Immunology at Work is here for you, whether you want to review the basics, gain more in-depth knowledge, or discover the latest research tools. This resource hub contains rich and reliable technical content designed for new and experienced life scientists alike exploring the field of immunology.
This is your resource for detailed markers for immune cell types and subtypes. Find CD and non-CD markers for both human and mouse immune cells with alternate antigen names, antigen distribution, and function.
Discover the different immune cells and their role in immunology. For each cell category, you can find information on its development, differentiation, effector function, and role in disease, as well as common methods used for its study and cellular markers that are relevant for phenotyping. Click on the cell type below to learn more.
Natural Killer cells
NK cells kill pathogen infected cells and cancer cells. They also release cytokines, which alert and attract other immune cells.
T Helper 1 cells
Lineage of CD4+ T helper cells that promote immune response required for host defense against intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens.
T Follicular Helper cells
Subset of CD4+ T helper cells that trigger germinal center B cells into antibody-secreting plasma and memory B cells.
Monocytes
Circulating immune cells that engulfs (phagocytosis) and activates other immune cells.
T Helper 2 cells
Lineage of CD4+ T helper cells that promote humoral immunity critical for host defense against extracellular pathogens.
Cytotoxic T cells
T cells, also know as CD8+ cells, that kill virus infected cells and cancer cells by releasing toxic chemicals.
Macrophages
Professional phagocytic tissue resident cells that destroy foreign antigens/cells by phagocytosis. They release cytokines that attract and activates other immune cells.
Regulatory T cells
T cells critical to the maintenance of self-tolerance and immune cell homeostasis.
Dendritic cells
Phagocytic antigen presenting cells with an important role in alerting T cells to new pathogens. They act as key mediators between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
T Helper 17 cells
CD4+ T helper cells that play a critical role in the activation of other immune cells such as B cells and cytotoxic T cells, as well as in the regulation of immune responses.
B Cells
B cells play a critical role in the adaptive immune response, producing high-affinity antibodies, acting as antigen-presenting cells, and secreting cytokines.
Granulocytes
Granulocytes are a heterogenous category of leukocytes, comprising neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells.
Inflammation
Inflammation is an organism’s protective response to pathogens, infection, or tissue damage and involves the coordinated communication of a variety of immune cells and blood vessels. Understand the general phenomenon of inflammation and triggers to the process.
Cytokine storm
Learn about cell types, cytokines, and markers involved with uncontrolled inflammation.
Pattern recognition receptors
Find information on pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) including pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecules patterns (DAMPs).
Viral life cycle
Find information on viral attachment and entry, replication, maturation, and release.
Interferons
Interferon (IFN) proteins are a family of cytokines secreted by host cells to modulate the immune response. Find information on interferon types and induction.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Cytokines are small secreted proteins that are key modulators of inflammation. Discover how pro-inflammatory cytokines play a role in the immune response.
Protocols for Immunology
Apply the background information provided throughout this resource center with practical and relevant application protocols. Browse by application or technique:
Cell preparation and immune cell stimulation
Find detailed protocols on the isolation of the different immune cells starting from whole blood or lymphoid tissue and various methods to stimulate them.
Sample preparation
Protocols covering isolation of RNA from immune cells to sample preparation for immunoassays.
Flow cytometry
Detailed protocols on staining, compensation, and validated antibody panels.
Immunoassays
Find general protocols for ELISA, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry.
Flow Cytometry Protocols Handbook
Protocols that fit your needs in flow cytometry ranging from sample preparation to numerous cell stimulation conditions, staining, immunophenotyping and data analysis strategies.
Research Tools for Immunology
Digital tools to make your experimental planning easier.
Flow Cytometry Panel Builder
Choose the optimal combination of fluorochromes for your flow cytometry experiments with this simplified guided tool.
Cell Culture Media Formulation Tool
Fluorescence SpectraViewer
ProcartaPlex Panel BuilderVideo Tutorials for Immunology Research
Find on-demand tutorials and register for upcoming webinars to get firsthand knowledge of the latest technologies to accelerate your immunology research.
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Featured webinar
Cell-based assays to functionally characterize immunotherapy and the immune response to viral infection.
Meet the Scientists
Learn about the scientists who helped put this resource center together.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
