AIFM1, AKT1, APAF1, ATM, BAD, BAK1, BAX, BBC3, BCL2, BCL2L1, BCL2L11, BID, BIRC2, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9, CDKN2A, CFLAR, CHEK2, CHUK, CYCS, DAPK3, DAXX, DFFA, DFFB, DIABLO, EGFR, ENDOG, F2RL3, FADD, FAS, FASLG, HTRA2, IGF1, IGF1R, IKBKB, IKBKE, IKBKG, IL2, IL6, KDR, KIT, MDM2, MET, NFKB1, NFKB2, NFKBIA, NFKBIB, NFK...BIE, P53AIP1, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, PARP4, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, PMAIP1, PPID, PRKCA, PRKCB, PRKCD, PRKCE, PRKCZ, REL, RELA, RELB, RIPK1, RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2, RPS6KA3, RPS6KA4, RPS6KA5, SLC25A4, SLC25A5, SLC25A6, TGFB1, TNF, TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF1A, TNFSF10, TNFSF12, TP53, TRADD, TRAF2, TSPO, VDAC1, VDAC2, VDAC3
View More... View Less...

Apoptosis is a naturally occurring process by which a cell is directed to Programmed Cell Death. Apoptosis is based on a genetic program that is an indispensable part of the development and function of an organism. In this process, cells that are no longe ...r needed or that will be detrimental to an organism or tissue are disposed of in a neat and orderly manner; this prevents the development of an inflammatory response, which is often associated with Necrotic cell death. There are at least two broad pathways that lead to Apoptosis, an \"Extrinsic\" and an \"Intrinsic\" Pathway. The Extrinsic pathway begins outside a cell, when conditions in the extracellular environment determine that a cell must die. . Based on the triggering stimulus and nature of the components involved, at least two Apoptotic pathways can be differentiated; one involving Receptor Systems and the other triggered by Cytotoxic Stress. Receptor mediated pathways include those activated by Death ligands. Death Receptors are Cell surface Receptors that transmit Apoptotic signals initiated by specific ligands and play a central role in instructive Apoptosis. The Intrinsic Apoptosis pathway begins when an injury occurs within the cell. Intrinsic cytotoxic stresses such as Oncogenes, direct DNA damage, Hypoxia, and survival factor deprivation, can activate the Intrinsic Apoptotic pathway. p53 is a sensor of cellular stress and is a critical activator of the intrinsic pathway. In both pathways, signaling results in the activation of a family of Cys (Cysteine) Proteases, named Caspases that act in a proteolytic cascade to dismantle and remove the dying cell.
View More... View Less...