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Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta is synthesized in response to inflammatory stimuli as a 31 kDa inactive pro-form that accumulates in the cytosol. Cleavage of pro-IL-1 beta into the active 17 kDa protein requires the activation of inflammasomes, which are multi-protein complexes that respond to pathogens, stress conditions, and other danger signals. Inflammasome activation triggers the processing of the caspase-1 precursor into its active form, which in turn cleaves pro-IL-1 beta. IL-1 beta lacks a signal sequence peptide for classical ER/Golgi pathway and is secreted alongside caspase-1 via an alternate and incompletely understood mechanism. Although IL-1 beta is most often secreted in its active form, secretion of the uncleaved protein may be detectable under some biological conditions. IL-1 beta signals through two receptors, IL-1RI and IL-1RII, both of which are shared with IL-1 alpha. IL-1 beta activity can be moderated by IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), a protein produced by many cell types that blocks receptor binding through competitive inhibition. IL-1 beta play an important role in innate host defense by triggering the production of other proinflammatory cytokines in target cells and initiating acute-phase responses to infection and injury. Elevated levels of IL-1 beta have been associated with many chronic inflammatory conditions IL-1 beta neutralizing antibodies potential therapeutic value.
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Protein Aliases: Catabolin; Hematopoietin 1 (H1); IFN beta inducing factor; il 1b; IL 1β; IL-1 beta; IL1 B; IL1β; ILN; Interleukin; Interleukin 1 beta precursor; interleukin 1, beta; interleukin 1, beta 1; Interleukin-1 beta; Interleukin-1b; Interleukin1 beta; LAF; Lymphocyte proliferation-potentiating factor; Osteoclast activating factor (OAF); preinterleukin 1 beta; Pro interleukin 1 beta; pro-interleukin-1-beta; prointerleukin-1 beta
Gene Aliases: IL-1; Il-1b; IL-1beta; IL1-BETA; IL1B; IL1B1; IL1F2
UniProt ID: (Bovine) P09428, (Rabbit) P14628, (Human) P01584, (Pig) P26889, (Mouse) P10749
Entrez Gene ID: (Bovine) 281251, (Rabbit) 100008990, (Human) 3553, (Pig) 397122, (Mouse) 16176, (Rat) 24494
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