N-Bromosuccinimide is a chemical reagent used in electrophilic additions and radical substitution reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. In Wohl-Ziegler reaction, it is involved in allylic and benzylic bromination reaction. It is also used in the alfa-bromination of carbonyl derivatives. In the Hofmann rearrangement, it is used in the presence of a strong base, such as 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) reacts with primary amides to produce a carbamate. It oxidizes silyl ethers to aldehydes in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile. It is also used for the modification of ribosomal sulfhydryl groups.
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Aplicaciones
La N-bromosuccinimida es un reactivo químico utilizado en adiciones electrofílicas y reacciones de sustitución radical en química orgánica sintética. En la reacción de Wohl-Ziegler, está implicada en la reacción de bromación alílica y bencílica. También se utiliza en la alfa-bromación de derivados de carbonilo. En el reordenamiento Hofmann, se utiliza en presencia de una base fuerte, como 1,8-Diazabiciclo[5.4.0]undec-7-eno (DBU) reacciona con amidas primarias para producir un carbamato. Oxida los éteres de sililo a aldehídos en presencia de azobisisobutironitrilo. También se utiliza para la modificación de los grupos de sulfhidrilo ribosomal.
Solubilidad
Soluble en acetona, tetrahidrofurano, dimetilformamida, dimetilsulfóxido y acetonitrilo. Ligeramente soluble en agua y ácido acético. Insoluble en éter, hexano y tetracloruro de carbono.
Nota
Sensible a la humedad y a la luz. Incompatible con agentes oxidantes fuertes, ácidos fuertes, bases fuertes, hierro, sales de hierro, hidrocarburos halogenados, aminas y metales. Almacenar en lugar fresco.
RUO – Research Use Only
General References:
- Source of free-radical or positive bromine. For examples of radical benzylic bromination (Wohl-Ziegler), see: Org. Synth. Coll., 4, 921 (1963); 5, 145, 329, 825 (1973). The use of the ozone depleting solvent CCl4 has been avoided by the use of the ionic liquid 1-n-Butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, L19086 : Synlett, 702 (2003). Cleavage of carbohydrate benzyl ethers: J. Org. Chem., 55, 378 (1990), and of benzyl esters: Synlett, 219 (1994), occur under mild conditions; the benzyl group is converted to benzaldehyde. For allylic bromination, see e.g.: Org. Synth. Coll., 4, 108 (1963);.9, 112, 191 (1998) review: Chem. Rev., 43, 271 (1948).
- For free-radical ɑ-bromination of a Boc glycine ester, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 9, 526 (1998).
- Both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes are converted to acyl bromides under free-radical conditions: Tetrahedron Lett., 3809 (1979); Synlett, 347 (1990); Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 7237 (1990).
- In acetonitrile, NBS is a mild and regiospecific nuclear brominating agent for activated aromatics such as methoxybenzenes and naphthalenes: J. Org. Chem., 60, 5328 (1995). Deactivated aromatics, e.g. nitroarenes and benzotrifluorides, can be m-brominated under mild conditions in good yield with NBS in TFA, in the presence of H2SO4: Synlett, 1245 (1999).
- In the presence of a phosphine or phosphite, converts alcohols to alkyl bromides with inversion: Tetrahedron Lett., 3937 (1973). For a review of this and related reactions, see: Org. React., 29, 1 (1983).