Rubidium

Rubidium • Alkali Metal

Primary XPS region: Rb3d
Overlapping regions: Ni3s, Au5s, Cs4d
Binding energies of common chemical states:

Chemical state	Binding energy Rb3d_5/2
Rb metallic state	112 eV

Experimental information

N/A

Interpretation of XPS spectra

N/A

General comments

Rubidium has applications in catalysis.

About this element

Symbol: Rb
Date of discovery: 1861
Name origin: Latin rubidus
Appearance: gray white
Discoverer: Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchhoff
Obtained from: refined lithium

Melting point: 38.89 K
Boiling point: 688 K
Density[kg/m³]: 1.532
Molar volume: 55.76 × 10^-6 m³/mol
Protons/Electrons: 37
Neutrons: 48
Shell structure: 2,8,18,8,1
Electron configuration: [Kr]5s1
Oxidation state: 1
Crystal structure: cubic

Rubidium is the second most electropositive of the stable alkaline elements. It ignites spontaneously in air and reacts violently with water, setting fire to the liberated hydrogen. Spectroscope inventors Gustav Robert Georg Kirchhoff and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen discovered the element in 1861. Its name comes from the Latin rubidus, meaning deepest red, due to its bright red spectroscopic lines. Although relatively rare, rubidium is the 16th most abundant element in the earth’s crust. It is far too reactive to be found as the free metal in nature. It occurs naturally in the minerals leucite, pollucite, and zinnwaldite, which contains traces of up to 1% of rubidium oxide.