A phase II study of taxol in patients with malignant melanoma.
AuthorsEinzig AI, Hochster H, Wiernik PH, Trump DL, Dutcher JP, Garowski E, Sasloff J, Smith TJ
JournalInvest New Drugs
PubMed ID1673965
Based on results of a phase I study demonstrating antitumor activity of taxol in patients with melanoma, 34 patients with documented metastatic melanoma received taxol, 250 mg/m2, as a 24-hours infusion, repeated every 21 days, in this phase II study. All patients received premedication with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine and cimetidine. Four ... More
Regulation of melanosome movement in the cell cycle by reversible association with myosin V.
AuthorsRogers SL, Karcher RL, Roland JT, Minin AA, Steffen W, Gelfand VI
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10491390
'Previously, we have shown that melanosomes of Xenopus laevis melanophores are transported along both microtubules and actin filaments in a coordinated manner, and that myosin V is bound to purified melanosomes (Rogers, S., and V.I. Gelfand. 1998. Curr. Biol. 8:161-164). In the present study, we have demonstrated that myosin V ... More
Chemical subdomains within the kinetochore domain of isolated CHO mitotic chromosomes.
AuthorsWordeman L, Steuer ER, Sheetz MP, Mitchison T
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1830054
'We have used indirect immunofluorescence in combination with correlative EM to subdivide the mammalian kinetochore into two domains based on the localization of specific antigens. We demonstrate here that the fibrous corona on the distal face of the kinetochore plate contains tubulin (previously shown by Mitchison, T. J., and M. ... More
Targeted disruption of mouse conventional kinesin heavy chain, kif5B, results in abnormal perinuclear clustering of mitochondria.
AuthorsTanaka Y, Kanai Y, Okada Y, Nonaka S, Takeda S, Harada A, Hirokawa N
JournalCell
PubMed ID9657148
'Mouse kif5B gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. kif5B-/- mice were embryonic lethal with a severe growth retardation at 9.5-11.5 days postcoitum. To analyze the significance of this conventional kinesin heavy chain in organelle transport, we studied the distribution of major organelles in the extraembryonic cells. The null mutant cells ... More
Cdc42-interacting protein 4 mediates binding of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein to microtubules.
AuthorsTian L, Nelson DL, Stewart DM
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10713100
'The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an inherited X-linked immunodeficiency characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, and a tendency toward lymphoid malignancy. Lymphocytes from affected individuals have cytoskeletal abnormalities, and monocytes show impaired motility. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is a multi-domain protein involved in cytoskeletal organization. In a two-hybrid screen, we identified the ... More
Analysis of P-glycoprotein-mediated membrane transport in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the UIC2 shift assay.
AuthorsPark SW, Lomri N, Simeoni LA, Fruehauf JP, Mechetner E
JournalCytometry A
PubMed ID12766968
'BACKGROUND: During transport-associated adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) undergoes conformation transitions detected by UIC2, a functional anti-Pgp monoclonal antibody. A newly developed UIC2 shift assay is based on increased UIC2 reactivity in the presence of Pgp substrates. All peripheral blood leukocytes express low Pgp levels. The existing antibody-based detection methods ... More
Mobility of taxol in microtubule bundles.
AuthorsRoss JL, Fygenson DK
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID12770901
'Mobility of taxol inside microtubules was investigated using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching on flow-aligned bundles. Bundles were made of microtubules with either GMPCPP or GTP at the exchangeable site on the tubulin dimer. Recovery times were sensitive to bundle thickness and packing, indicating that taxol molecules are able to move ... More
Taxol facilitates axon regeneration in the mature CNS.
AuthorsSengottuvel V, Leibinger M, Pfreimer M, Andreadaki A, Fischer D,
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID21325537
'Mature retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) cannot normally regenerate axons into the injured optic nerve but can do so after lens injury. Astrocyte-derived ciliary neurotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor have been identified as essential key factors mediating this effect. However, the outcome of this regeneration is still limited by inhibitors ... More
Kinetic studies of dimeric Ncd: evidence that Ncd is not processive.
AuthorsFoster KA, Gilbert SP
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID10677228
'Ncd is a kinesin-related motor protein which drives movement to the minus-end of microtubules. The kinetics of Ncd were investigated using the dimeric construct MC1 (Leu(209)-Lys(700)) expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE) as a nonfusion protein [Chandra, R., Salmon, E. D., Erickson, H. P., Lockhart, A., and Endow, S. A. ... More
Association of mitogen-activated protein kinases with microtubules in mouse macrophages.
AuthorsDing A, Chen B, Fuortes M, Blum E
JournalJ Exp Med
PubMed ID8666946
'Taxol, a microtubule-binding diterpene, mimics many effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mouse macrophages. The LPS-mimetic effects of taxol appear to be under the same genetic control as responses to LPS itself. Thus we have postulated a role for microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) in the response of macrophages to LPS. Stimulation of ... More
Multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene.
AuthorsLautier D, Canitrot Y, Deeley RG, Cole SP
JournalBiochem Pharmacol
PubMed ID8831715
'Inherent or acquired resistance to multiple natural product drugs is a major obstacle to the success of chemotherapy. Two proteins have been shown to cause this type of multidrug resistance in human tumour cells, the 170 kDa P-glycoprotein and the 190 kDa multidrug resistance protein (MRP). Overexpression of these N-glycosylated ... More
Factors required for the binding of reassembled yeast kinetochores to microtubules in vitro.
AuthorsSorger PK, Severin FF, Hyman AA
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7962081
'Kinetochores are structures that assemble on centromeric DNA and mediate the attachment of chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The protein components of kinetochores are poorly understood, but the simplicity of the S. cerevisiae kinetochore makes it an attractive candidate for molecular dissection. Mutations in genes encoding CBF1 ... More
Apoptosis as a measure of chemosensitivity to cisplatin and taxol therapy in ovarian cancer cell lines.
AuthorsGibb RK, Taylor DD, Wan T, O'Connor DM, Doering DL, Gerçel-Taylor C
JournalGynecol Oncol
PubMed ID9103385
'OBJECTIVE: Cisplatin- and Taxol-induced apoptosis was studied in four human ovarian cancer cell lines to evaluate apoptosis as a measure of chemosensitivity. METHODS: In vitro sensitivities of OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, UL-1, and UL-2 cells to cisplatin or Taxol were determined by the sulforhodamine B assay. Induction of apoptosis was studied by ... More
Repeat motifs of tau bind to the insides of microtubules in the absence of taxol.
AuthorsKar S, Fan J, Smith MJ, Goedert M, Amos LA
JournalEMBO J
PubMed ID12505985
'The tau family of microtubule-associated proteins has a microtubule-binding domain which includes three or four conserved sequence repeats. Pelleting assays show that when tubulin and tau are co- assembled into microtubules, the presence of taxol reduces the amount of tau incorporated. In the absence of taxol, strong binding sites for ... More
Relationships between the structures of taxol and baccatine III derivatives and their in vitro action on the disassembly of mammalian brain and Physarum amoebal microtubules.
AuthorsLataste H, Senilh V, Wright M, Guénard D, Potier P
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID6146136
'The in vitro disassembly of microtubules from mammalian brain and Physarum is inhibited by various derivatives of taxol and baccatine III. Structure-activity relationships of the taxol derivatives were identical for both mammalian brain and Physarum microtubules. This observation suggests that the site of action of taxol has been preserved during ... More
Disruption of microtubules inhibits cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein stress granule formation.
AuthorsIvanov PA, Chudinova EM, Nadezhdina ES
JournalExp Cell Res
PubMed ID14567982
'Stress granules are RNP-containing particles arising in the cytoplasm in response to environmental stress. They are dynamic structures assembling and disassembling in the cytoplasm very rapidly. We have studied whether the cytoskeleton is involved in the formation of stress granules. Stress granules were induced in CV-1 cells by sodium arsenate ... More
The combination of paclitaxel with cisplatin exhibits antagonism in vitro against human melanoma.
AuthorsMohith A, Photiou A, Retsas S
JournalAnticancer Drugs
PubMed ID8826619
'The in vitro cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and cisplatin, alone and in combination, was evaluated against the established human melanoma cell line, G361, with either 1 or 24 h asynchronous paclitaxel exposure using the sulforhodamine B assay. As single agent, the mean cisplatin concentration which inhibited G361 cell growth by 50% ... More
Autocrine motility factor receptor is a marker for a distinct membranous tubular organelle.
AuthorsBenlimame N, Simard D, Nabi IR
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7721946
'Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is secreted by tumor cells and is capable of stimulating the motility of the secreting cells. In addition to being expressed on the cell surface, its receptor, AMF-R, is found within a Triton X-100 extractable intracellular tubular compartment. AMF-R tubules can be distinguished by double immunofluorescence ... More
Binding of taxol to plastic and glass containers and protein under in vitro conditions.
AuthorsSong D, Hsu LF, Au JL,
JournalJ Pharm Sci
PubMed ID8926579
'This study examined the stability and protein binding of taxol in aqueous solution and tissue culture medium. After storage for 19 h in 1% methanolic aqueous solution, the concentration of taxol declined to about 40% in 1.5 mL glass vials, 67% in 1.5 mL polypropylene tubes, and 55% in 1.5 ... More
Characterization of the reversible taxol-induced polymerization of plant tubulin into microtubules.
'Taxol has been reported to induce the polymerization of plant tubulin into microtubules, albeit weakly when compared to that of mammalian tubulin [Morejohn, L.C., & Fosket, D.E. (1984) J. Cell Biol. 99, 141-147], suggesting that taxol, a product of plant secondary metabolism, may interact poorly with plant microtubules. To test ... More
Fluorescent taxoids.
AuthorsGuy R, Scott Z, Sloboda R, Nicolaou K
JournalChem Biol
PubMed ID9000007
'BACKGROUND: Taxol is a natural product produced by the Pacific Yew, Taxus brevifolia, that has emerged as a prominent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid tumors. Taxol''s biochemical mode of action has been well studied: it binds to microtubules, stabilizing them and preventing their depolymerization to tubulin subunits. At ... More
Activities of the microtubule-stabilizing agents epothilones A and B with purified tubulin and in cells resistant to paclitaxel (Taxol(R)).
AuthorsKowalski RJ, Giannakakou P, Hamel E
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8999970
'Epothilones A and B, natural products with minimal structural analogy to taxoids, have effects similar to those of paclitaxel (Taxol(R)) in cultured cells and on microtubule protein, but differ from paclitaxel in retaining activity in multidrug-resistant cells. We examined interactions of the epothilones with purified tubulin and additional cell lines, ... More
bottleneck acts as a regulator of the microfilament network governing cellularization of the Drosophila embryo.
AuthorsSchejter ED, Wieschaus E
JournalCell
PubMed ID8402919
'A dynamic network of cortical microfilaments is associated with the cleavage furrow membranes during cellularization of the Drosophila embryo. A specific set of structural rearrangements in this network is required for orchestration and execution of its mechanistic roles. We describe the characterization of the gene bottleneck (bnk), mutations in which ... More
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates sensitivity of cells to multiple drugs.
AuthorsAbraham I, Hunter RJ, Sampson KE, Smith S, Gottesman MM, Mayo JK
JournalMol Cell Biol
PubMed ID2823117
'The isolation of mutant cell lines affecting the activity of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PK-A) has made it possible to determine the function of this kinase in mammalian cells. We found that both a CHO cell mutant with a defective regulatory subunit (RI) for PK-A and a transfectant cell ... More
Macrophage podosomes assemble at the leading lamella by growth and fragmentation.
AuthorsEvans JG, Correia I, Krasavina O, Watson N, Matsudaira P
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID12756237
'Podosomes are actin- and fimbrin-containing adhesions at the leading edge of macrophages. In cells transfected with beta-actin-ECFP and L-fimbrin-EYFP, quantitative four-dimensional microscopy of podosome assembly shows that new adhesions arise at the cell periphery by one of two mechanisms; de novo podosome assembly, or fission of a precursor podosome into ... More
Molecular recognition of taxol by microtubules. Kinetics and thermodynamics of binding of fluorescent taxol derivatives to an exposed site.
AuthorsDíaz JF, Strobe R, Engelborghs Y, Souto AA, Andreu JM
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10818101
'We have determined the kinetic scheme and the reaction rates of binding to microtubules of two fluorescent taxoids, 7-O-[N-(4''-fluoresceincarbonyl)-l-alanyl]Taxol (Flutax-1) and 7-O-[N-(2,7-difluoro-4''-fluoresceincarbonyl)-l-alanyl]Taxol (Flutax-2). Flutax-1 and Flutax-2 bind to microtubules with high affinity (K(a) approximately 10(7) m(-1), 37 degrees C). The binding mechanism consists of a fast bimolecular reaction followed by ... More
RhoA is required for monocyte tail retraction during transendothelial migration.
AuthorsWorthylake RA, Lemoine S, Watson JM, Burridge K
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11448997
'Transendothelial migration of monocytes is the process by which monocytes leave the circulatory system and extravasate through the endothelial lining of the blood vessel wall and enter the underlying tissue. Transmigration requires coordination of alterations in cell shape and adhesive properties that are mediated by cytoskeletal dynamics. We have analyzed ... More
Molecular motors are differentially distributed on Golgi membranes from polarized epithelial cells.
AuthorsFath KR, Trimbur GM, Burgess DR
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8045931
'Microtubules (MT) are required for the efficient transport of membranes from the trans-Golgi and for transcytosis of vesicles from the basolateral membrane to the apical cytoplasm in polarized epithelia. MTs in these cells are primarily oriented with their plus ends basally near the Golgi and their minus-ends in the apical ... More
P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein mediate specific patterns of multidrug resistance in malignant glioma cell lines, but not in primary glioma cells.
AuthorsBähr O, Rieger J, Duffner F, Meyermann R, Weller M, Wick W
JournalBrain Pathol
PubMed ID14655754
'Understanding and overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) may be a promising strategy to develop more effective pharmacotherapies for malignant gliomas. In the present study, human malignant glioma cell lines (n=12) exhibited heterogeneous mRNA and protein expression and functional activity of the mdr gene-encoded P-glycoprotein (PGP) and MDR-associated protein (MRP). Correlation between ... More
Thermodynamics of ligand-induced assembly of tubulin.
AuthorsDíaz JF, Menéndez M, Andreu JM
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID8104479
'The equilibrium assembly of purified GDP-tubulin into microtubules induced by taxol and Taxotere has been studied as a function of solution variables, ligand, and nucleotide, in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffers. Assembly is coupled to the binding of one taxoid molecule per tubulin heterodimer, while binding to the unassembled protein ... More
The effects of taxol on the organization of the cytoskeleton in cultured ovarian granulosa cells.
AuthorsHerman B, Langevin MA, Albertini DF
JournalEur J Cell Biol
PubMed ID6137363
'Exposure of ovarian granulosa cells to taxol, a potent microtubule assembly promoting and stabilization agent, results in a time and dose-dependent alteration in the organization of cytoplasmic filaments (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments) and organelles. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are used in conjunction with various antimitotic drugs to evaluate ... More
Characteristics of intermittent mitochondrial transport in guinea pig enteric nerve fibers.
AuthorsVanden Berghe P, Hennig GW, Smith TK
JournalAm J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
PubMed ID14592946
'Enteric neurons controlling various gut functions are prone to oxidative insults that might damage mitochondria (e.g., intestinal inflammation). To resume local energy supply, mitochondria need to be transported. We used MitoTracker dyes and confocal microscopy to investigate basic characteristics of mitochondrial transport in guinea pig myenteric neurites. During a 10-s ... More
Transport of cytoskeletal elements in the squid giant axon.
AuthorsTerasaki M, Schmidek A, Galbraith JA, Gallant PE, Reese TS
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID8524791
'In order to explore how cytoskeletal proteins are moved by axonal transport, we injected fluorescent microtubules and actin filaments as well as exogenous particulates into squid giant axons and observed their movements by confocal microscopy. The squid giant axon is large enough to allow even cytoskeletal assemblies to be injected ... More
Outer membrane protein A-promoted actin condensation of brain microvascular endothelial cells is required for Escherichia coli invasion.
AuthorsPrasadarao NV, Wass CA, Stins MF, Shimada H, Kim KS
JournalInfect Immun
PubMed ID10531228
'Escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis during the neonatal period. We have previously shown that the entry of circulating E. coli organisms into the central nervous system is due to their ability to invade the blood-brain barrier, which is composed of a layer of brain ... More
Quantitative fluorescence techniques for the determination of local microtubule polymerization equilibria in cultured neurons.
AuthorsKeith CH
JournalJ Neurosci Methods
PubMed ID1798344
'The local control of intracellular microtubule polymerization equilibria has been hypothesized to be an important factor in the determination of neurite extension and other examples of cellular asymmetry. Provided that the quantum yield of the fluorophore remains constant, the combination of fluorescent analogue cytochemistry, differential extraction protocols, and quantitative video ... More
Roles of kinesin and kinesin-like proteins in sea urchin embryonic cell division: evaluation using antibody microinjection.
AuthorsWright BD, Terasaki M, Scholey JM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8227132
'Previous studies suggest that kinesin heavy chain (KHC) is associated with ER-derived membranes that accumulate in the mitotic apparatus in cells of early sea urchin embryos (Wright, B. D., J. H. Henson, K. P. Wedaman, P. J. Willy, J. N. Morand, and J. M. Scholey. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:817-833). ... More
Taxol-induced flexibility of microtubules and its reversal by MAP-2 and Tau.
AuthorsDye RB, Fink SP, Williams RC
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8096507
'When microtubules, ordinarily quite rigid structures, are treated in vitro with the anti-tumor drug taxol, they rapidly develop a wavy appearance and become strikingly flexible. A quantitative measure of their flexibility, the reciprocal statistical length, lambda, increases by an order of magnitude when taxol is bound. Subsequent addition of either ... More
Phosphate release during microtubule assembly: what stabilizes growing microtubules?
AuthorsVandecandelaere A, Brune M, Webb MR, Martin SR, Bayley PM
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID10387063
'The molecular mechanism underlying microtubule dynamic instability depends on the relationship between the addition of tubulin-GTP to a growing microtubule and its hydrolysis in the microtubule lattice to tubulin-GDP, with release of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Since this relationship remains controversial, we have re-examined the release of Pi upon microtubule assembly ... More
Paclitaxel induces programmed cell death in MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells.
AuthorsMcCloskey DE, Kaufmann SH, Prestigiacomo LJ, Davidson NE
JournalClin Cancer Res
PubMed ID9816240
'The ability of paclitaxel, one of the most active chemotherapeutic agents against breast cancer, to induce programmed cell death in hormone-independent MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells was assessed. Treatment of MDA-MB-468 cells led to growth inhibition, high-molecular-weight and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis-associated morphological changes after either 3- or 24-h ... More
Structure-specific recognition protein 1 facilitates microtubule growth and bundling required for mitosis.
AuthorsZeng SX, Li Y, Jin Y, Zhang Q, Keller DM, McQuaw CM, Barklis E, Stone S, Hoatlin M, Zhao Y, Lu H,
JournalMol Cell Biol
PubMed ID19995907
'Tight regulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics is essential for proper chromosome movement during mitosis. Here we show, using mammalian cells, that structure-specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) is a novel regulator of MT dynamics. SSRP1 colocalizes with the spindle and midbody MTs, and associates with MTs both in vitro and in ... More
Taxol: an antimitotic agent with a new mechanism of action.
AuthorsManfredi JJ, Horwitz SB
JournalPharmacol Ther
PubMed ID6149569
Plant antitumor agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia.
AuthorsWani MC, Taylor HL, Wall ME, Coggon P, McPhail AT
JournalJ Am Chem Soc
PubMed ID5553076
Cytologic evidence that taxol, an antineoplastic agent from Taxus brevifolia, acts as a mitotic spindle poison.
AuthorsFuchs DA, Johnson RK
JournalCancer Treat Rep
PubMed ID688258
Taxol binds to polymerized tubulin in vitro.
AuthorsParness J, Horwitz SB
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID6118377
The effect of phalloidin and jasplakinolide on the flexibility and thermal stability of actin filaments.
AuthorsVisegrády B, Lorinczy D, Hild G, Somogyi B, Nyitrai M
JournalFEBS Lett
PubMed ID15135072
In this work the effect of phalloidin and jasplakinolide on the dynamic properties and thermal stability of actin filaments was studied. Temperature dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements showed that filaments of Ca-actin became more rigid in the presence of phalloidin or jasplakinolide. Differential scanning calorimetric data implied that the ... More
Inactivation of Bcl-2 by phosphorylation.
AuthorsHaldar S, Jena N, Croce CM
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID7753834
The antiapoptosis potential of Bcl-2 protein is well established, but the mechanism of Bcl-2 action is still poorly understood. Using the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid or the chemotherapeutic drug taxol, we found that Bcl-2 was phosphorylated in lymphoid cells. Phospho amino acid analysis revealed that Bcl-2 was phosphorylated on serine. ... More
Localization of endoplasmic reticulum in living and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells with fluorescent dyes.
AuthorsTerasaki M, Song J, Wong JR, Weiss MJ, Chen LB
JournalCell
PubMed ID6432338
Certain fluorescent dyes, previously reported to localize mitochondria, when used at higher concentrations also localize a continuous net-like structure in both living and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. A similar reticular structure can be detected by phase-contrast microscopy and whole-mount electron microscopy in potassium permanganate-fixed cells as well. This structure is mostly tubular, ... More
Rhodopsin's carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail acts as a membrane receptor for cytoplasmic dynein by binding to the dynein light chain Tctex-1.
AuthorsTai AW, Chuang JZ, Bode C, Wolfrum U, Sung CH
JournalCell
PubMed ID10399916
The interaction of cytoplasmic dynein with its cargoes is thought to be indirectly mediated by dynactin, a complex that binds to the dynein intermediate chain. However, the roles of other dynein subunits in cargo binding have been unknown. Here we demonstrate that dynein translocates rhodopsin-bearing vesicles along microtubules. This interaction ... More
Bidirectional translocation of neurofilaments along microtubules mediated in part by dynein/dynactin.
Neuronal cytoskeletal elements such as neurofilaments, F-actin, and microtubules are actively translocated by an as yet unidentified mechanism. This report describes a novel interaction between neurofilaments and microtubule motor proteins that mediates the translocation of neurofilaments along microtubules in vitro. Native neurofilaments purified from spinal cord are transported along microtubules ... More
In vitro formation of the endoplasmic reticulum occurs independently of microtubules by a controlled fusion reaction.
AuthorsDreier L, Rapoport TA
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10704440
We have established an in vitro system for the formation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Starting from small membrane vesicles prepared from Xenopus laevis eggs, an elaborate network of membrane tubules is formed in the presence of cytosol. In the absence of cytosol, the vesicles only fuse to form large ... More
Oligomeric tubulin in large transporting complex is transported via kinesin in squid giant axons.
AuthorsTerada S, Kinjo M, Hirokawa N
JournalCell
PubMed ID11051554
Slow axonal transport depends on an active mechanism that conveys cytosolic proteins. To investigate its molecular mechanism, we now constructed an in vitro experimental system for observation of tubulin transport, using squid giant axons. After injecting fluorescence-labeled tubulin into the axons, we monitored the movement of fluorescence by confocal laser ... More
Myosin XI-dependent formation of tubular structures from endoplasmic reticulum isolated from tobacco cultured BY-2 cells.
AuthorsYokota E, Ueda H, Hashimoto K, Orii H, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimmen T,
JournalPlant Physiol
PubMed ID21427277
The reticular network of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of tubular and lamellar elements and is arranged in the cortical region of plant cells. This network constantly shows shape change and remodeling motion. Tubular ER structures were formed when GTP was added to the ER vesicles isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana ... More
Microtubule assembly by the Apc protein is regulated by importin-beta--RanGTP.
AuthorsDikovskaya D, Li Z, Newton IP, Davidson I, Hutchins JR, Kalab P, Clarke PR, Näthke IS,
JournalJ Cell Sci
PubMed ID20144988
Mutations in the tumour suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) initiate most sporadic colorectal cancers. Apc is implicated in regulating microtubule (MT) dynamics in interphase and mitosis. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism or regulation of this Apc function. We identified importin-beta as a binding partner of Apc that ... More
Visualization of the peroxisomal compartment in living mammalian cells: dynamic behavior and association with microtubules.
Peroxisomes in living CV1 cells were visualized by targeting the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to this subcellular compartment through the addition of a COOH-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (GFP-PTS1). The organelle dynamics were examined and analyzed using time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two types of movement could be distinguished: a ... More
Calcium-independent cytoskeleton disassembly induced by BAPTA.
AuthorsSaoudi Y, Rousseau B, Doussière J, Charrasse S, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Morin N, Sautet-Laugier C, Denarier E, Scaïfe R, Mioskowski C, Job D,
JournalEur J Biochem
PubMed ID15265045
In living organisms, Ca2+ signalling is central to cell physiology. The Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) has been widely used as a probe to test the role of calcium in a large variety of cell functions. Here we show that in most cell types BAPTA has a potent actin and ... More
Improvement in nuclear entry and transgene expression of baculoviruses by disintegration of microtubules in human hepatocytes.
AuthorsSalminen M, Airenne KJ, Rinnankoski R, Reimari J, Välilehto O, Rinne J, Suikkanen S, Kukkonen S, Ylä-Herttuala S, Kulomaa MS, Vihinen-Ranta M,
JournalJ Virol
PubMed ID15708991
Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), a potent virus for mammalian cell gene delivery, possesses an ability to transduce mammalian cells without viral replication. We examined the role of the cellular cytoskeleton in the cytoplasmic trafficking of viral particles toward the nucleus in human hepatic cells. Microscopic studies showed that capsids ... More
Rapid microtubule-independent dynamics of Cdc20 at kinetochores and centrosomes in mammalian cells.
AuthorsKallio MJ, Beardmore VA, Weinstein J, Gorbsky GJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID12196507
Cdc20 is a substrate adaptor and activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), the E3 ubiquitin ligase whose activity is required for anaphase onset and exit from mitosis. A green fluorescent protein derivative, Cdc20-GFP, bound to centrosomes throughout the cell cycle and to kinetochores from late prophase to late telophase. We ... More
Microtubule-associated protein tau is phosphorylated by protein kinase C on its tubulin binding domain.
AuthorsCorreas I, Díaz-Nido J, Avila J
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID1639808
We have analyzed the in vitro phosphorylation of tau protein by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, casein kinase II, and proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase. These kinases phosphorylate tau protein in sites localized in different regions of the molecule, as determined by peptide mapping analyses. Focusing on the phosphorylation of tau by protein ... More
Tumor necrosis factor induces hyperphosphorylation of kinesin light chain and inhibits kinesin-mediated transport of mitochondria.
AuthorsDe Vos K, Severin F, Van Herreweghe F, Vancompernolle K, Goossens V, Hyman A, Grooten J
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10851018
The molecular motor kinesin is an ATPase that mediates plus end-directed transport of organelles along microtubules. Although the biochemical properties of kinesin are extensively studied, conclusive data on regulation of kinesin-mediated transport are largely lacking. Previously, we showed that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor induces perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. ... More
Drug-induced changes of cytoskeletal structure and mechanics in fibroblasts: an atomic force microscopy study.
AuthorsRotsch C, Radmacher M
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID10620315
The effect of various drugs affecting the integrity of different components of the cytoskeleton on the elasticity of two fibroblast cell lines was investigated by elasticity measurements with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Disaggregation of actin filaments always resulted in a distinct decrease in the cell's average elastic modulus indicating ... More
Microtubule retraction into the uropod and its role in T cell polarization and motility.
AuthorsRatner S, Sherrod WS, Lichlyter D
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9233597
Spherical circulating T cells must polarize to extravasate. We have found that the polarization process includes a drastic reconfiguration of the tubulin cytoskeleton. In spherical T cells, the nucleus is surrounded by microtubules radiating from the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). During polarization the uropod (a slender posterior appendage) forms at ... More
Microtubules in Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and their importance for invasion of erythrocytes.
AuthorsFowler RE, Fookes RE, Lavin F, Bannister LH, Mitchell GH
JournalParasitology
PubMed ID9836307
Plasmodium falciparum merozoites have an array of 2-3 subpellicular microtubules, designated f-MAST. We have previously shown that colchicine inhibits merozoite invasion of erythrocytes, indicating a microtubular involvement in this process. Colchicine inhibition of invasion was reduced by the Taxol-stabilization of merozoite microtubules prior to colchicine exposure. Immunofluorescence assays showed that ... More
Interaction of the Golgi membranes isolated from rabbit liver with microtubules in vitro.
AuthorsMurata M, Itoh TJ, Kagiwada S, Hishida R, Hotani H, Ohnishi S
JournalBiol Cell
PubMed ID1393149
We have developed a reconstituted model system to study the interaction of the Golgi membranes isolated from rabbit liver with taxol-stabilized bovine-brain microtubules without microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The Golgi membranes are associated with microtubules. The sheets of vesicles and the membranous tubules are observed along microtubules by direct visualization using ... More
A hyaluronic acid-taxol antitumor bioconjugate targeted to cancer cells.
AuthorsLuo Y, Ziebell MR, Prestwich GD
JournalBiomacromolecules
PubMed ID11710102
A cell-targeted polymeric prodrug prepared from Taxol and chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA) was evaluated in vitro. Herein we report four results in support of the selective uptake and targeted toxicity of the HA-Taxol prodrug. First, a fluorescently labeled HA-Taxol (FITC-HA-Taxol) was synthesized and used to demonstrate cell-specific binding and ... More
Purification and characterization of native conventional kinesin, HSET, and CENP-E from mitotic hela cells.
AuthorsDeLuca JG, Newton CN, Himes RH, Jordan MA, Wilson L
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11382767
We have developed a strategy for the purification of native microtubule motor proteins from mitotic HeLa cells and describe here the purification and characterization of human conventional kinesin and two human kinesin-related proteins, HSET and CENP-E. We found that the 120-kDa HeLa cell conventional kinesin is an active motor that ... More
Do photobleached fluorescent microtubules move?: re-evaluation of fluorescence laser photobleaching both in vitro and in growing Xenopus axon.
AuthorsOkabe S, Hirokawa N
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7679673
We previously documented differences in the behavior of microtubules in growing axons of two types of neurons, adult mouse sensory neurons and Xenopus embryonal spinal cord neurons. Namely, the bulk of microtubules was stationary in mouse sensory neurons both by the method of photoactivation of caged-fluorescein-labeled tubulin and photobleaching of ... More
Regulation of microtubule dynamics and myogenic differentiation by MURF, a striated muscle RING-finger protein.
AuthorsSpencer JA, Eliazer S, Ilaria RL, Richardson JA, Olson EN
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10953002
The RING-finger domain is a novel zinc-binding Cys-His protein motif found in a growing number of proteins involved in signal transduction, ubiquitination, gene transcription, differentiation, and morphogenesis. We describe a novel muscle-specific RING-finger protein (MURF) expressed specifically in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells throughout pre- and postnatal mouse development. MURF ... More
Localization of D1 dopamine receptors on live cultured striatal neurons by quantitative fluorescence microscopy.
AuthorsHoyt KR, Reynolds IJ
JournalBrain Res
PubMed ID8883850
Single neurons in culture express a heterogeneity of neurotransmitter receptor subtypes. The study of the effects of neurotransmitters on neuronal function is complicated by this heterogeneity. It would therefore be useful to be able to identify live neurons that express the receptors of interest and then use these neurons for ... More
Alterations to the cytoskeleton of erythrocytes infected with frog erythrocytic virus: a fluorescence and electron microscopic study.
AuthorsGruia-Gray J, Desser SS
JournalBiochem Cell Biol
PubMed ID1354967
Erythrocytes of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) infected with frog erythrocytic virus are spheroid and their nucleus is displaced. In contrast, uninfected cells are ellipsoid and have a centralized nucleus. Fluorescent staining revealed that these changes are correlated with alterations to components of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton. Uninfected erythrocytes contained a broad, continuous ... More
Paclitaxel activation of the GADD153 promoter through a cellular injury response element containing an essential Sp1 binding site.
AuthorsGately DP, Howell SB
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8702804
The GADD153 promoter is transcriptionally activated by paclitaxel-induced injury. Promoter deletion from -786 to -85 base pairs relative to the start of transcription had no significant effect on activation, but deletion to the TATA box abolished it. Placement of the 39 bases from -74 to the TATA box (cellular injury ... More
EPR spectroscopy shows a microtubule-dependent conformational change in the kinesin switch 1 domain.
AuthorsNaber N, Rice S, Matuska M, Vale RD, Cooke R, Pate E
JournalBiophys J
PubMed ID12719248
We have used site-directed spin-labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor a conformational change at the nucleotide site of kinesin. Cys-lite kinesin (K349 monomer) with the mutation S188C was spin labeled with MSL or MTSL. This residue is at the junction between the switch 1 region (which is a ... More
Brefeldin A-dependent membrane tubule formation reconstituted in vitro is driven by a cell cycle-regulated microtubule motor.
AuthorsRobertson AM, Allan VJ
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10712511
Treatment of cultured cells with brefeldin A (BFA) induces the formation of extensive membrane tubules from the Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network, and early endosomes in a microtubule-dependent manner. We have reconstituted this transport process in vitro using Xenopus egg cytosol and a rat liver Golgi-enriched membrane fraction. The presence of ... More
Randomization of cortical microtubules in root epidermal cells induces root hair initiation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings.
AuthorsTakahashi H, Hirota K, Kawahara A, Hayakawa E, Inoue Y
JournalPlant Cell Physiol
PubMed ID12668782
Root hair formation is induced when lettuce seedlings are transferred from liquid medium at pH 6.0 to fresh medium at pH 4.0. If seedlings are transferred to pH 6.0, no root hairs are formed. We investigated the role of microtubules in this low pH-induced root hair initiation in lettuce. At ... More
Reconstitution of ATP-dependent movement of endocytic vesicles along microtubules in vitro: an oscillatory bidirectional process.
AuthorsMurray JW, Bananis E, Wolkoff AW
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10679004
We have previously used the asialoglycoprotein receptor system to elucidate the pathway of hepatocytic processing of ligands such as asialoorosomucoid (ASOR). These studies suggested that endocytic vesicles bind to and travel along microtubules under the control of molecular motors such as cytoplasmic dynein. We now report reconstitution of this process ... More
Taxol-induced microtubule asters in mitotic extracts of Xenopus eggs: requirement for phosphorylated factors and cytoplasmic dynein.
AuthorsVerde F, Berrez JM, Antony C, Karsenti E
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1671864
Taxol, a microtubule stabilizing drug, induces the formation of numerous microtubule asters in the cytoplasm of mitotic cells (De Brabander, M., G. Geuens, R. Nuydens, R. Willebrords, J. DeMey. 1981. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78:5608-5612). The center of these asters share with spindle poles some characteristics such as the ... More
Release of kinesin from vesicles by hsc70 and regulation of fast axonal transport.
AuthorsTsai MY, Morfini G, Szebenyi G, Brady ST
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10848636
The nature of kinesin interactions with membrane-bound organelles and mechanisms for regulation of kinesin-based motility have both been surprisingly difficult to define. Most kinesin is recovered in supernatants with standard protocols for purification of motor proteins, but kinesin recovered on membrane-bound organelles is tightly bound. Partitioning of kinesin between vesicle ... More
Microinjected carboxylated beads move predominantly poleward in sea urchin eggs.
AuthorsWadsworth P
JournalCell Motil Cytoskeleton
PubMed ID2891449
Observations on living mitotic cells have suggested that material in the spindle moves poleward during mitosis. In order to investigate this movement, sea urchin eggs have been microinjected with 0.25-micron diameter carboxylated fluorescent beads. When fluorescent beads were injected into unfertilized Lytechinus variegatus eggs, no motility was detected. When injected ... More
Ether lipid-induced cell damage of neuroblastoma cells is only weakly correlated with increased intracellular Ca2+ levels.
AuthorsBrinkmeier H, Schneider M, Rüdel R
JournalCell Calcium
PubMed ID8793178
The cell-damaging action of the ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 was studied in single NH15-CA2 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells using light microscopy, and correlated with changes of the free intracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, as measured with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fura-2. Addition of 3-100 microM ET-18-OCH3 to the cultures caused disintegration ... More
The EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein p22 associates with microtubules in an N-myristoylation-dependent manner.
AuthorsTimm S, Titus B, Bernd K, Barroso M
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10512881
Proteins containing the EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding motif, such as calmodulin and calcineurin B, function as regulators of various cellular processes. Here we focus on p22, an N-myristoylated, widely expressed EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein conserved throughout evolution, which was shown previously to be required for membrane traffic. Immunofluorescence studies show that p22 distributes ... More
Spreading of human neutrophils is immediately preceded by a large increase in cytoplasmic free calcium.
AuthorsKruskal BA, Shak S, Maxfield FR
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID3458251
When human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are placed on various surfaces, they attach and spread rapidly, increasing their diameter severalfold. The spreading is associated with extensive changes in the cytoskeleton. Since many cytoskeletal events are regulated by Ca2+, we measured the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in individual human PMN as ... More
Identification of a tight junction-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Rho and regulates paracellular permeability.
AuthorsBenais-Pont G, Punn A, Flores-Maldonado C, Eckert J, Raposo G, Fleming TP, Cereijido M, Balda MS, Matter K
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID12604587
Rho family GTPases are important regulators of epithelial tight junctions (TJs); however, little is known about how the GTPases themselves are controlled during TJ assembly and function. We have identified and cloned a canine guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of the Dbl family of proto-oncogenes that activates Rho and associates ... More
Taxol suppresses dynamics of individual microtubules in living human tumor cells.
AuthorsYvon AM, Wadsworth P, Jordan MA
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10198049
Microtubules are intrinsically dynamic polymers, and their dynamics play a crucial role in mitotic spindle assembly, the mitotic checkpoint, and chromosome movement. We hypothesized that, in living cells, suppression of microtubule dynamics is responsible for the ability of taxol to inhibit mitotic progression and cell proliferation. Using quantitative fluorescence video ... More
How taxol modulates microtubule disassembly.
AuthorsCaplow M, Shanks J, Ruhlen R
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID7916343
Measurement of the affinity of microtubules for the anti-cancer drug taxol is problematic, because microtubules are not stable at the very low concentrations required to detect taxol dissociation. We have circumvented this problem by using the GTP analogue GMP-CPP (guanylyl alpha, beta-methylenediphosphonate), which renders microtubules sufficiently stable to allow binding ... More
The complex dynamic network of microtubule and microfilament cytasters of the leech zygote.
AuthorsCantillana V, Urrutia M, Ubilla A, Fernández J
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID11087633
The organization of the cytoskeleton in the early first interphase zygote and its involvement in organelle redistribution were studied in the glossiphoniid leech Theromyzon trizonare by confocal and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and time-lapse video imaging after microinjection of labeled tubulin and/or actin and loading with a mitotracker. The cytoskeleton consists ... More
Assembly of purified GDP-tubulin into microtubules induced by taxol and taxotere: reversibility, ligand stoichiometry, and competition.
AuthorsDíaz JF, Andreu JM
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID8096151
Purified tubulin fully liganded to GDP at the exchangeable nucleotide binding site has been prepared by a new direct nucleotide exchange procedure. This normally inactive GDP-tubulin is driven to assemble into microtubules by the binding of the antitumor drug taxol or its more soluble side-chain analogue Taxotere in Mg(2+)-containing buffer, ... More
Fast kinetics of Taxol binding to microtubules. Effects of solution variables and microtubule-associated proteins.
AuthorsDíaz JF, Barasoain I, Andreu JM
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12496245
The kinetics of Taxol association to and dissociation from stabilized microtubules has been measured by competition with the reference fluorescent derivative Flutax-1 (Diaz, J. F., Strobe, R., Engelborghs, Y., Souto, A. A., and Andreu, J. M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 26265-26276). The association rate constant at 37 degrees C ... More
Microtubule stabilization leads to growth reorientation in Arabidopsis trichomes.
AuthorsMathur J, Chua NH
JournalPlant Cell
PubMed ID10760237
The single-cell trichomes in wild-type Arabidopsis are either unbranched or have two to five branches. Using transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein4 fusion protein, which decorates the microtubular cytoskeleton, we observed that during trichome branching, microtubules reorient with respect to the longitudinal growth axis. Considering branching to ... More
Cytoskeletal reorganizations responsible for the phorbol ester-induced formation of cytoplasmic processes: possible involvement of intermediate filaments.
AuthorsBershadsky AD, Ivanova OY, Lyass LA, Pletyushkina OY, Vasiliev JM, Gelfand IM
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID1968640
The tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces characteristic reversible changes of cell shape in certain fibroblastic lines: motile lamellas are transformed into noncontractile narrow processes; simultaneously, the actin microfilament network of lamellas is locally disorganized. This reaction to PMA may be regarded as a prototype of reorganizations involving formation ... More
Actin-dependent lamellipodia formation and microtubule-dependent tail retraction control-directed cell migration.
AuthorsBallestrem C, Wehrle-Haller B, Hinz B, Imhof BA
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10982396
Migrating cells are polarized with a protrusive lamella at the cell front followed by the main cell body and a retractable tail at the rear of the cell. The lamella terminates in ruffling lamellipodia that face the direction of migration. Although the role of actin in the formation of lamellipodia ... More
Spastin, the protein mutated in autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia, is involved in microtubule dynamics.
AuthorsErrico A, Ballabio A, Rugarli EI
JournalHum Mol Genet
PubMed ID11809724
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs, caused by the specific degeneration of the corticospinal tracts, the longest axons in humans. Most cases of the autosomal dominant form of the disease are due to mutations in the SPG4 gene, which encodes spastin, ... More
The kinetochore microtubule minus-end disassembly associated with poleward flux produces a force that can do work.
AuthorsWaters JC, Mitchison TJ, Rieder CL, Salmon ED
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID8898361
During metaphase and anaphase in newt lung cells, tubulin subunits within the kinetochore microtubule (kMT) lattice flux slowly poleward as kMTs depolymerize at their minus-ends within in the pole. Very little is known about how and where the force that moves the tubulin subunits poleward is generated and what function ... More
Interaction of tau with the neural membrane cortex is regulated by phosphorylation at sites that are modified in paired helical filaments.
AuthorsMaas T, Eidenmüller J, Brandt R
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10747907
The axonal microtubule-associated phosphoprotein tau interacts with neural plasma membrane (PM) components during neuronal development (Brandt, R., Léger, J., and Lee, G. (1995) J. Cell Biol. 131, 1327-1340). To analyze the mechanism and potential regulation of tau's PM association, a method was developed to isolate PM-associated tau using microsphere separation ... More
Lysophosphatidic acid and microtubule-destabilizing agents stimulate fibronectin matrix assembly through Rho-dependent actin stress fiber formation and cell contraction.
AuthorsZhang Q, Magnusson MK, Mosher DF
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9285815
Fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly is a cell-dependent process mediated by cell surface-binding sites for the 70-kDa amino-terminal region of FN. We have shown recently that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a stimulator of FN matrix assembly. Disruption of microtubules has been shown to mimic some of the intracellular effects of LPA ... More
Interactions among endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, and retrograde movements of the cell surface.
AuthorsTerasaki M, Reese TS
JournalCell Motil Cytoskeleton
PubMed ID7859292
Relationships among the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), microtubules, and bead movements on the cell surface were investigated in the thin peripheral region of A6 cells, a frog kidney cell line. ER tubules were often aligned with microtubules, as shown by double-labeling with DiOC6(3) and anti-tubulin in fixed cells. In living cells ... More
Pathway of ATP hydrolysis by monomeric and dimeric kinesin.
AuthorsMoyer ML, Gilbert SP, Johnson KA
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID9454569
The ATPase mechanism for a monomeric Drosophila kinesin construct, K341, was determined by pre-steady-state kinetic methods and compared to dimeric kinesin, K401. We directly measured the kinetics of binding mantATP (a fluorescent ATP analog) to the microtubule K341 complex, the dissociation of K341 from the microtubule, and release of phosphate ... More
Taxol-lipid interactions: taxol-dependent effects on the physical properties of model membranes.
AuthorsBalasubramanian SV, Straubinger RM
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID7913831
Taxol (paclitaxel) is a diterpenoid anticancer agent undergoing intensive human clinical evaluation. The poor aqueous solubility of taxol necessitates administration in excipients causing a variety of adverse effects, including anaphylactoid hypersensitivity reactions. Recently, taxol has been formulated in better-tolerated drug carriers such as liposomes. We investigated the conformation of taxol ... More
Analysis of MAP 4 function in living cells using green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeras.
AuthorsOlson KR, McIntosh JR, Olmsted JB
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7622564
MAP 4 is a ubiquitous microtubule-associated protein thought to play a role in the polymerization and stability of microtubules in interphase and mitotic cells. We have analyzed the behavior of protein domains of MAP 4 in vivo using chimeras constructed from these polypeptides and the green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP-MAP ... More
Microtubule independent vesiculation of Golgi membranes and the reassembly of vesicles into Golgi stacks.
AuthorsVeit B, Yucel JK, Malhotra V
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8104190
We have recently shown that ilimaquinone (IQ) causes the breakdown of Golgi membranes into small vesicles (VGMs for vesiculated Golgi membranes) and inhibits vesicular protein transport between successive Golgi cisternae (Takizawa et al., 1993). While other intracellular organelles, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments are not affected, we have found that ... More
Cold-activation of Brassica napus BN115 promoter is mediated by structural changes in membranes and cytoskeleton, and requires Ca2+ influx.
AuthorsSangwan V, Foulds I, Singh J, Dhindsa RS
JournalPlant J
PubMed ID11489178
Previous studies on cold-triggered events leading to Ca2+ influx during cold acclimatization have been conducted on either unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis or plant cell suspensions, and used transcript levels of cold-induced genes as end-point markers. Whether the results of these studies are valid for intact plants or their organs is not ... More
Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive biodegradable system for paclitaxel delivery.
AuthorsPotineni A, Lynn DM, Langer R, Amiji MM
JournalJ Control Release
PubMed ID12526819
The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize a pH-sensitive biodegradable polymeric nanoparticulate system for tumor-selective paclitaxel delivery. A representative hydrophobic poly(beta-amino ester) (poly-1) was synthesized by conjugate addition of 4,4'-trimethyldipiperidine with 1,4-butanediol diacrylate. Poly-1 (M(n) 10,000 daltons) nanoparticles were prepared by the controlled solvent displacement method ... More