The power of single and multibeam two-photon microscopy for high-resolution and high-speed deep tissue and intravital imaging.
AuthorsNiesner R, Andresen V, Neumann J, Spiecker H, Gunzer M,
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID17557785
'Two-photon microscopy is indispensable for deep tissue and intravital imaging. However, current technology based on single-beam point scanning has reached sensitivity and speed limits because higher performance requires higher laser power leading to sample degradation. We utilize a multifocal scanhead splitting a laser beam into a line of 64 foci, ... More
a2 Adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of thermogenesis.
AuthorsMadden CJ, Tupone D, Cano G, Morrison SF,
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID23365239
'a2 adrenergic receptor (a2-AR) agonists have been used as antihypertensive agents, in the management of drug withdrawal, and as sedative analgesics. Since a2-AR agonists also influence the regulation of body temperature, we explored their potential as antipyretic agents. This study delineates the central neural substrate for the inhibition of rat ... More
Glucoprivation in the ventrolateral medulla decreases brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity by decreasing the activity of neurons in raphe pallidus.
AuthorsMadden CJ,
JournalAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
PubMed ID22071154
'In urethane/a-chloralose anesthetized rats, cold exposure increased brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (BAT SNA: +699 ± 104% control). Intravenous administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 200 mg·ml(-1)·kg(-1)) reversed the cold-evoked activation of BAT SNA (nadir: 139 ± 36% of control) and decreased BAT temperature (-1.1 ± 0.2°C), expired CO(2) (-0.4 ± ... More
C/EBPbeta phosphorylation rescues macrophage dysfunction and apoptosis induced by anthrax lethal toxin.
AuthorsBuck M, Chojkier M,
JournalAm J Physiol Cell Physiol
PubMed ID17855774
Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) impairs innate and adaptive immunity. Anthrax lethal factor stimulates cleavage of MAPK kinases, which prevents the activation of antiapoptotic MAPK targets. However, these MAPK targets have not been yet identified. Here, we found that LT induces macrophage apoptosis by enhancing caspase 8 activation and by ... More
Central activation of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) induces a hypothermic, torpor-like state in the rat.
AuthorsTupone D, Madden CJ, Morrison SF,
Journal
PubMed ID24005302
Since central activation of A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) plays an important role in the induction of the hypothermic and hypometabolic torpid state in hibernating mammals, we investigated the potential for the A1AR agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine to induce a hypothermic, torpor-like state in the (nonhibernating) rat. Core and brown adipose tissue temperatures, ... More
Inhibition of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by neurons in the ventrolateral medulla and in the nucleus tractus solitarius.
AuthorsCao WH, Madden CJ, Morrison SF,
JournalAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
PubMed ID20410479
Neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular and other autonomic functions. In the present study, we demonstrate an inhibition of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis evoked by activation of neurons in the VLM, as well as ... More
Endogenous activation of spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors contributes to the thermoregulatory activation of brown adipose tissue.
AuthorsMadden CJ, Morrison SF,
JournalAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
PubMed ID20071609
Neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) play an essential role in the regulation of sympathetically mediated metabolism and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The presence of serotonergic neurons in the RPa that are retrogradely labeled following pseudorabies virus injections into BAT suggests that these neurons play a role ... More
Influenza hemagglutinins outside of the contact zone are necessary for fusion pore expansion.
AuthorsLeikina E, Mittal A, Cho MS, Melikov K, Kozlov MM, Chernomordik LV
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15078874
Current models for membrane fusion in diverse biological processes are focused on the local action of fusion proteins present in the contact zone where the proteins anchored in one membrane might interact directly with the other membrane. Are the fusion proteins outside of the contact zone just bystanders? Here we ... More
Activation of TRPV1 in nucleus tractus solitarius reduces brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, arterial pressure, and heart rate.
AuthorsMohammed M, Madden CJ, Andresen MC, Morrison SF
JournalAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
PubMed ID29590555
'The sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates BAT thermogenesis to defend body temperature in cold environments or to produce fever during immune responses. The vagus nerve contains afferents that inhibit the BAT SNA and BAT thermogenesis evoked by skin cooling. We sought to determine whether activation ... More