Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads are 4.5-μm superparamagnetic beads covalently coupled with an optimized combination of anti-human CD3 and anti-human CD28 antibodies and intended for ex vivo activation and expansion/proliferation of human T cells. T cells are one of the most important cells in the immune system and are responsible for fighting off infections and cancer and are therefore intensively used in many cancer and disease studies.

Benefits of Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads include:
• Easy—activate and expand T cells without using feeder cells (antigen-presenting cells)
• Efficient—reproducible method and high T-cell expansion rate (up to 1,000-fold expansion)
• No contamination—using magnetic beads avoids contamination of soluble antibodies or mitogens
• Functional—activated T cells retain in vivo-like function

Simple and fast procedure
Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads offer a simple method for the activation and expansion of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T helper cells, or CD8+ T cytotoxic cells. Pre-isolated T cells are activated by adding the beads and human recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) to the cell culture. Optimal expansion is performed when appropriate T-cell medium is used, such as CTS OpTmizer T Cell Expansion SFM. Human T cells activated with Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads can be used to stimulate B cell proliferation and plasma B cell development.

Activation of human T cells
Short time activation: activation of T cells with Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads for a few hours to a few days. This procedure does not expand the cells, and proteomics expression/detection and nucleic acid assays can be performed. The cell:bead complexes cannot be used in flow cytometry in this phase.

Long-term activation/expansion: activation of T cells with Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads for three days to a few weeks to obtain an expansion of the T cells. When experiencing reduced expansion or cell shrinking, the T cells can be restimulated with the Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads. The beads can be removed with a DynaMag magnet and used in applications like cell:cell interaction studies, flow cytometry, proteomics, or nucleic acid-based assays.

Pre-isolate the human T cells
To obtain the most optimal activation and expansion, pure T cells can be isolated directly from human whole blood or from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with Dynabeads magnetic beads. For positive bead-based isolation of human CD3, CD4, or CD8 T cells from whole blood or PBMC with a release, use our Dynabeads Human FlowComp products. For negative isolation of human CD3, CD4, or CD8 T cells from PBMC, use our Dynabeads Untouched Human cell products.

Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 applications
The development and execution of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells allow T cells to target specific biomarkers on a range of cell types. CAR-T cells are constructed to have the CD28 and CD3 activating domains on the CAR that greatly enhances the Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads. Research into the use specific CAR-T cells against non-small cell lung cancers has demonstrated the importance of the activation beads (Li, et al, 2018). In addition, in vitro activation and expansion of B cells relies entirely on T cell activation. The use of activation beads is paramount for B cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro (Wang et al, 2017).

Alternative activation products, from mouse to clinic
• For ex vivo activation and expansion of human T cells for cell-based therapy, use the aseptically manufactured CTS Dynabeads CD3/CD28
• For activation of mouse T cells, use Dynabeads Mouse T Activator CD3/CD28
• For activation of human regulatory T cells (Tregs), use Dynabeads CD3/CD28 Treg Expander
• For activation of human antigen-specific T cells, use Dynabeads Human T Activator CD3/CD28/CD137

Commercial supply
Our manufacturing sites are ISO 13485–certified. Bead characteristics and manufacturing conditions help ensure consistency and batch reproducibility, making them an ideal choice for commercial supply. If you are utilizing Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 beads in a commercial product or service or need a larger bulk volume of this product, please contact us at oemdynal@lifetech.com or read more on our Dynabeads OEM page.

References
Li N, Liu S, Sun M, Chen W, Xu X, Zeng Z, Tang Y, Dong Y, Chang AH, Zhao Q. Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells Redirected to EphA2 for the Immunotherapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Transl Oncol. 2018 Feb;11(1):11-17.

Wang D, Fløisand Y, Myklebust CV, Bürgler S, Parente-Ribes A, Hofgaard PO, Bogen B, Taskén K, Tjønnfjord GE, Schjesvold F, Dalgaard J, Tveita A, Munthe LA. Autologous bone marrow Th cells can support multiple myeloma cell proliferation in vitro and in xenografted mice. Leukemia. 2017 Oct;31(10):2114-2121.