AKT1, CHUK, ELK1, FOS, GRB2, HRAS, IKBKB, IKBKE, IKBKG, IL2, IL2RA, IL2RB, IL2RG, JAK1, JAK3, JUN, KRAS, LCK, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP2K3, MAP2K4, MAP2K5, MAP2K6, MAPK1, MAPK10, MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13, MAPK14, MAPK3, MAPK6, MAPK7, MAPK8, MAPK9, MRAS, MYC, NFAT5, NFATC1, NFATC2, NFATC3, NFATC4, NFKB1, NFKB2, NFKBIA, NFKBIB, ...NFKBIE, NRAS, PIK3C2A, PIK3C2B, PIK3C2G, PIK3C3, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, PIK3R3, PIK3R4, PIK3R5, PLCG1, PLCG2, PPP3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3CC, PPP3R1, PPP3R2, PRKCA, PRKCB, PRKCD, PRKCE, PRKCG, PRKCH, PRKCI, PRKCQ, PRKCZ, PRKD1, PRKD3, PTEN, RAF1, REL, RELA, RELB, RRAS, RRAS2, SHC1, SHC2, SHC3, SOS1, SOS2, STAT5B, SYK
View More... View Less...

IL-2 (Interleukin-2) is a T-Cell-derived cytokine important in the regulation of growth and differentiation of T-Cells, B-Cells, natural killer cells, glioma cells, and cells of the monocyte lineage after specifically interacting with its receptors. Human ... IL-2 is a 133-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 15-18 kDa. IL-2 signaling is mediated by a multichain receptor complex consisting of an alpha (CD25), beta (CD122), and gamma (CD132) chain. The IL-2R (IL-2 Receptor) Alpha subunit primarily increases the affinity of ligand binding and is not known to contain a signaling domain, whereas the beta and gamma subunits participate in both ligand binding and signal transduction. The IL-2R signaling system proceeds through at least three different pathways, which mediate the flow of mitogenic and survival-promoting signals. One of the pathways proceeds through protein tyrosine kinase activity, Ras and the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) cascade, leading to expression of the proto-oncogenes c-Fos, c-Jun, and Elk1. The Syk that is responsible for c-Myc gene induction initiates the second pathway. The final pathway results in the mediation of several signaling mechanisms including PI3K (Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase) and Akt/PKB (Protein Kinase-B). IL-2R signaling activates PI3K which catalyses phosphorylation of inositol phosphates. These act as second messengers and recruit molecules such as Akt kinase to the cell membrane. Akt kinase is further activated by phosphorylation and subsequently positively or negatively regulates the activity of downstream targets like PKB. IL-2 also activates Lck (Lymphocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase), which is involved in T-cell receptor signaling.
View More... View Less...