horton MA
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID12023220
'The skeleton adapts to its mechanical usage, although at the cellular level, the distribution and magnitude of strains generated and their detection are ill-understood. The magnitude and nature of the strains to which cells respond were investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM) as a microindentor. A confocal microscope linked ... More
HIV-1 cell to cell transfer across an Env-induced, actin-dependent synapse.
AuthorsJolly C, Kashefi K, Hollinshead M, Sattentau QJ
JournalJ Exp Med
PubMed ID14734528
'Direct cell-cell transfer is an efficient mechanism of viral dissemination within an infected host, and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) can exploit this mode of spread. Receptor recognition by HIV-1 occurs via interactions between the viral surface envelope glycoprotein (Env), gp120, and CD4 and a chemokine receptor, CCR5 or CXCR4. ... More
Fusion peptides derived from the HIV type 1 glycoprotein 41 associate within phospholipid membranes and inhibit cell-cell Fusion. Structure-function study.
AuthorsKliger Y, Aharoni A, Rapaport D, Jones P, Blumenthal R, Shai Y
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9153194
'The fusion domain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (gp120-gp41) is a conserved hydrophobic region located at the N terminus of the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41). A V2E mutant has been shown to dominantly interfere with wild-type envelope-mediated syncytium formation and virus infectivity. To understand this phenomenon, a 33-residue peptide ... More
Rapid visualization of viable and nonviable endothelium on cardiovascular prosthetic surfaces by means of fluorescent dyes.
AuthorsGillis C, Haegerstrand A, Ragnarson B, Bengtsson L
JournalJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
PubMed ID7527111
'Increasing interest in endothelialization of synthetic and tissue cardiovascular prostheses in vitro emphasizes the need for simple and rapid methods to evaluate presence of endothelium on surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy is a commonly used method for this purpose. In this study we investigated alternative and more rapid staining methods. Human ... More
Evidence for different ABC-transporters in Caco-2 cells modulating drug uptake.
AuthorsGutmann H, Fricker G, Török M, Michael S, Beglinger C, Drewe J
JournalPharm Res
PubMed ID10213371
'PURPOSE: Secretory systems contribute to drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this study was the identification of members of the ATP binding cassette superfamily of secretory transport proteins that may potentially modulate drug absorption in Caco-2 cells, which are an important cellular model predicting enteral absorption of ... More
Ly-6C regulates endothelial adhesion and homing of CD8(+) T cells by activating integrin-dependent adhesion pathways.
AuthorsHänninen A, Jaakkola I, Salmi M, Simell O, Jalkanen S
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID9192663
'Ly-6C belongs to the Ly-6 family of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored surface glycoproteins and is expressed on a subset of mature CD8(+) T cells. Ly-6C ligation can mediate T cell activation and causes interleukin 2 secretion in cytolytic T cell clones. We characterize herein a new mAb 1G7.G10 against Ly-6C that recognizes ... More
Fluoroprobe quantification of viable and non-viable cells in human coronary and internal thoracic arteries sampled at autopsy.
AuthorsMerrilees MJ, Beaumont BW, Scott LJ
JournalJ Vasc Res
PubMed ID8562809
'Viable and non-viable cells in coronary and internal thoracic arteries, collected at autopsy 7-24 h post-mortem from individuals 15-81 years of age, were detected using the fixable fluoroprobes 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (green) and ethidium homodimer-1 (orange/red). Viability status of individual endothelial and smooth muscle cells was confirmed by simultaneous autoradiographic detection ... More
Catecholamines decrease lymphocyte adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells.
AuthorsCarlson SL, Beiting DJ, Kiani CA, Abell KM, McGillis JP
JournalBrain Behav Immun
PubMed ID8735569
'Numerous studies have shown that catecholamines can modulate lymphocyte migration. This effect may be mediated in part by modulation of lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions, which is dependent on adhesion molecules expressed on both of these cells. Our results show that catecholamines decreased T-cell binding to IL-1 activated endothelial cells in vitro. ... More
Applications of cytotoxicity assays and pre-lethal mechanistic assays for assessment of human hepatotoxicity potential.
AuthorsXu JJ, Diaz D, O'Brien PJ
JournalChem Biol Interact
PubMed ID15522265
'While drug toxicity (especially hepatotoxicity) is the most frequent reason cited for withdrawal of an approved drug, no simple solution exists to adequately predict such adverse events. Simple cytotoxicity assays in HepG2 cells are relatively insensitive to human hepatotoxic drugs in a retrospective analysis of marketed pharmaceuticals. In comparison, a ... More
CX3CR1-fractalkine expression regulates cellular mechanisms involved in adhesion, migration, and survival of human prostate cancer cells.
AuthorsShulby SA, Dolloff NG, Stearns ME, Meucci O, Fatatis A
JournalCancer Res
PubMed ID15256432
'Chemokines and their receptors might be involved in the selection of specific organs by metastatic cancer cells. For instance, the CXCR4-SDF-1alpha pair regulates adhesion and migration of breast as well as prostate cancer cells to metastatic sites. In this study, we present the first evidence for the expression of CX3CR1--the ... More
Burkholderia pseudomallei induces cell fusion and actin-associated membrane protrusion: a possible mechanism for cell-to-cell spreading.
AuthorsKespichayawattana W, Rattanachetkul S, Wanun T, Utaisincharoen P, Sirisinha S
JournalInfect Immun
PubMed ID10948167
'Burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of a broad spectrum of diseases collectively known as melioidosis. Its ability to survive inside phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and to induce multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation has been demonstrated. This study was designed to assess a possible mechanism(s) leading ... More
Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle-dependent changes in cell thiol level by combining a new laser dye with Hoechst 33342.
AuthorsPoot M, Kavanagh TJ, Kang HC, Haugland RP, Rabinovitch PS
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID1710962
'By halogenation of methylfluorescein-diacetate (MFDA) or eosin-diacetate, two new dyes for cellular thiol compatible with visible laser excitation have become available. These probes circumvent the use of an ultraviolet (UV)-excitation system as required by bimane-based dyes and allow combination with probes for other cellular parameters. The thiol dyes attain maximal ... More
EC3, a novel heterodimeric disintegrin from Echis carinatus venom, inhibits alpha4 and alpha5 integrins in an RGD-independent manner.
AuthorsMarcinkiewicz C, Calvete JJ, Marcinkiewicz MM, Raida M, Vijay-Kumar S, Huang Z, Lobb RR, Niewiarowski S
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10212222
'EC3, a heterodimeric disintegrin (Mr = 14,762) isolated from Echis carinatus venom is a potent antagonist of alpha4 integrins. Two subunits called EC3A and EC3B were isolated from reduced and alkylated EC3 by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Each subunit contained 67 residues, including 10 cysteines, and displayed a high ... More
Phagocytosis of necrotic cells by macrophages is phosphatidylserine dependent and does not induce inflammatory cytokine production.
AuthorsBrouckaert G, Kalai M, Krysko DV, Saelens X, Vercammen D, Ndlovu M, Haegeman G, D'Herde K, Vandenabeele P
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID14668480
'Apoptotic cells are cleared by phagocytosis during development, homeostasis, and pathology. However, it is still unclear how necrotic cells are removed. We compared the phagocytic uptake by macrophages of variants of L929sA murine fibrosarcoma cells induced to die by tumor necrosis factor-induced necrosis or by Fas-mediated apoptosis. We show that ... More
RhoA is required for monocyte tail retraction during transendothelial migration.
AuthorsWorthylake RA, Lemoine S, Watson JM, Burridge K
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11448997
'Transendothelial migration of monocytes is the process by which monocytes leave the circulatory system and extravasate through the endothelial lining of the blood vessel wall and enter the underlying tissue. Transmigration requires coordination of alterations in cell shape and adhesive properties that are mediated by cytoskeletal dynamics. We have analyzed ... More
A tumor-associated beta 1 integrin mutation that abrogates epithelial differentiation control.
AuthorsEvans RD, Perkins VC, Henry A, Stephens PE, Robinson MK, Watt FM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID12578911
'SCC4 human keratinocytes are derived from a squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and undergo very little spontaneous differentiation. Introduction of a wild-type beta 1 integrin subunit into SCC4 cells stimulates differentiation, suggesting either that the cells have a defect in the integrin signaling pathways that control differentiation or that ... More
Flow cytometric assays of anticancer drug resistance.
AuthorsHedley DW
JournalAnn N Y Acad Sci
PubMed ID8098593
Fluorescent probes for living cells.
AuthorsJohnson I
JournalHistochem J
PubMed ID10188922
'The functional characteristics of fluorescent probes used for imaging and measuring dynamic processes in living cells are reviewed. Initial consideration is given to general design requirements for delivery, targeting, detectability and fluorescence readout, and current technologies for attaining them. Discussion then proceeds to the more application-specific properties of intracellular ion ... More
Fibroblastic reticular cells guide T lymphocyte entry into and migration within the splenic T cell zone.
AuthorsBajénoff M, Glaichenhaus N, Germain RN,
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID18768849
'Although a great deal is known about T cell entry into lymph nodes, much less is understood about how T lymphocytes access the splenic white pulp (WP). We show in this study that, as recently described for lymph nodes, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form a network in the T cell ... More
Flow cytometric analysis of the effects of tri-n-butyltin chloride on cytosolic free calcium and thiol levels in isolated rainbow trout hepatocytes.
AuthorsReader S, Marion M, Denizeau F
JournalToxicology
PubMed ID8327995
'The toxic effects of tri-n-butyltin chloride (TBT) were investigated on isolated trout hepatocytes by flow cytometry (FCM). We developed a procedure permitting the study of cytosolic free calcium in these cells using the new fluorescent probe Fura Red. In parallel, changes in thiol levels upon exposure to TBT were also ... More
Osteopontin induction of hyaluronan synthase 2 expression promotes breast cancer malignancy.
AuthorsCook AC, Chambers AF, Turley EA, Tuck AB
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID16807238
'Osteopontin (OPN) is a tumor-associated, secreted phosphoprotein that has been implicated in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Research concerning how OPN functions in tumor progression has led to the identification of a limited number of genes that contribute functionally to OPN-induced cellular behaviors. Recent microarray analysis, comparing 21NT breast cancer ... More
A novel coculture technique demonstrates that normal human prostatic fibroblasts contribute to tumor formation of LNCaP cells by retarding cell death.
AuthorsOlumi AF, Dazin P, Tlsty TD
JournalCancer Res
PubMed ID9788594
'The microenvironment influences the progression of an epithelial malignancy. To examine the effect of fibroblasts on epithelial cells by direct cell-cell contact in vitro, a coculture system was designed to assess cell death and proliferation of two cell populations when grown together. We used a green fluorescent dye to stain ... More
KIR2DL5 can inhibit human NK cell activation via recruitment of Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2).
AuthorsYusa S, Catina TL, Campbell KS
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID15187115
'Human NK cells use class I MHC-binding inhibitory receptors, such as the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family, to discriminate between normal and abnormal cells. Some tumors and virus-infected cells down-regulate class I MHC and thereby become targets of NK cells. Substantial evidence indicates that the mechanism of KIR-mediated inhibition ... More
Different modalities of intercellular membrane exchanges mediate cell-to-cell p-glycoprotein transfers in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
'Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a phenomenon by which tumor cells exhibit resistance to a variety of chemically unrelated chemotherapeutic drugs. The classical form of multidrug resistance is connected to overexpression of membrane P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which acts as an energy dependent drug efflux pump. P-glycoprotein expression is known to be controlled ... More
High content screening for inhibitors of protein interactions and post-translational modifications in primary cells by proximity ligation.
AuthorsLeuchowius KJ, Jarvius M, Wickström M, Rickardson L, Landegren U, Larsson R, Söderberg O, Fryknäs M, Jarvius J,
JournalMol Cell Proteomics
PubMed ID19864249
'The cost of developing new drugs is a major obstacle for pharmaceutical companies and academia with many drugs identified in the drug discovery process failing approval for clinical use due to lack of intended effect or because of severe side effects. Since the early 1990 s, high throughput screening of ... More
Spatial arrangement of physeal cartilage chondrocytes and the structure of the primary spongiosa.
AuthorsJohnstone EW, Leane PB, Kolesik P, Byers S, Foster BK
JournalJ Orthop Sci
PubMed ID10982672
'Using laser confocal microscopy and 5-chloromethyl-fluoresceindiacetate (CMFDA) loading of chondrocytes we have investigated the structure of the ovine physis during late fetal development and its relationship to the structure observed in the primary spongiosa. Chondrocytes within the ovine growth plate form nests that together span the growth plate. We propose ... More
Fibroblast network in rabbit sinoatrial node: structural and functional identification of homogeneous and heterogeneous cell coupling.
AuthorsCamelliti P, Green CR, LeGrice I, Kohl P
JournalCirc Res
PubMed ID14976125
'Cardiomyocytes form a conducting network that is assumed to be electrically isolated from nonmyocytes in vivo. In cell culture, however, cardiac fibroblasts can contribute to the spread of excitation via functional gap junctions with cardiomyocytes. To assess the ability of fibroblasts to form gap junctions in vivo, we combine in ... More
Heterogeneous breast tumoroids: An in vitro assay for investigating cellular heterogeneity and drug delivery.
'Breast tumors are typically heterogeneous and contain diverse subpopulations of tumor cells with differing phenotypic properties. Planar cultures of cancer cell lines are not viable models of investigation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during tumor development. This article presents an in vitro coculture-based 3-dimensional heterogeneous breast tumor model that can ... More
The Rac2 guanosine triphosphatase regulates B lymphocyte antigen receptor responses and chemotaxis and is required for establishment of B-1a and marginal zone B lymphocytes.
AuthorsCroker BA, Tarlinton DM, Cluse LA, Tuxen AJ, Light A, Yang FC, Williams DA, Roberts AW
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11907095
'We have defined roles for the hemopoietic-specific Rho guanosine triphosphatase, Rac2, in B lymphocyte development and function through examination of rac2(-/-) mice. Rac2-deficient mice displayed peripheral blood B lymphocytosis and marked reductions in peritoneal cavity B-1a lymphocytes, marginal zone B lymphocytes, and IgM-secreting plasma cells as well as reduced concentrations ... More
Glutamate release promotes growth of malignant gliomas.
AuthorsTakano T, Lin JH, Arcuino G, Gao Q, Yang J, Nedergaard M
JournalNat Med
PubMed ID11533703
'Glutamate neurotoxicity has been implicated in stroke, head trauma, multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Although recent data show that cultured glioma cells secrete glutamate, the growth potential of brain tumors has not yet been linked to an excitotoxic mechanism. Using bioluminescence detection of glutamate release from freshly prepared brain slices, ... More
Transepithelial transport of HIV-1 by M cells is receptor-mediated.
'Human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cell monolayers undergo conversion into cells that share morphological and functional features of M cells when allowed to interact with B lymphocytes. A lymphotropic (X4) HIV-1 strain crosses M cell monolayers and infects underlying CD4(+) target cells. Transport requires both lactosyl cerebroside and CXCR4 receptors, which ... More
Changes in antioxidant enzyme expression in response to hydrogen peroxide in rat astroglial cells.
AuthorsRöhrdanz E, Schmuck G, Ohler S, Tran-Thi QH, Kahl R
JournalArch Toxicol
PubMed ID11409537
'Oxidative stress has been causally linked to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. To clarify the role of the antioxidant enzyme (AOE) system in oxidative brain damage primary cultures of rat astroglial cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Expression of AOEs and several parameters for cell viability and functionality were ... More
Ventricle-directed migration in the developing cerebral cortex.
AuthorsNadarajah B, Alifragis P, Wong RO, Parnavelas JG
JournalNat Neurosci
PubMed ID11850632
'It is believed that postmitotic neurons migrate away from their sites of origin in the germinal zones to populate distant targets. Contrary to this notion, we found, using time-lapse imaging of brain slices, populations of neurons positioned at various levels of the developing neocortex that migrate towards the cortical ventricular ... More
Influences of glutathione on anionic substrate efflux in tumour cells expressing the multidrug resistance-associated protein, MRP1.
AuthorsBagrij T, Klokouzas A, Hladky SB, Barrand MA
JournalBiochem Pharmacol
PubMed ID11389878
'The ATP-dependent transport of natural product drugs, e.g. vincristine, by multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) requires reduced glutathione (GSH), whilst that of anionic substrates does not. The present results suggest, however, that GSH can modulate transport of anionic species. Efflux of fluorescent anionic substrates was measured from adherent MRP1-expressing human multidrug-resistant ... More
Inducing the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of oral KB carcinoma cells by hydroxychavicol: roles of glutathione and reactive oxygen species.
AuthorsChang MC, Uang BJ, Wu HL, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Jeng JH
JournalBr J Pharmacol
PubMed ID11834609
'Hydroxychavicol (HC; 10 - 50 microM), a betel leaf component, was found to suppress the 2% H(2)O(2)-induced lucigenin chemiluminescence for 53 - 75%. HC (0.02 - 2 microM) was also able to trap superoxide radicals generated by a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with 38 - 94% of inhibition. Hydroxyl radicals-induced PUC18 ... More
Mannose receptor regulates myoblast motility and muscle growth.
AuthorsJansen KM, Pavlath GK
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID16864654
'Myoblast fusion is critical for the formation, growth, and maintenance of skeletal muscle. The initial formation of nascent myotubes requires myoblast-myoblast fusion, but further growth involves myoblast-myotube fusion. We demonstrate that the mannose receptor (MR), a type I transmembrane protein, is required for myoblast-myotube fusion. Mannose receptor (MR)-null myotubes were ... More
Ovarian carcinoma ascites spheroids adhere to extracellular matrix components and mesothelial cell monolayers.
AuthorsBurleson KM, Casey RC, Skubitz KM, Pambuccian SE, Oegema TR, Skubitz AP
JournalGynecol Oncol
PubMed ID15047232
'Ovarian carcinoma cells form multicellular aggregates, or spheroids, in the peritoneal cavity of patients with advanced disease. The current paradigm that ascites spheroids are non-adhesive leaves their contribution to ovarian carcinoma dissemination undefined. Here, spheroids obtained from ovarian carcinoma patients'' ascites were characterized for their ability to adhere to molecules ... More
Coordinate regulation of T cell activation by CD2 and CD28.
AuthorsGreen JM, Karpitskiy V, Kimzey SL, Shaw AS
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID10725714
'T cell activation requires co-engagement of the TCR with accessory and costimulatory molecules. However, the exact mechanism of costimulatory function is unknown. Mice lacking CD2 or CD28 show only mild deficits, demonstrating that neither protein is essential for T cell activation. In this paper we have generated mice lacking both ... More
A calpain unique to alveolates is essential in Plasmodium falciparum and its knockdown reveals an involvement in pre-S-phase development.
AuthorsRusso I, Oksman A, Vaupel B, Goldberg DE,
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID19164769
'Plasmodium falciparum encodes a single calpain that has a distinct domain composition restricted to alveolates. To evaluate the potential of this protein as a drug target, we assessed its essentiality. Both gene disruption by double cross-over and gene truncation by single cross-over recombination failed. We were also unable to achieve ... More
Regulation of dendritic cell migration to the draining lymph node: impact on T lymphocyte traffic and priming.
AuthorsMartIn-Fontecha A, Sebastiani S, Höpken UE, Uguccioni M, Lipp M, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F
JournalJ Exp Med
PubMed ID12925677
'Antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) are used as natural adjuvants for vaccination, but the factors that influence the efficacy of this treatment are poorly understood. We investigated the parameters that affect the migration of subcutaneously injected mouse-mature DCs to the draining lymph node. We found that the efficiency of DC migration ... More
Interactions between multiple cell types in parallel microfluidic channels: monitoring platelet adhesion to an endothelium in the presence of an anti-adhesion drug.
AuthorsKu CJ, D'Amico Oblak T, Spence DM,
JournalAnal Chem
PubMed ID18729474
'A simple method for immobilizing endothelial cells in the channels of a microfluidic device fabricated with soft lithography is presented that requires no surface oxidation of the substrate material used in conjunction with the microfluidic device and is operable even with a reversible seal. Specifically, optimal conditions for culturing bovine ... More
Mechanisms of drug-induced lupus. III. Sex-specific differences in T cell homing may explain increased disease severity in female mice.
AuthorsYung R, Williams R, Johnson K, Phillips C, Stoolman L, Chang S, Richardson B
JournalArthritis Rheum
PubMed ID9214435
'OBJECTIVE: To determine if sex-specific differences in lymphocyte trafficking could contribute to increased disease severity in female mice. METHODS: A lupus-like disease was induced by injecting male and female mice with procainamide-treated T cell clones. Trafficking was examined by labeling the injected cells with 51Cr or 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate. RESULTS: Females ... More
Fabrication of cell-containing hydrogel microstructures inside microfluidic devices that can be used as cell-based biosensors.
AuthorsKoh WG, Pishko MV
JournalAnal Bioanal Chem
PubMed ID16847626
'This paper describes microfluidic systems containing immobilized hydrogel-encapsulated mammalian cells that can be used as cell-based biosensors. Mammalian cells were encapsulated in three-dimensional poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) hydrogel microstructures which were photolithographically polymerized in microfluidic devices and grown under static culture conditions. The encapsulated cells remained viable for a week and were ... More
TRANCE, a tumor necrosis factor family member, enhances the longevity and adjuvant properties of dendritic cells in vivo.
AuthorsJosien R, Li HL, Ingulli E, Sarma S, Wong BR, Vologodskaia M, Steinman RM, Choi Y
JournalJ Exp Med
PubMed ID10662795
'Mature dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful antigen presenting cells that have the unique capacity to migrate to the T cell zone of draining lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. Here we report that treatment of antigen-pulsed mature DCs with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), a TNF family member, before ... More
Synthesis of a Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitory protein that shares homology with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor by ovine intervertebral disc cells in serum-free alginate bead culture.
AuthorsMelrose J, Smith S, Ghosh P
JournalJ Spinal Disord Tech
PubMed ID11927828
'The objective of this study was to determine whether disc cells could be cultured under serum-free conditions and whether they synthesized bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI)-like serine proteinase inhibitory proteins (SPIs) previously demonstrated for ovine chondrocytes. Intervertebral discs from 1- to 2-year-old merino wether sheep were dissected into the annulus ... More
Cytometric detection and quantitation of cell-cell electrofusion products.
AuthorsJaroszeski MJ, Gilbert R, Heller R
JournalMethods Mol Biol
PubMed ID8528407
Confocal imaging of a gap junction protein associated with the keratocytes of the human cornea.
AuthorsClover GM, Poole CA, Brookes NH
JournalAust N Z J Ophthalmol
PubMed ID8811232
Multi-photon microscopy: seeing more by imaging less.
AuthorsWhite N, Errington R
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID12188180
Glutathione and cellular resistance to anti-cancer drugs.
AuthorsHedley D, Chow S
JournalMethods Cell Biol
PubMed ID7533246
Introduction to functional cell assays.
AuthorsRabinovitch PS, June CH, Kavanagh TJ
JournalAnn N Y Acad Sci
PubMed ID8494213
Human uterine epithelial RL95-2 and HEC-1A cell-line adhesiveness: the role of plexin B1.
AuthorsHarduf H, Goldman S, Shalev E
JournalFertil Steril
PubMed ID17383649
To study the expression of plexin-B1 in high- and low-receptive epithelial-endometrial cell lines, and its possible role in endometrial adhesiveness.
A MAP kinase necessary for receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase in Dictyostelium.
AuthorsSegall JE, Kuspa A, Shaulsky G, Ecke M, Maeda M, Gaskins C, Firtel RA, Loomis WF
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7844154
Analysis of a developmental mutant in Dictyostelium discoideum which is unable to initiate morphogenesis has shown that a protein kinase of the MAP kinase/ERK family affects relay of the cAMP chemotactic signal and cell differentiation. Strains in which the locus encoding ERK2 is disrupted respond to a pulse of cAMP ... More
The dendritic cell cytoskeleton is critical for the formation of the immunological synapse.
AuthorsAl-Alwan MM, Rowden G, Lee TD, West KA
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11160183
The binding of a T cell to an APC results in T cell actin cytoskeletal rearrangement leading to the formation of an immunological synapse. The APC cytoskeleton has been thought to play a passive role in this process. In this study, we demonstrate that dendritic cells (DC), unlike other APC, ... More
Detecting enzymatic activity in cells using fluorogenic substrates.
AuthorsHaugland RP
JournalBiotech Histochem
PubMed ID8580208
Fluorogenic substrates can detect enzymatic activity associated with cells. It is difficult, however, to detect activity within a single cell or in an organelle since hydrolytic substrates yield products that rapidly leak from the cell. Several new solutions are presented including trapping the fluorescent product in membranes, in cell organelles, ... More
Nanotubular highways for intercellular organelle transport.
AuthorsRustom A, Saffrich R, Markovic I, Walther P, Gerdes HH
JournalScience
PubMed ID14963329
Cell-to-cell communication is a crucial prerequisite for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. To date, diverse mechanisms of intercellular exchange of information have been documented, including chemical synapses, gap junctions, and plasmodesmata. Here, we describe highly sensitive nanotubular structures formed de novo between cells that create complex networks. These ... More
In vivo-matured Langerhans cells continue to take up and process native proteins unlike in vitro-matured counterparts.
AuthorsRuedl C, Koebel P, Karjalainen K
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11390465
We have been able to identify the cell subset derived from Langerhans cells in the total dendritic cell population of the peripheral lymph node and hence to follow their trafficking under normal physiological conditions as well as upon skin irritation. As expected, the rapid mobilization of Langerhans cells triggered by ... More
Anatomical origin of dendritic cells determines their life span in peripheral lymph nodes.
AuthorsRuedl C, Koebel P, Bachmann M, Hess M, Karjalainen K
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11046016
Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit considerable heterogeneity in their anatomical location, surface phenotype, and functional properties. In this study, we demonstrate that peripheral lymph nodes contain at least four major, functionally separable, and independently derived, DC subsets, which can be clearly demarcated by their CD11c, CD40, and CD8 expression pattern. Surprisingly, ... More
Viral protein U counteracts a human host cell restriction that inhibits HIV-1 particle production.
AuthorsVarthakavi V, Smith RM, Bour SP, Strebel K, Spearman P
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID14657387
Human cells resist viral infections by a variety of mechanisms. Viruses must overcome host cell restrictions to successfully reproduce their genetic material. Here, we identify a host restriction to viral replication that acts at the stage of particle assembly. Viral protein U (Vpu) is an HIV-1 accessory protein that enhances ... More
Two-photon tissue imaging: seeing the immune system in a fresh light.
AuthorsCahalan MD, Parker I, Wei SH, Miller MJ
JournalNat Rev Immunol
PubMed ID12415310
Many lymphocyte functions, such as antigen recognition, take place deep in densely populated lymphoid organs. Because direct in vivo observation was not possible, the dynamics of immune-cell interactions have been inferred or extrapolated from in vitro studies. Two-photon fluorescence excitation uses extremely brief (<1 picosecond) and intense pulses of light ... More
Assessment of fluorochromes for two-photon laser scanning microscopy of biofilms.
AuthorsNeu TR, Kuhlicke U, Lawrence JR
JournalAppl Environ Microbiol
PubMed ID11823234
A major limitation for the use of two-proton laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM) in biofilm and other studies is the lack of a thorough understanding of the excitation-emission responses of potential fluorochromes. In order to use 2P-LSM, the utility of various fluorochromes and probes specific for a range of biofilm constituents ... More
Ninjurin, a novel adhesion molecule, is induced by nerve injury and promotes axonal growth.
AuthorsAraki T, Milbrandt J
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID8780658
Peripheral nerve injury results in axonal degeneration and in phenotypic changes of the surrounding Schwann cells, whose presence is critical for nerve regeneration. Using differential screening strategies, we identified a novel protein, termed ninjurin (for nerve injury-induced protein), that is up-regulated after axotomy in neurons and in Schwann cells surrounding ... More
Fluorescent labelling of intracellular bacteria in living host cells.
AuthorsBoleti H, Ojcius DM, Dautry-Varsat A
JournalJ Microbiol Methods
PubMed ID10802143
The fluorescent reagent, CellTracker, labels metabolically-active cells and was used here to label Chlamydia in vivo during their exponential phase of growth in infected cells. HeLa cells infected with C. psittaci were labelled with the CellTracker reagents between 15 and 48 h post-infection. The fluorescent label accumulated in the host-cell ... More
Differentiation, cell fusion, and nuclear fusion during ex vivo repair of epithelium by human adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma.
AuthorsSpees JL, Olson SD, Ylostalo J, Lynch PJ, Smith J, Perry A, Peister A, Wang MY, Prockop DJ
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID12606728
To investigate stem cell differentiation in response to tissue injury, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cocultured with heat-shocked small airway epithelial cells. A subset of the hMSCs rapidly differentiated into epithelium-like cells, and they restored the epithelial monolayer. Immunocytochemistry and microarray analyses demonstrated that the cells expressed many genes ... More
In vitro assays for endothelial cell functions related to angiogenesis: proliferation, motility, tubular differentiation, and proteolysis.
AuthorsEccles SA, Court W, Patterson L, Sanderson S,
JournalMethods Mol Biol
PubMed ID19301670
This chapter covers the breakdown of the process of angiogenesis into simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described are suitable for studying stimulators or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The procedures outlined are robust and straightforward but cannot cover ... More
Migration of Plasmodium sporozoites through cells before infection.
AuthorsMota MM, Pradel G, Vanderberg JP, Hafalla JC, Frevert U, Nussenzweig RS, Nussenzweig V, Rodríguez A
JournalScience
PubMed ID11141568
Intracellular bacteria and parasites typically invade host cells through the formation of an internalization vacuole around the invading pathogen. Plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of the malaria parasite transmitted by mosquitoes, have an alternative mechanism to enter cells. We observed breaching of the plasma membrane of the host cell followed ... More
Semaphorin 3A is a chemoattractant for cortical apical dendrites.
AuthorsPolleux F, Morrow T, Ghosh A
JournalNature
PubMed ID10766232
The apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons integrate inputs from various cortical layers and are central to information processing. Here we show that the growth of apical dendrites towards the pial surface is regulated by a diffusible chemoattractant present at high levels near the marginal zone. A major component of this ... More