Phalloidin Labeling Probes

Citations & References (70)

Invitrogen™

Phalloidin Labeling Probes

Name: Phalloidin Labeling Probes
SKU: A12381
Price: 1.010.88 USD

Achieve precise and reliable F-actin staining with fluorescent and biotinylated phalloidins. Phalloidin conjugates are widely used in imaging applications to selectively label F-actin in a variety of sample types including fixed and permeabilized cells, tissue sections, and cell-free experiments.

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Catalog Number	Color	Excitation Wavelength Range	Dye Type
A12381	Red	581/609 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 594
A22281	Blue	346/442 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 350
A30104	Violet	405/450 nm	Alexa Fluor™ Plus 405
A12379	Green	495/518 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 488
F432	Green	496/516 nm	FITC (Fluorescein)
R415	Red-orange	540/565 nm	TRITC
A22283	Orange	556/570 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 546
A34055	Orange	555/565 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 555
A30106	Orange	555/565 nm	Alexa Fluor Plus 555
B3475	Red	558/569 nm	BODIPY™
A12380	Orange-red	578/600 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 568
T7471	Red	591/608 nm	Texas Red™
A22284	Far-red	632/647 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 633
A34054	Far-red	633/647 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 635
A22287	Far-red	650/668 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 647
A30107	Far-red	650/668 nm	Alexa Fluor Plus 647
A22286	Near-infrared	679/702 nm	Alexa Fluor™ 680
A30105	Near-infrared	758/784 nm	Alexa Fluor™ Plus 750
P3457	None	None	Phalloidin (unlabeled)

19 Options

Catalog number A12381

Price (USD)

1.010,88

Each

Add to cart

Color:

Red

Excitation Wavelength Range:

581/609 nm

Dye Type:

Alexa Fluor™ 594

Price (USD)

1.010,88

Each

Add to cart

Fluorescent and biotinylated phalloidins are water soluble and bind to filamentous actin (F-actin) with nanomolar affinity, making them convenient probes for labeling, identifying, and quantifying F-actin in cryopreserved tissue sections, fixed and permeabilized cells, and cell-free experiments. Phalloidin conjugates bind similarly to actin from various species, including plants and animals, enabling staining of the cytoskeleton in a wide range of samples.

A variety of phalloidin conjugates for filamentous (F-actin) staining are available, including fluorescent Alexa Fluor and Alexa Fluor Plus phalloidins, along with phalloidins conjugated to classic fluorescent dyes such as BODIPY, fluorescein, and rhodamine. Phalloidin staining is spectrally compatible with other fluorescent stains used in cellular analyses such as GFP/RFP, Qdot nanocrystals, and other Alexa Fluor conjugates and antibodies. Biotin‐XX Phalloidin can be used to visualize actin filaments via fluorescent streptavidin tags or standard enzyme-mediated avidin/streptavidin techniques such as in electron microscopy. Unlabeled phalloidin is available for use as a control in blocking F‐actin staining or in promoting polymerization.

Phalloidin conjugates bind to both large and small actin filaments with similar affinity in a 1:1 stoichiometry between phallotoxin and actin subunits. They do not bind G-actin monomers.

Alexa Fluor and Alexa Fluor Plus phalloidin conjugates for F-actin staining

Fluorescent Alexa Fluor dye conjugates of phalloidin are popular F-actin stains, offering color choices across the full spectral range. These phalloidin conjugates provide researchers with fluorescent probes that are superior in brightness and photostability compared to other spectrally similar conjugates.

Alexa Fluor Plus Phalloidin conjugates retain the same specificity for actin but offer 3-5 times greater sensitivity and brightness compared to the corresponding Alexa Fluor Phalloidin conjugate. This increased brightness is beneficial for challenging F-actin imaging, such as the super‐resolution microscopy methods SIM and STORM, and for reliable staining of actin stress fibers.

Features of phalloidin probes

High specificity—binds selectively to F-actin, which allows for precise labeling of actin filaments in fixed cells and cryopreserved tissues
Strong affinity—nanomolar binding affinity for F-actin, which ensures stable and reliable actin staining
Extensive fluorescent conjugate options—over twenty conjugated varieties of phalloidin
Compatibility with fixed samples—typically used with fixed cells and tissues, making them suitable for actin staining in detailed structural studies, immunofluorescence staining, and IHC applications
Multiplexing capability—the wide availability of phalloidin conjugates enables their use in combination with other fluorescent probes and antibodies for multiplex imaging. Biotinylated phalloidin can be made use of in downstream streptavidin steps.
Quantitative analysis—can be used for quantitative analysis of F-actin distribution and density within cells, aiding in the study of cytoskeletal dynamics. The unlabeled phalloidin can be titrated as a control.
Ease of use—staining is straightforward and quick
Excellent stability—exhibit good photostability, which is essential for prolonged imaging sessions and time-lapse studies
Wide applicability—used for a range of applications, including studying cell morphology, motility, and the effects of drugs on the actin cytoskeleton

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Specifications

ColorRed

Dye TypeAlexa Fluor™ 594

Excitation Wavelength Range581/609 nm

For Use With (Equipment)Fluorescence Microscope, Flow Cytometer, Confocal Microscope, Compatible with Texas Red filter set

Product LineAlexa Fluor

Quantity300 Units

Shipping ConditionRoom Temperature

Label TypeAlexa Fluor Dyes

Product TypePhalloidin

SubCellular LocalizationActin, Cytoskeleton

Unit SizeEach

Contents & Storage

Store in freezer -5°C to -30°C and protect from light.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

How should I prepare the stock solution for Alexa Fluor 594 Phalloidin (Cat. No. A12381)?

We recommend preparing a DMSO stock solution. This is done by dissolving the vial contents in 150 µL of anhydrous DMSO to yield a 400X stock solution at a concentration of 2,000 assays/mL, which is equivalent to approximately 66 µM. The DMSO stock solution is stable for at least one year, when stored at ≤ –20 degrees C. This solution has been tested for stability. for 5 freeze/thaw cycles. Aliquot the stock solution if additional freeze/thaw cycles are needed.
Note: One unit/assay of fluorescent phalloidins is equivalent to 0.5 µL of the DMSO stock solution.

To prepare a methanol stock solution, dissolve the vial contents in 1.5 mL of methanol to yield a 40X stock solution at a concentration of 200 assays/mL, which is equivalent to approximately 6.6 µM.
Note: One unit/assay of fluorescent phalloidins is equivalent to 5 µL of the methanolic stock solution.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

Can I combine Click-iT or Click-iT Plus reactions with phalloidin conjugates used for actin staining?

We do not recommend using phalloidin conjugates for staining actin in combination with traditional Click-iT or Click-iT Plus reactions since phalloidin is extremely sensitive to the presence of copper.

For staining actin in combination with traditional Click-iT or Click-iT Plus reactions, we recommend using anti-α-actin antibodies for staining actin in the cytoskeleton. You can find a list of our actin antibodies here.

Another option would be to use the Click-iT Plus Alexa Fluor Picolyl Azide Toolkit (Cat. Nos. C10641, C10642, C10643). These Click-iT Plus toolkits provide Copper and Copper protectant separately which makes it easier to titrate the copper concentration to obtain optimal labeling with minimal copper-mediated damage. You may need to optimize the click reaction with the lowest possible concentration of copper and then perform the phalloidin staining.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

I'm trying to label my paraffin sections for F-actin with a phalloidin conjugate, but I'm not seeing any signal. Why?

When cells and tissues are treated with solvents such as xylene or acetone (for example during deparaffinization of tissue sections), it affects the F-actin in a way that prevents phalloidins from binding. Phalloidin may be used with cryosections, which are not typically washed with organic solvents, or anti-actin antibodies may be used.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

Citations & References (70)

Citations & References

Abstract

Intimin types alpha, beta, and gamma bind to nucleolin with equivalent affinity but lower avidity than to the translocated intimin receptor.

Authors:Sinclair JF, O'Brien AD

Journal:J Biol Chem

PubMed ID:15173179

The outer membrane adhesins of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that mediate attach and efface intestinal lesions are classified as intimin alpha, beta, and gamma, respectively. Each of these intimin types binds to its cognate, bacterially encoded receptor (called Tir for translocated intimin receptor) ... More

UGO1 encodes an outer membrane protein required for mitochondrial fusion.

Authors:Sesaki H, Jensen RE

Journal:J Cell Biol

PubMed ID:11257114

'Membrane fusion plays an important role in controlling the shape, number, and distribution of mitochondria. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the outer membrane protein Fzo1p has been shown to mediate mitochondrial fusion. Using a novel genetic screen, we have isolated new mutants defective in the fusion of their mitochondria. One ... More

LIM kinase 2 is widely expressed in all tissues.

Authors:Acevedo K, Moussi N, Li R, Soo P, Bernard O

Journal:J Histochem Cytochem

PubMed ID:16399995

'The LIM kinase family includes two proteins: LIMK1 and LIMK2. These proteins have identical genomic structure and overall amino acid identity of 50%. Both proteins regulate actin polymerization via phosphorylation and inactivation of the actin depolymerizing factors ADF/cofilin. Although the function of endogenous LIMK1 is well established, little is known ... More

Essential role of CIB1 in regulating PAK1 activation and cell migration.

Authors:Leisner TM, Liu M, Jaffer ZM, Chernoff J, Parise LV

Journal:J Cell Biol

PubMed ID:16061695

'p21-activated kinases (PAKs) regulate many cellular processes, including cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell migration. In this study, we report a direct and specific interaction of PAK1 with a 22-kD Ca2+-binding protein, CIB1, which results in PAK1 activation both in vitro and in vivo. CIB1 binds to PAK1 within discrete regions surrounding ... More

Cleavage and shedding of E-cadherin after induction of apoptosis.

Authors:Steinhusen U, Weiske J, Badock V, Tauber R, Bommert K, Huber O

Journal:J Biol Chem

PubMed ID:11076937

'Apoptotic cell death induces dramatic molecular changes in cells, becoming apparent on the structural level as membrane blebbing, condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus, and loss of cell-cell contacts. The activation of caspases is one of the fundamental steps during programmed cell death. Here we report a detailed analysis of ... More

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