ACTB, ACVR1, ACVR2B, ACVRL1, ATF2, ATF4, B2M, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP7, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPR2, CACNA1B, CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1E, CACNA1F, CACNA1G, CACNA1H, CACNA1I, CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNA2D2, CACNA2D3, CACNA2D4, CACNB1, CACNB2, CACNB3, CACNB4, CACNG1, CACNG2, CACNG3, CACNG4, CACNG5, CACNG6, CACNG7, CACNG8, CAMK4, CRE...B1, CREB3, CREB3L4, CREBBP, EP300, FOS, FOXH1, GATA1, GATA2, GATA3, GATA4, GATA5, GATA6, HMBS, JUN, MAP3K7, MAP3K7IP1, MAP3K7IP2, MAPK10, MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13, MAPK14, MAPK8, MAPK9, NFKB1, NFKB2, NKX2-5, OAZ1, PGK1, PPIA, PRKACA, PRKACB, PRKACG, PRKAR1A, PRKAR1B, PRKAR2A, PRKAR2B, REL, RELA, RELB, RPLP0, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, SMAD6, SMAD7, SMAD9, STAT3, TBP, TFRC, UBC
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BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins) are a large subclass (more than 20 members) of the TGF-Beta (Transforming Growth Factor-Beta) super family that is active in many tissues under normal physiological conditions, and are regulated through reversible intera ...ctions with extracellular antagonists, including noggin, chordin, follistatin, and DAN. These interactions determine the bioavailability of different BMPs for binding to their cognate receptors and activation of down-stream responses. BMPs themselves are further classified into several subgroups on the basis of sequence similarities and homology. Although originally named because of their ability to induce ectopic bone formation, cartilage condensation, chondrocyte maturation, and interdigital cell death, BMPs are involved in many developmental processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and intercellular interactions during morphogenesis. Members of the BMP family also function in a gene dosage dependent manner during development and participate in ocular development. Therefore, mutations that alter the level of BMPs or alter the degree of BMP signaling are candidates that contribute to Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and other conditions involving anterior segment malformation, elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP), and glaucoma. Interestingly, some BMPs modulate tooth morphogenesis and Axenfeld-Rieger patients present with dental abnormalities.
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