Secondary antibodies may be either too specific (e.g., recognize only one host species of primary antibody) or too general (e.g., recognize whole IgG and any fragments thereof). In most cases, these limitations can be overcome by carefully designing the experimental system and choosing the appropriate secondary antibody. The following considerations are useful to help choose a secondary antibody:
Determine the host species of the primary antibody (e.g., mouse anti-tubulin).
Select an appropriate host species for the secondary antibody-you will need a secondary antibody that is raised in a species different from the host species of the primary antibody (e.g., goat anti-mouse IgG).
Consider cross-reactivity or specificity issues of the secondary antibody.
Highly cross-absorbed-for multiple-labeling applications or when using samples with endogenous antibodies.
Specificity-binds to correct fragments, classes, or chains of the primary antibody.
Use an appropriate detection or purification method.
Label-appropriately conjugated to the correct enzyme, tag, or fluorophore for the chosen detection method.
Ability to bind to Protein A, Protein G, or Protein L-make sure the secondary antibody chosen has sufficient affinity for the molecules used upstream or downstream (i.e., Protein A-coated microplates).
Consider requirements of the supplied secondary antibody.
Supplied state-sterile liquid or lyophilized, suspended in PBS or Tris buffer, contains carrier proteins such as gelatin or albumin or the addition of stabilizers such as sucrose or microbial inhibitors.
Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Protein Assays and Analysis Support Center.
Answer Id: E12596
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