DiOC₂(3) (3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide)

DiOC<sub>2</sub>(3) (3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide)

Citations & References (33)

Invitrogen™

DiOC₂(3) (3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide)

DiOC2(3) is a membrane potential probe. It has been used to analyze bacterial viability by flow cytometry using fluorescence emissionRead more

Catalog Number	Quantity
D14730	100 mg

Catalog number D14730

Price (CLP)

Quantity:

100 mg

DiOC₂(3) is a membrane potential probe. It has been used to analyze bacterial viability by flow cytometry using fluorescence emission ratio detection.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Specifications

Detection MethodFluorescence

Quantity100 mg

Shipping ConditionRoom Temperature

Sub Cellular LocalizationCell Membranes & Lipids

ColorGreen

For Use With (Equipment)Fluorescence Microscope

Product TypeDiOC2(3)

Unit SizeEach

Contents & Storage

Store at room temperature and protect from light.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

I am seeing high background outside of my neuronal cells when using membrane potential indicators. What can I do to reduce background?

If you use our FluoVolt Membrane Potential Kit (Cat. No. F10488), the kit provides a background suppressor to reduce this problem. For other indicators, consider the use of BackDrop Background Suppressor (Cat no. R37603, B10511, and B10512).

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

I stained my cells with a lipophilic cyanine dye, like DiI, but the signal was lost when I tried to follow up with antibody labeling. Why?

Since these dyes insert into lipid membranes, any disruption of the membranes leads to loss of the dye. This includes permeabilization with detergents like Triton X-100 or organic solvents like methanol. Permeabilization is necessary for intracellular antibody labeling, leading to loss of the dye. Instead, a reactive dye such as CFDA SE should be used to allow for covalent attachment to cellular components, thus providing for better retention upon fixation and permeabilization.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

What is the difference between fast and slow-response membrane potential probes?

Molecules that change their structure in response to the surrounding electric field can function as fast-response probes for the detection of transient (millisecond) potential changes. Slow-response dyes function by entering depolarized cells and binding to proteins or membranes. Increased depolarization results in additional dye influx and an increase in fluorescence, while hyperpolarization is indicated by a decrease in fluorescence. Fast-response probes are commonly used to image electrical activity from intact heart tissues or measure membrane potential changes in response to pharmacological stimuli. Slow-responding probes are often used to explore mitochondrial function and cell viability.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

What type of membrane potential indicators do you offer and how should I choose one for my experiment?

A membrane potential indicator selection guide can be found here (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-viability-and-regulation/ion-indicators/membrane-potential-indicators.html).

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

How long does it take for lipophlic tracers to transport along the membrane? How much faster are the FAST lipophilic dyes?

The transport is fairly slow, around 6 mm/day in live tissue and slower in fixed tissue, so diffusion of lipophilic carbocyanine tracers from the point of their application to the terminus of a neuron can take several days to weeks The FAST DiO and DiI analogs (which have unsaturated alkyl tails) can improve transport rate by around 50%.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

View all DiOC₂(3) (3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide) FAQs

Citations & References (33)

Citations & References

Abstract

Analysis of P-glycoprotein-mediated membrane transport in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the UIC2 shift assay.

Authors:Park SW, Lomri N, Simeoni LA, Fruehauf JP, Mechetner E

Journal:Cytometry A

PubMed ID:12766968

'BACKGROUND: During transport-associated adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) undergoes conformation transitions detected by UIC2, a functional anti-Pgp monoclonal antibody. A newly developed UIC2 shift assay is based on increased UIC2 reactivity in the presence of Pgp substrates. All peripheral blood leukocytes express low Pgp levels. The existing antibody-based detection methods ... More

Fluorescent cationic probes of mitochondria. Metrics and mechanism of interaction.

Authors:Bunting JR, Phan TV, Kamali E, Dowben RM

Journal:Biophys J

PubMed ID:2605307

'Mitochondria strongly accumulate amphiphilic cations. We report here a study of the association of respiring rat liver mitochondria with several fluorescent cationic dyes from differing structural classes. Using gravimetric and fluorometric analysis of dye partition, we find that dyes and mitochondria interact in three ways: (a) uptake with fluorescence quenching, ... More

The repetitive calcium waves in the fertilized ascidian egg are initiated near the vegetal pole by a cortical pacemaker.

Authors:Speksnijder JE

Journal:Dev Biol

PubMed ID:1397683

'Ascidian eggs respond to fertilization with a series of repetitive calcium waves that originate mostly from the vegetal/contraction pole region (J. E. Speksnijder, C. Sardet, and L. F. Jaffe, 1990, Dev. Biol. 142, 246-249), where the myoplasm is concentrated during the first phase of ooplasmic segregation. This suggests that the ... More

Transmembrane inhibitors of P-glycoprotein, an ABC transporter.

Authors:Tarasova NI, Seth R, Tarasov SG, Kosakowska-Cholody T, Hrycyna CA, Gottesman MM, Michejda CJ

Journal:J Med Chem

PubMed ID:15916428

'Drug resistance mediated by ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) continues to be a major impediment to effective cancer chemotherapy. We have developed a panel of highly specific peptide inhibitors of P-gp based on the structure of the transmembrane domains of the transporter. These peptides are thought to exert their ... More

DiOC2(3) is not a substrate for multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-mediated drug efflux.

Authors:Minderman H, Vanhoefer U, Toth K, Yin MB, Minderman MD, Wrzosek C, Slovak ML, Rustum YM

Journal:Cytometry

PubMed ID:8875050

'Multidrug resistance (MDR) is often related to expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP). Pgp-mediated MDR can be evaluated by determining cellular retention of fluorescent substrates by flow cytometry. This study determined if agents used to evaluate Pgp function also can be used to evaluate MRP function. Cellular ... More

View all DiOC₂(3) (3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide) citations

DiOC2(3) (3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide)

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

I am seeing high background outside of my neuronal cells when using membrane potential indicators. What can I do to reduce background?

I stained my cells with a lipophilic cyanine dye, like DiI, but the signal was lost when I tried to follow up with antibody labeling. Why?

What is the difference between fast and slow-response membrane potential probes?

What type of membrane potential indicators do you offer and how should I choose one for my experiment?

How long does it take for lipophlic tracers to transport along the membrane? How much faster are the FAST lipophilic dyes?

Citations & References (33)

DiOC₂(3) (3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine Iodide)