BioParticles製品の使用について BioParticles™コンジュゲートは凍結乾燥粉末として提供されます。約3 x 108の大腸菌または黄色ブドウ球菌粒子/mg(固体)および約2 x 107のザイモサン粒子/mg(固体)が存在します。BioParticles™コンジュゲートは、食作用アッセイで使用するために選択した緩衝液で再構成できます。細胞の表面に結合している(しかし内部に取り込まれていない)BioParticles™コンジュゲートの蛍光は、エチジウムブロマイド、トリパンブルー、または他のクエンチャーよって消光できます。細胞での用途に加えて、蛍光BioParticles™コンジュゲートは、細菌や酵母変異体を分類する際のフローサイトメトリーキャリブレーションリファレンスとして有効な場合があります。微小粒子は、サイズと形状が特徴的に異なるため、光散乱研究の参考になる可能性もあります。
While the bacteria have been attenuated with formaldehyde and alcohol desiccation, the BioParticles products are not considered sterile, and we do not recommend incubation of more than 4 hours. This applies to all of our dye-labeled (pHrodo, Alexa Fluor, etc.) and unlabeled BioParticles products.
What is the type of bond that attaches the dyes to the BioParticles probes?
We use amine-reactive dyes to covalently attach fluorescent dyes to all of our BioParticles probes such as the Escherichia coli (K-12 strain) BioParticles probes, Staphylococcus aureus (Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles, and the Zymosan A (S. cerevisiae) BioParticles probes.
What can the BioParticles product line be used for?
Fluorescent Bioparticles have been employed to study phagocytosis by fluorescence microscopy, quantitative spectrofluorometry, and flow cytometry. We offer E.Coli, S. aureus, and zymosan BioParticles conjugates covalently labeled with a variety of different fluorophores.
PLD$ is involved in phagocytosis of microglia: expression and localization changes of PLD4 are correlated with activation state of microglia.
Authors:Otani Y, Yamaguchi Y, Sato Y, Furuichi T, Ikenaka K, Kitani H, Baba H,
Journal:PLoS One
PubMed ID:22102906
Phospholipase D4 (PLD4) is a recently identified protein that is mainly expressed in the ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive microglia in the early postnatal mouse cerebellar white matter. Unlike PLD1 and PLD2, PLD4 exhibits no enzymatic activity for conversion of phosphatidylcholine into choline and phosphatidic acid, and its ... More
Live cell imaging of zebrafish leukocytes.
Authors:Hall C, Flores MV, Crosier K, Crosier P,
Journal:Methods Mol Biol
PubMed ID:19378109
Zebrafish are ideally suited for the live imaging of early immune cell compartments. Macrophages that initially appear on the yolk surface prior to the onset of circulation are the first functional immune cells within the embryo, predating the emergence of the first granulocytic cells-the heterophilic neutrophils. Both cell types have ... More
The activation of P2X7 receptor impairs lysosomal functions and stimulates the release of autophagolysosomes in microglial cells.
Authors:Takenouchi T, Nakai M, Iwamaru Y, Sugama S, Tsukimoto M, Fujita M, Wei J, Sekigawa A, Sato M, Kojima S, Kitani H, Hashimoto M,
Journal:J Immunol
PubMed ID:19201858
Recently, autophagy has been associated with the TLR signaling pathway to eliminate intracellular pathogens in the innate immune system. However, it is unknown if other pathways regulate autophagy during the immunologic response. Given the critical role of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) pathway during various immunologic functions (i.e., caspase activation ... More
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of Drosophila hemocytes reveals important functional similarities to mammalian leukocytes.
Authors:Tirouvanziam R, Davidson CJ, Lipsick JS, Herzenberg LA
Journal:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID:14976247
Drosophila is a powerful model for molecular studies of hematopoiesis and innate immunity. However, its use for functional cellular studies remains hampered by the lack of single-cell assays for hemocytes (blood cells). Here we introduce a generic method combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting and nonantibody probes that enables the selective gating ... More