CASP1, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9, CD27, CD40, CD40LG, CD70, CHUK, EDA, EDA2R, EDAR, FADD, FAS, FASLG, FOS, IKBKB, IKBKE, IKBKG, JUN, LTA, LTB, LTBR, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP2K3, MAP2K4, MAP2K6, MAP3K7, MAP3K7IP1, MAP3K7IP2, MAPK10, MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13, MAPK14, MAPK8, MAPK9, NFKB1, NFKB2, NFKBIA, NFKBIB, NFKBIE, NGF, NGF...R, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, REL, RELA, RELB, SRC, TNF, TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF10C, TNFRSF10D, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF11B, TNFRSF12A, TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF13C, TNFRSF14, TNFRSF17, TNFRSF18, TNFRSF19, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, TNFRSF21, TNFRSF25, TNFRSF4, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF9, TNFSF10, TNFSF11, TNFSF12, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B, TNFSF14, TNFSF18, TNFSF4, TNFSF8, TNFSF9, TRADD, TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF3, TRAF5, TRAF6
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Members of the TNF (Tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily play pivotal roles in numerous biological events in metazoan organisms. Ligand-mediated trimerization by corresponding homo- or hetero-trimeric ligands, the TNF family proteins, causes recrui ...tment of several intracellular adaptors, which activate multiple signal transduction pathways. TNF receptors can be classified into three major groups, based upon their cytoplasmic sequences and signaling properties. The first group, including Fas, TNFR1, DR3, DR4, DR5, and DR6, contains a DD (Death Domain) in the cytoplasmic tail. Fas, DR4 and DR5 interact with the FADD (Fas-Associated Death Domain) while TNFR1 and DR3 interact with the adaptor TRADD (TNFR-Associated Death Domain). These molecules, in turn cause activation of the Caspase cascade and induction of apoptosis. The second group includes TNFR2, CD40, CD30, CD27, LT-BetaR, OX40, 4-1BB, BAFFR, BCMA, TACI, RANK, p75NGFR, HVEM (Herpes Virus Entry Mediator), GITR, TROY, EDAR, XEDAR, and Fn14. These receptors contain one or more TIM (TRAF Interacting Motifs) in their cytoplasmic tails. Activation of TIM containing TNFR lead to recruitment of TRAF family members, and activation of multiple signal transduction. The third group of TNF receptor family members, including DcR1, DcR2, and Opg, does not contain functional intracellular signaling domains or motifs. Although this group of receptors cannot provide intracellular signaling, they can effectively compete with the other two signaling groups of receptors for their corresponding ligands.
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