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A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Bone marrow, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.
The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.
CD61 (GPIIIa) is a glycoprotein found on megakaryocytes, platelets and their precursors. CD61 antigen plays a role in platelet aggregation and also as a receptor for fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor and vitronectin. Clone 2f2 will prove useful in detecting neoplastic platelet precursors, normal platelets and most cases of megakaryocytic leukemia.
Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.
Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.
CD61, also known as GPIIIa or ITGB3, is a 105 kDa glycoprotein expressed on activated T cells, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, platelets, and their precursors. It plays a crucial role in platelet aggregation and functions as a receptor for fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, vitronectin, and thrombospondin. CD61 forms heterodimeric complexes by associating non-covalently with integrin alpha subunits: alphaV (CD51) to create the Vitronectin Receptor and alphaIIb (CD41) to form gpIIb/IIIa. These complexes are responsible for adhesion to extracellular matrix components, facilitating cell adhesion and cell-surface mediated signaling. CD61 is expressed on platelets and megakaryocytes in association with CD41, and on endothelial cells, monocytes, and osteoclasts in association with CD51. The protein product of CD61 is composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain, which can combine with multiple partners to form different integrins. Its involvement in cell adhesion and signaling underscores its importance in normal physiological processes. Dysfunction of CD61 is associated with diseases such as Glanzmann Thrombasthenia and Platelet type-16 Bleeding Disorder, highlighting its critical role in hemostasis and platelet function.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.
Protein Aliases: antigen CD61; CD61; glycoprotein IIIa precursor; GPIIIa; integrin beta 3; integrin beta chain, beta 3; Integrin beta-3; integrin beta-3 subunit; integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61); plate glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa); Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa
Gene Aliases: BDPLT16; BDPLT2; BDPLT24; CD61; GP3A; GPIIIa; GT; GT2; ITGB3
UniProt ID: (Human) P05106
Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 3690
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