Identification of residues of CXCR4 critical for human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor and chemokine receptor activities.
AuthorsBrelot A,Heveker N,Montes M,Alizon M
JournalThe Journal of biological chemistry
PubMed ID10825158
Subzonal organization of olfactory sensory neurons projecting to distinct glomeruli within the mouse olfactory bulb.
AuthorsLevai O, Breer H, Strotmann J
JournalJ Comp Neurol
PubMed ID12619077
'Olfactory sensory neurons located in the nasal neuroepithelium send their axons directly into the olfactory bulb, where they contact the dendrites of second-order neurons in specialized spherical structures called glomeruli; each sensory neuron projects to a single glomerulus. All neurons expressing the same odorant receptor gene are confined to distinct ... More
Detection of rare antigen-presenting cells by the lacZ T-cell activation assay suggests an expression cloning strategy for T-cell antigens.
AuthorsKarttunen J, Sanderson S, Shastri N
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID1378619
'The alpha/beta T-cell receptor a complex ligand formed by the association of antigenic peptides with molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The inherent limitations of the conventional T-cell activation assays used to detect these peptide/MHC ligands have, until now, hampered the development of expression cloning systems for T-cell antigens. ... More
Rac1 inhibits myogenic differentiation by preventing the complete withdrawal of myoblasts from the cell cycle.
AuthorsHeller H, Gredinger E, Bengal E
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11489882
'The small GTPase protein Rac1 is involved in a wide range of biological processes, yet its role in cell differentiation is mostly unknown. Here we show that Rac1 activity is high in proliferating myoblasts and decreases during the differentiation process. To analyze the involvement of Rac1 in muscle differentiation, different ... More
Regulation of neuronal traits by a novel transcriptional complex.
AuthorsBallas N, Battaglioli E, Atouf F, Andres ME, Chenoweth J, Anderson ME, Burger C, Moniwa M, Davie JR, Bowers WJ, Federoff HJ, Rose DW, Rosenfeld MG, Brehm P, Mandel G
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID11516394
'The transcriptional repressor, REST, helps restrict neuronal traits to neurons by blocking their expression in nonneuronal cells. To examine the repercussions of REST expression in neurons, we generated a neuronal cell line that expresses REST conditionally. REST expression inhibited differentiation by nerve growth factor, suppressing both sodium current and neurite ... More
S100A6 and S100A11 are specific targets of the calcium- and zinc-binding S100B protein in vivo.
'In solution, S100B protein is a noncovalent homodimer composed of two subunits associated in an antiparallel manner. Upon calcium binding, the conformation of S100B changes dramatically, leading to the exposure of hydrophobic residues at the surface of S100B. The residues in the C-terminal domain of S100B encompassing Phe(87) and Phe(88) ... More
An in vivo membrane fusion assay implicates SpoIIIE in the final stages of engulfment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
AuthorsSharp MD, Pogliano K
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID10588743
'Shortly after the synthesis of the two cells required for sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, the membranes of the larger mother cell begin to migrate around and engulf the smaller forespore cell. At the completion of this process the leading edges of the migrating membrane meet and fuse, releasing the forespore ... More
Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2, 4, and 5 vectors: transduction of variant cell types and regions in the mammalian central nervous system.
AuthorsDavidson BL, Stein CS, Heth JA, Martins I, Kotin RM, Derksen TA, Zabner J, Ghodsi A, Chiorini JA
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID10688913
'Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors based on serotype 2 (rAAV2) can direct transgene expression in the central nervous system (CNS), but it is not known how other rAAV serotypes perform as CNS gene transfer vectors. Serotypes 4 and 5 are distinct from rAAV2 and from each other in their capsid regions, ... More
Mitochondria localization and dimerization are required for CIDE-B to induce apoptosis.
AuthorsChen Z, Guo K, Toh SY, Zhou Z, Li P
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10837461
'Cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE)-B is a member of the novel family of apoptosis-inducing factors that share homology with the N-terminal region of DFF, the DNA fragmentation factor. The molecular mechanism of CIDE-B-induced apoptosis is unclear. We have shown here that CIDE-B protein is localized in mitochondria and forms homodimers ... More
Requirement for DCP-1 caspase during Drosophila oogenesis.
AuthorsMcCall K, Steller H
JournalScience
PubMed ID9422696
'Caspases, a class of cysteine proteases, are an essential component of the apoptotic cell death program. During Drosophila oogenesis, nurse cells transfer their cytoplasmic contents to developing oocytes and then die. Loss of function for the dcp-1 gene, which encodes a caspase, caused female sterility by inhibiting this transfer. dcp-1- ... More
Differential localization of 5- and 15-lipoxygenases to the nuclear envelope in RAW macrophages.
AuthorsChristmas P, Fox JW, Ursino SR, Soberman RJ
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10464294
'Leukotriene formation is initiated in myeloid cells by an increase in intracellular calcium and translocation of 5-lipoxygenase from the cytoplasm to the nuclear envelope where it can utilize arachidonic acid. Monocyte- macrophages and eosinophils also express 15-lipoxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Enhanced green fluorescent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and ... More
Expression of CD34 and Myf5 defines the majority of quiescent adult skeletal muscle satellite cells.
AuthorsBeauchamp JR, Heslop L, Yu DS, Tajbakhsh S, Kelly RG, Wernig A, Buckingham ME, Partridge TA, Zammit PS
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11121437
'Skeletal muscle is one of a several adult post-mitotic tissues that retain the capacity to regenerate. This relies on a population of quiescent precursors, termed satellite cells. Here we describe two novel markers of quiescent satellite cells: CD34, an established marker of hematopoietic stem cells, and Myf5, the earliest marker ... More
[Tetrazolium methods for the histochemical investigation of hydrolases (author's transl)]
AuthorsGossrau R
JournalHistochemistry
PubMed ID103869
'Using freeze-dried or sections from fresh-frozen or aldehyde-fixed material nitro BT (NBT), tetranito BT (TNBT), distyryl nitro BT (DS-NBT), thiocarbamyl nitro BT (TC-NBT) or benzothiazolylstyrylphthalhydrazidyl tetrazolium chloride (BSPT) were tested as auxiliary reagents for the localization of glycosidases, phosphatases and non-specific esterases with indoxyl substrates in rat tissues. By means ... More
Retroviral gene transfer is inhibited by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans in malignant pleural effusions.
'Gene therapy may be an important adjuvant for treating cancer in the pleural space. The initial results of retroviral gene transfer to cancer cells in malignant pleural effusions revealed that transduction was markedly inhibited, and studies to characterize the inhibitory factor(s) were performed. The inhibition was contained within the soluble, ... More
Fluorescence imaging in human identity testing.
AuthorsWorley J, Lee S, Ma MS, Eisenberg A, Chen HY, Mansfield E
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID9232247
'We have investigated the use of fluorescence detection and the FluorImager S1 System (Molecular Dynamics) for analyzing a comprehensive set of human DNA typing tests. We used an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated YNH24 oligonucleotide probe to the repeat-containing D2S44 locus to detect both alleles in 50 ng of human genomic DNA (0.025 ... More
An optimized electroporation protocol applicable to a wide range of cell lines.
AuthorsBaum C, Forster P, Hegewisch-Becker S, Harbers K
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID7873174
'A number of transfection methods for mammalian cells are available; however, many cell lines may appear resistant to efficient transfection, or at best, necessitate lengthy optimization procedures in recommended protocols. We describe here an electroporation protocol that yields highly efficient gene transfer (20%-100% of surviving cells) in all 19 cell ... More
GFAP gene expression during development of astrocyte.
AuthorsBaba H, Nakahira K, Morita N, Tanaka F, Akita H, Ikenaka K
JournalDev Neurosci
PubMed ID9078433
'Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed exclusively in astrocytes in the central nervous system. In order to characterize individual cultured cells in which the GFAP promoter is active and to identify the regulatory mechanisms of GFAP expression in these cells, we have developed a unique assay system for promoter ... More
Multiple origins of Cajal-Retzius cells at the borders of the developing pallium.
AuthorsBielle F, Griveau A, Narboux-Nême N, Vigneau S, Sigrist M, Arber S, Wassef M, Pierani A
JournalNat Neurosci
PubMed ID16041369
'Cajal-Retzius cells are critical in cortical lamination, but very little is known about their origin and development. The homeodomain transcription factor Dbx1 is expressed in restricted progenitor domains of the developing pallium: the ventral pallium (VP) and the septum. Using genetic tracing and ablation experiments in mice, we show that ... More
Thioredoxin 2 is involved in the oxidative stress response in Escherichia coli.
AuthorsRitz D, Patel H, Doan B, Zheng M, Aslund F, Storz G, Beckwith J
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10644706
'Two genes encoding thioredoxin are found on the Escherichia coli genome. Both of them are capable of reducing protein disulfide bonds in vivo and in vitro. The catalytic site contains a Cys-X(1)-X(2)-Cys motif in a so-called thioredoxin fold. Thioredoxin 2 has two additional pairs of cysteines in a non-conserved N-terminal ... More
RNA antisense abrogation of MAT1 induces G1 phase arrest and triggers apoptosis in aortic smooth muscle cells.
AuthorsWu L, Chen P, Hwang JJ, Barsky LW, Weinberg KI, Jong A, Starnes VA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10026172
'The human MAT1 gene (ménage à trois 1) is an assembly factor and a targeting subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase. The novel mechanisms by which MAT1 forms an active CDK-activating kinase and determines substrate specificity of CDK7-cyclin H are involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair, and transcription. Hyperplasia ... More
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV in rat organs. Comparison of immunohistochemistry and activity histochemistry.
AuthorsHartel S, Gossrau R, Hanski C, Reutter W
JournalHistochemistry
PubMed ID2456278
'Immunohistochemistry and activity histochemistry were used to study the localization of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV in rats. For immunohistochemistry, polyclonal as well as monoclonal anti-DPP IV antibodies were employed. The pattern of DPP IV immunoreactivity, determined with polyclonal anti-DPP IV antibody, corresponds to the histochemical pattern found for the enzymic ... More
cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits serum-response element-dependent transcription by inhibiting rho activation and functions.
AuthorsGudi T, Chen JC, Casteel DE, Seasholtz TM, Boss GR, Pilz RB,
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12119292
'RhoA, in its active GTP-bound form, stimulates transcription through activation of the serum-response factor (SRF). We found that cGMP inhibited serum-induced Rho.GTP loading and transcriptional activation of SRF-dependent reporter genes in smooth muscle and glial cells in a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase)-dependent fashion. Serum stimulation of the SRF target gene ... More
Reaction rate measurements of proteases and glycosidases with chromogenic methods.
AuthorsRuhnke M, Gossrau R
JournalHistochem J
PubMed ID2687213
'Simultaneous azo-coupling and indigogenic methods were evaluated for the quantitative histochemical assay of the plasma membrane proteases gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) and the glycosidases maltase-glucoamylase and glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.20) in decidual cells, jejunal enterocytes and renal proximal tubulocytes. Using kinetic (continuous) microdensitometry, a linear ... More
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of human Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein Las17p interacts with the Arp2/3 complex.
AuthorsMadania A, Dumoulin P, Grava S, Kitamoto H, Schärer-Brodbeck C, Soulard A, Moreau V, Winsor B
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10512884
'Yeast Las17 protein is homologous to the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein, which is implicated in severe immunodeficiency. Las17p/Bee1p has been shown to be important for actin patch assembly and actin polymerization. Here we show that Las17p interacts with the Arp2/3 complex. LAS17 is an allele-specific multicopy suppressor of ARP2 and ARP3 ... More
Gene transfer of calbindin D28k cDNA via herpes simplex virus amplicon vector decreases cytoplasmic calcium ion response and enhances neuronal survival following glutamatergic challenge but not following cyanide.
AuthorsMeier TJ, Ho DY, Park TS, Sapolsky RM
JournalJ Neurochem
PubMed ID9721726
'Excitatory amino acid overstimulation of neurons can lead to a marked rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+])i) and be followed by neuron death from hours to days later. If the rise in [Ca2+]i is prevented, either by removing Ca2+ from the extracellular environment or by placing Ca2+ chelators in the ... More
Interaction of the integrin beta1 cytoplasmic domain with ICAP-1 protein.
AuthorsZhang XA, Hemler ME
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9867804
'In a yeast two-hybrid screen, a protein named ICAP-1 (beta1 integrin cytoplasmic domain associated protein) associated with the integrin beta1 cytoplasmic tail but not with tails from three other integrin beta subunits (beta2, beta3, and beta5) or from seven different alpha subunits. Likewise in human cells, ICAP-1 associated specifically with ... More
Development of micrometastases: earliest events detected with bacterial lacZ gene-tagged tumor cells.
AuthorsLin WC, Pretlow TP, Pretlow TG, Culp LA
JournalJ Natl Cancer Inst
PubMed ID2391720
'For the study of micrometastases at their earliest stages, we transfected the lacZ gene, which codes for beta-D-galactosidase in Escherichia coli, into BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed by the Ha-ras oncogene (also known as HRAS1) of a human EJ bladder carcinoma. These cells were subsequently injected into 6-week-old, female athymic NCR-NU ... More
Patterns of gene action in plant development revealed by enhancer trap and gene trap transposable elements.
AuthorsSundaresan V, Springer P, Volpe T, Haward S, Jones JD, Dean C, Ma H, Martienssen R
JournalGenes Dev
PubMed ID7622040
'The crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana has been used widely as a model organism for the study of plant development. We describe here the development of an efficient insertional mutagenesis system in Arabidopsis that permits identification of genes by their patterns of expression during development. Transposable elements of the Ac/Ds system carrying ... More
Dual inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways cooperatively induces death receptor-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.
'The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are protein-tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed and activated in human breast cancer. To determine the role of EGFR and FAK survival signaling in breast cancer, EGFR was stably overexpressed in BT474 breast cancer cells, and each signaling pathway was ... More
Enhanced detection of beta-galactosidase reporter activation is achieved by a reduction of hemoglobin content in tissue lysates.
AuthorsNazarenko DA, Dertinger SD, Gasiewicz TA
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID11314260
'beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), the product of the E. coli LacZ gene, has been used extensively as a reporter in numerous systems. Until recently, the most commonly used method of detecting beta-gal reporter enzymatic activity was a colormetric assay based on the cleavage of the beta-gal substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) to form ... More
Intracellular delivery of proteins with a new lipid-mediated delivery system.
AuthorsZelphati O, Wang Y, Kitada S, Reed JC, Felgner PL, Corbeil J
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11447231
'There are many very effective methods to introduce transcriptionally active DNA into viable cells but approaches to deliver functional proteins are limited. We have developed a lipid-mediated delivery system that can deliver functional proteins or other bioactive molecules into living cells. This delivery system is composed of a new trifluoroacetylated ... More
Retrovirus-mediated insertion of expressed and non-expressed genes at identical chromosomal locations.
AuthorsBerwin B, Barklis E
JournalNucleic Acids Res
PubMed ID8506135
'During retrovirus replication, a cellularly derived tRNA is annealed to the viral RNA at the primer binding site (PBS) to prime reverse transcription, and both the tRNA and the PBS become copied and matched together on complementary proviral DNA strands prior to integration. Using a viral PBS single base pair ... More
Glycerol enhancement of ligand-polylysine/DNA transfection.
AuthorsZauner W, Kichler A, Schmidt W, Sinski A, Wagner E
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID8723940
'Primary human fibroblasts and a series of cell lines (A549, BNL CL.2, H225, NIH 3T3 and Rat-1) are efficiently transfected by using positively charged complexes of plasmid DNA and transferrin-polylysine or polylysine in the presence of glycerol (1 molar to 1.8 molar, depending on the cell type). An increase in ... More
Beta-galactosidase activity in bacteria measured by flow cytometry.
AuthorsAlvarez AM, Ibáñez M, Rotger R
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID8292348
Use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting for rapid isolation of insect cells harboring recombinant baculovirus.
AuthorsSommerfelt MA, Sorscher EJ
JournalMethods Cell Biol
PubMed ID7877509
DAPI-pUC8 complex: a tool to investigate biological effects of nucleic acid-drug interaction.
AuthorsPalu G, Valisena S, Barcellona ML, Masotti L, Meloni GA
JournalBiochem Biophys Res Commun
PubMed ID3297056
'A complex consisting of pUC8, a 1.8 Md plasmid, and 4''-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, a DNA-binding agent, has been performed in vitro under different conditions of ionic strength, and used to transform competent cells. A strong interference with the plasmid-coded activities, related to the P/D ratio where at the DNA-drug complex was formed, ... More
Expression of beta-galactosidase under the control of the human c-myc promoter in transgenic mice is inhibited by mithramycin.
AuthorsJones DE, Cui DM, Miller DM
JournalOncogene
PubMed ID7784080
'In order to assess the functional contribution of the human c-myc promoter region in the expression of the c-myc gene, transgenic mouse lines containing a bacterial lac Z gene encoding beta-galactosidase under the control of the human c-myc protooncogene promoter were generated. Transgenic mouse embryos heterozygous for the human c-myc ... More
Sensitive and rapid detection of beta-galactosidase expression in intact cells by microinjection of fluorescent substrate.
AuthorsBrustugun OT, Mellgren G, Gjertsen BT, Bjerkvig R, Døskeland SO
JournalExp Cell Res
PubMed ID7641787
'Bacterial beta-galactosidase, coded by lacZ, is a widely used reporter for studies of transcriptional activity of eukaryotic promoters at the single cell level. Unfortunately, current detection methods, like X-gal cytochemistry, are slow, have suboptimal sensitivity, and are incompatible with cell survival. By a novel approach based on microinjection into cells ... More
Membrane topology of the di- and tripeptide transport protein of Lactococcus lactis.
AuthorsHagting A, vd Velde J, Poolman B, Konings WN
JournalBiochemistry
PubMed ID9184160
'Transport of hydrophilic di- and tripeptides into Lactococcus lactis is mediated by a proton motive force-driven peptide transport protein (DtpT) that shares similarity with eukaryotic peptide transporters, e.g., from kidney and small intestine of rabbit, man, and rat. Hydropathy profiling in combination with the "positive inside rule" predicts for most ... More
High-resolution analyses of two different classes of tumor cells in situ tagged with alternative histochemical marker genes.
AuthorsLin WC, Pretlow TP, Pretlow TG, Culp LA
JournalAm J Pathol
PubMed ID1466397
'To evaluate interactions of two different tumor cell classes during the establishment of micrometastases at the single-cell level, two different BALB/c 3T3 tumor cell derivatives were established that harbor different histochemical marker genes: bacterial lacZ in a EJ-Harvey ras transformant (abbreviated LZEJ cells) and human placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene ... More
Characterization of K+ currents and the cAMP-dependent modulation in cultured Drosophila mushroom body neurons identified by lacZ expression.
AuthorsWright NJ, Zhong Y
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID7869080
'Electrophysiological analysis of cultured neurons provides a potential approach toward understanding the physiological defects that may contribute to abnormal behavior exhibited by mutants of the fruit fly Drosophila. However, its application has been restricted by an inability to identify a particular functional or anatomical subpopulation of neurons from the CNS. ... More
lacZ expression in germline transgenic zebrafish can be detected in living embryos.
AuthorsLin S, Yang S, Hopkins N
JournalDev Biol
PubMed ID8293887
'Use of transgenic technology in zebrafish has been limited by the inability to efficiently express transgenes in early embryos of F1 and subsequent generations and to rapidly detect transgenic fish. We generated transgenic fish by injecting fertilized eggs with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the control of the Xenopus ... More
AuthorsLorincz M, Roederer M, Diwu Z, Herzenberg LA, Nolan GP
JournalCytometry
PubMed ID8866216
'We report the development of a new fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)-based reporter gene system utilizing the enzymatic activity of the E. coli beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene. When loaded with the Gus substrate fluorescein-di-beta-D-glucuronide (FDGlcu), individual mammalian cells expressing and translating gus mRNA liberate sufficient levels of intracellular fluorescein for quantitative analysis ... More
A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo.
AuthorsDimri GP, Lee X, Basile G, Acosta M, Scott G, Roskelley C, Medrano EE, Linskens M, Rubelj I, Pereira-Smith O
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID7568133
'Normal somatic cells invariably enter a state of irreversibly arrested growth and altered function after a finite number of divisions. This process, termed replicative senescence, is thought to be a tumor-suppressive mechanism and an underlying cause of aging. There is ample evidence that escape from senescence, or immortality, is important ... More
AuthorsReddy S, Rayburn H, von Melchner H, Ruley HE
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID1495960
'Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells were infected with a retrovirus promoter trap vector, and clones expressing lacZ fusion genes (LacZ+) were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Of 12 fusion genes tested, 1 was repressed when ES cells were allowed to differentiate in vitro. Two of three lacZ fusion genes ... More
Myelin basic protein gene contains separate enhancers for oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell expression.
AuthorsGow A, Friedrich VL, Lazzarini RA
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1383235
'The DNA sequence between position +36 and -1907 of the murine myelin basic protein gene contains the enhancer and promoter elements necessary for abundant and cell specific expression in transgenic mice. Surprisingly, the pattern of expression promoted by this DNA fragment is a subset of that exhibited by the endogenous ... More
Improved detection reliability of beta-galactosidase in histological preparations.
AuthorsCheng G, Thompson RP, Gourdie RG
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID10489600
A convenient and safe method for storing X-gal solutions.
AuthorsKarlinsey JE, Hughes KT
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID8373598
Indigogenic methods for glycosidases. II. An improved method for beta-D-galactosidase and its application to localization studies of the enzymes in the intestine and in other tissues.
AuthorsLojda Z
JournalHistochemie
PubMed ID4990233
New M13 vectors for cloning.
AuthorsMessing J
JournalMethods Enzymol
PubMed ID6310323
Uses of lacZ to study gene function: evaluation of beta-galactosidase assays employed in the yeast two-hybrid system.
AuthorsSerebriiskii IG, Golemis EA
JournalAnal Biochem
PubMed ID10998258
Histochemical methods for acid beta-galactosidase: technics for semipermeable membranes.
AuthorsLojda Z
JournalHistochemie
PubMed ID4592234
Loss of binding and entry of liposome-DNA complexes decreases transfection efficiency in differentiated airway epithelial cells.
Authors Matsui H; Johnson L G; Randell S H; Boucher R C;
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8995411
The target cells for gene therapy of cystic fibrosis lung disease are the well differentiated cells that line airway lumens. Employing cultures of airway epithelial cells that grow like ... More
Vaccinia virus transfection of hippocampal slice neurons.
AuthorsPettit DL, Koothan T, Liao D, Malinow R
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID7718231
Here we describe a technique that uses a recombinant vaccinia virus to transfect neurons in rat hippocampal slices. This technique allows the use of molecular biological manipulations on neuronal tissue while maintaining intact synaptic function. This method should be useful in testing specific hypotheses regarding the role of synaptic proteins. ... More
Neuronal transfection in brain slices using particle-mediated gene transfer.
AuthorsLo DC, McAllister AK, Katz LC
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID7993619
Difficulties in neuronal transfection continue to restrict the applicability of molecular approaches to neurobiology. Conventional transfection techniques have been of limited effectiveness, particularly in intact neural tissues. Viral vectors effectively transfect neurons both in vitro and in vivo but are labor intensive to construct, difficult to control, and often compromise ... More
Engrailed and hedgehog make the range of Wingless asymmetric in Drosophila embryos.
AuthorsSanson B, Alexandre C, Fascetti N, Vincent JP
JournalCell
PubMed ID10428032
In many instances, remote signaling involves the transport of secreted molecules. Here, we examine the spread of Wingless within the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila. Using two assays for Wingless activity (specification of naked cuticle and repression of rhomboid transcription), we found that Wingless acts at a different range in the ... More
Regulation of a fos-lacZ fusion gene: a paradigm for quantitative analysis of stimulus-transcription coupling.
AuthorsSchilling K, Luk D, Morgan JI, Curran T
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID1648227
Expression of the c-fos protooncogene is induced by a great variety of extracellular stimuli. A fos-lacZ fusion gene has been constructed that recapitulates this regulation. The fos-lacZ gene was introduced into B104 neuroblastoma cells for use in a quantitative assay for stimulus-transcription coupling. Both alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, dibutyryl cAMP, ... More
Direct influence of S9 liver homogenate on fluorescence signals: impact on practical applications in a bacterial genotoxicity assay.
AuthorsDreier J, Breitmaier EB, Gocke E, Apfel CM, Page MG
JournalMutat Res
PubMed ID11719102
Assays based on the bacterial SOS-response offer the possibility of automatization of genotoxicity testing for screening of large compound libraries. While existing assays use colorimetric detection or luminescence read-out, we describe here the use of a fluorescence-based system to achieve high sensitivity of detection required for assay miniaturization. Three commonly ... More
Evidence that retroviruses integrate into post-replication host DNA.
AuthorsHajihosseini M, Iavachev L, Price J
JournalEMBO J
PubMed ID8262039
We have studied the question of whether a retrovirus integrates into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell before or after the DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle. We have infected single NIH-3T3 cells with BAG, a replication-incompetent retroviral vector which encodes the lacZ gene, ... More
Potentiated transmission and prevention of further LTP by increased CaMKII activity in postsynaptic hippocampal slice neurons.
AuthorsPettit DL, Perlman S, Malinow R
JournalScience
PubMed ID7997883
Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a necessary component of the cellular machinery underlying learning and memory. Here, a constitutively active form of this enzyme, CaMKII(1-290), was introduced into neurons of hippocampal slices with a recombinant vaccinia virus to test the hypothesis that increased postsynaptic activity of this enzyme is ... More
Functional interactions between the p35 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex and calmodulin in yeast.
AuthorsSchaerer-Brodbeck C, Riezman H
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10749918
The end9-1 (arc35-1) mutant was identified as an endocytosis mutant and is a mutant allele of ARC35 that encodes a subunit of the Arp2/3 complex. As for other mutants in the Arp2/3 complex, arc35-1 is defective for endocytosis and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Both defects can be suppressed by ... More
Recombinase-mediated gene activation and site-specific integration in mammalian cells.
AuthorsO'Gorman S, Fox DT, Wahl GM
JournalScience
PubMed ID1900642
A binary system for gene activation and site-specific integration, based on the conditional recombination of transfected sequences mediated by the FLP recombinase from yeast, was implemented in mammalian cells. In several cell lines, FLP rapidly and precisely recombined copies of its specific target sequence to activate an otherwise silent beta-galactosidase ... More
Site-specific gene expression in vivo by direct gene transfer into the arterial wall.
AuthorsNabel EG, Plautz G, Nabel GJ
JournalScience
PubMed ID2119055
A recombinant beta-galactosidase gene has been expressed in a specific arterial segment in vivo by direct infection with a murine amphotropic retroviral vector or by DNA transfection with the use of liposomes. Several cell types in the vessel wall were transduced, including endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. After retroviral ... More
A G protein-coupled receptor for UDP-glucose.
AuthorsChambers JK, Macdonald LE, Sarau HM, Ames RS, Freeman K, Foley JJ, Zhu Y, McLaughlin MM, Murdock P, McMillan L, Trill J, Swift A, Aiyar N, Taylor P, Vawter L, Naheed S, Szekeres P, Hervieu G, Scott C, Watson JM, Murphy AJ, Duzic E, Klein C, Bergsma DJ, Wilson S, Livi GP
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10753868
Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (UDP-glucose) has a well established biochemical role as a glycosyl donor in the enzymatic biosynthesis of carbohydrates. It is less well known that UDP-glucose may possess pharmacological activity, suggesting that a receptor for this molecule may exist. Here, we show that UDP-glucose, and some closely related molecules, potently ... More
Alternate splicing of mouse fusin/CXC chemokine receptor-4: stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha is a ligand for both CXC chemokine receptor-4 isoforms.
AuthorsHeesen M, Berman MA, Höpken UE, Gerard NP, Dorf ME
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9103415
Inspection of the intron splice junction of the mouse chemokine receptor fusin/CXC chemokine receptor R-4 (CXCR-4) revealed a potential in-frame alternative splice site in the region encoding the N-terminal ectodomain of the receptor. Both predicted splice products were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Cell lines of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, and ... More
Comparison of assays for detection of agents causing membrane damage in Staphylococcus aureus.
AuthorsO'Neill AJ, Miller K, Oliva B, Chopra I,
JournalJ Antimicrob Chemother
PubMed ID15531595
OBJECTIVES: To develop a novel beta-galactosidase leakage assay for Staphylococcus aureus and to evaluate this alongside other simple methods for detection of agents that cause membrane damage in staphylococci. METHODS: Using a PCR-based approach, a derivative of S. aureus RN4220 was constructed carrying the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the ... More
Physical and functional interaction between myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein (MCL1) and Fortilin. The potential role of MCL1 as a fortilin chaperone.
AuthorsZhang D, Li F, Weidner D, Mnjoyan ZH, Fujise K,
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12149273
Myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein (MCL1) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is structurally related to Bcl-2. Unlike other Bcl-2 family proteins that are constitutively expressed, MCL1 is inducibly expressed in cells that are recently exposed to growth and differentiation stimuli. Here, we report the identification of fortilin as a novel ... More
A map of pheromone receptor activation in the mammalian brain.
AuthorsBelluscio L, Koentges G, Axel R, Dulac C
JournalCell
PubMed ID10219242
In mammals, the detection of pheromones is mediated by the vomeronasal system. We have employed gene targeting to visualize the pattern of projections of axons from vomeronasal sensory neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb. Neurons expressing a specific receptor project to multiple glomeruli that reside within spatially restricted domains. The ... More
Retroviral mediated gene transfer into bone marrow progenitor cells: use of beta-galactosidase as a selectable marker.
AuthorsStrair RK, Towle M, Smith BR
JournalNucleic Acids Res
PubMed ID2118622
Recombinant retroviruses have been utilized as vectors for gene transfer in model systems of gene therapy. Since many of these model systems require the transplantation of genetically modified primary cells it is important to devise methods which will allow the rapid and efficient selection for transplantation of only the cells ... More
Two histochemical marker genes, Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and human placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were cloned into the recombinant retroviral vectors pLJ and pgag beta-actin. The resulting vectors were transfected into retroviral producer cell lines, psi CRE and psi CRIP, and stable recombinant retrovirus producers were isolated. Recombinant virus was ... More
A simple assay for DNA transfection by incubation of the cells in culture dishes with substrates for beta-galactosidase.
AuthorsLim K, Chae CB
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID2517211
Transfection efficiency of different cell types as well as promoter strength of cloned genes can be easily determined by direct assay of beta-galactosidase activity encoded from recombinant genes containing the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene. A substrate for beta-galactosidase, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), can be added to dishes containing the transfected cells, and ... More
Combined beta-galactosidase and immunogold/silver staining for immunohistochemistry and DNA in situ hybridization.
Authorsvan den Brink W, van der Loos C, Volkers H, Lauwen R, van den Berg F, Houthoff HJ, Das PK
JournalJ Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID1689335
A combination of beta-galactosidase enzyme and the immunogold/silver staining method was studied for evaluation of double-staining experiments. Applications are shown for immunohistochemical double staining using two monoclonal antibodies and for combined immunohistochemistry and DNA in situ hybridization in one tissue section. The following advantages for the present double-staining method were ... More
Up-regulation of protein-disulfide isomerase in response to hypoxia/brain ischemia and its protective effect against apoptotic cell death.
AuthorsTanaka S, Uehara T, Nomura Y
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10744727
We isolated and identified a stress protein that is up-regulated in response to hypoxia in primary-cultured glial cells. Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) was up-regulated not only by hypoxia in glia in vitro, but also by transient forebrain ischemia in rats in vivo. To determine whether newly synthesized PDI is involved in ... More
Neurotrophins regulate dendritic growth in developing visual cortex.
AuthorsMcAllister AK, Lo DC, Katz LC
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID7576629
Although dendritic growth and differentiation are critical for the proper development and function of neocortex, the molecular signals that regulate these processes are largely unknown. The potential role of neurotrophins was tested by treating slices of developing visual cortex with NGF, BDNF, NT-3, or NT-4 and by subsequently visualizing the ... More
Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) proteins interact with acidic dileucine sequences within the cytoplasmic domains of sorting receptors through their Vps27p/Hrs/STAM (VHS) domains.
AuthorsTakatsu H, Katoh Y, Shiba Y, Nakayama K
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11390366
GGA (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ARF-binding) proteins are potential effectors of ADP-ribosylation factors, are associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and are involved in protein transport from this compartment. By yeast two-hybrid screening and subsequent two-hybrid and pull-down analyses, we have shown that GGA proteins, through their VHS (Vps27p/Hrs/STAM) ... More
Lineage analysis in the vertebrate nervous system by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.
AuthorsPrice J, Turner D, Cepko C
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID3099292
We describe a cell-lineage marking system applicable to the vertebrate nervous system. The basis of the technique is gene transfer using the retroviral vector system. We used Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase as a marker gene and demonstrate a high level of expression of this marker from the viral long terminal repeat ... More
Nucleic acid detection using non-radioactive labelling methods.
AuthorsMansfield ES, Worley JM, McKenzie SE, Surrey S, Rappaport E, Fortina P
JournalMol Cell Probes
PubMed ID7477006
Nucleic acid probe-based assays are now widely used in genetic research, human identification, forensics and in a broad spectrum of clinical assays in the fields of microbiology, haematology/oncology and virology. Labelled probes are used in a variety of assay formats including dot-blots, Southern blots (DNA target), Northern blots (RNA target), ... More
Retrovirally introduced antisense integrin RNA inhibits neuroblast migration in vivo.
AuthorsGalileo DS, Majors J, Horwitz AF, Sanes JR
JournalNeuron
PubMed ID1463609
We used retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to ask whether integrins are involved in the development of neuroblasts in the chicken optic tectum. Vectors were constructed with the E. coli lacZ gene in the sense orientation and beta 1 integrin sequences in the antisense orientation. Tests in culture showed that the progeny ... More
Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells: architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity.
Authors Hattar S; Liao H W; Takao M; Berson D M; Yau K W;
JournalScience
PubMed ID11834834
The primary circadian pacemaker, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian brain, is photoentrained by light signals from the eyes through the retinohypothalamic tract. Retinal rod and cone cells are not required for photoentrainment. Recent evidence suggests that the entraining photoreceptors are retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that project to ... More
Visualizing interleukin 2 gene expression at the single cell level.
AuthorsEmilie D, Peuchmaur M, Barad M, Jouin H, Maillot MC, Couez D, Nicolas JF, Malissen B
JournalEur J Immunol
PubMed ID2792182
To analyze the expression of the interleukin (IL)2 gene at the single cell level, we have constructed a chimeric gene in which the regulatory sequences from the mouse IL2 gene were fused 5' proximal to the coding region of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene. Once stably introduced into a ... More
A major functional difference between the mouse and human ARF tumor suppressor proteins.
Authors Wadhwa Renu; Sugihara Takashi; Hasan Md Kamrul; Taira Kazunari; Reddel Roger R; Kaul Sunil C;
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12145279
Suppression of tumorigenesis is considerably more stringent in the human than in the much shorter lived mouse species, and the reasons for this difference are poorly understood. We investigated functional differences in the control of the ARF (alternative reading frame) protein that acts upstream of p53 and is encoded along ... More
Specific activation of mammalian Hox promoters in mosaic transgenic zebrafish.
AuthorsWesterfield M, Wegner J, Jegalian BG, DeRobertis EM, Püschel AW
JournalGenes Dev
PubMed ID1348485
Homeo box-containing genes (Hox) are expressed in restricted regions of vertebrate embryos and may specify positional information. The organization and expression patterns of these genes are highly conserved among different species, suggesting that their regulation may also have been conserved. We developed a transient expression system, using mosaically transgenic zebrafish, ... More
Zyxin, a regulator of actin filament assembly, targets the mitotic apparatus by interacting with h-warts/LATS1 tumor suppressor.
AuthorsHirota T, Morisaki T, Nishiyama Y, Marumoto T, Tada K, Hara T, Masuko N, Inagaki M, Hatakeyama K, Saya H
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10831611
The mitotic apparatus plays a pivotal role in dividing cells to ensure each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes and complement of cytoplasm during mitosis. A human homologue of the Drosophila warts tumor suppressor, h-warts/LATS1, is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase and a dynamic component of the mitotic ... More
Fluorescence-activated cell analysis and sorting of viable mammalian cells based on beta-D-galactosidase activity after transduction of Escherichia coli lacZ.
AuthorsNolan GP, Fiering S, Nicolas JF, Herzenberg LA
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID3128790
We demonstrate that individual cells infected with and expressing a recombinant retrovirus carrying the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ) can be viably stained, analyzed, sorted, and cloned by fluorescence-activated cell sorting based on the levels of lacZ expressed. To accomplish this we have devised a method to enzymatically generate and ... More
Flow cytometry sorting of viable bacteria and yeasts according to beta-galactosidase activity.
AuthorsNir R, Yisraeli Y, Lamed R, Sahar E
JournalAppl Environ Microbiol
PubMed ID2128011
We describe a novel method for quantitative measurement of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) levels in bacteria and yeasts by using flow cytometry, a method which allows viable microbial cells to be sorted on the basis of the expressed activity and to be recultivated. The method is based on encapsulating single cells in ... More
Photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase delta subunit (PDEdelta) functions as a prenyl-binding protein.
AuthorsZhang H, Liu XH, Zhang K, Chen CK, Frederick JM, Prestwich GD, Baehr W
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID14561760
Bovine PDEdelta was originally copurified with rod cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) and shown to interact with prenylated, carboxymethylated C-terminal Cys residues. Other studies showed that PDEdelta can interact with several small GTPases including Rab13, Ras, Rap, and Rho6, all of which are prenylated, as well as the N-terminal portion of retinitis ... More
Intracellular and extracellular leukemia inhibitory factor proteins have different cellular activities that are mediated by distinct protein motifs.
AuthorsHaines BP, Voyle RB, Rathjen PD
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10749936
Although many growth factors and cytokines have been shown to be localized within the cell and nucleus, the mechanism by which these molecules elicit a biological response is not well understood. The cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) provides a tractable experimental system to investigate this problem, because translation of alternatively ... More
Procollagen II amino propeptide processing by ADAMTS-3. Insights on dermatosparaxis.
AuthorsFernandes RJ, Hirohata S, Engle JM, Colige A, Cohn DH, Eyre DR, Apte SS
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11408482
The amino and carboxyl propeptides of procollagens I and II are removed by specific enzymes as a prerequisite for fibril assembly. Null mutations in procollagen I N-propeptidase (ADAMTS-2) cause dermatosparaxis in cattle and the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (dermatosparactic type) in humans by preventing proteolytic excision of the N-propeptide of procollagen I. ... More
Junctional adhesion molecule interacts with the PDZ domain-containing proteins AF-6 and ZO-1.
AuthorsEbnet K, Schulz CU, Meyer Zu Brickwedde MK, Pendl GG, Vestweber D
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10856295
We have identified the PDZ domain protein AF-6 as an intracellular binding partner of the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), an integral membrane protein located at cell contacts. Binding of AF-6 to JAM required the presence of the intact C terminus of JAM, which represents a classical type II PDZ domain-binding ... More
Activation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways and induction of apoptosis by chelerythrine do not require inhibition of protein kinase C.
AuthorsYu R, Mandlekar S, Tan TH, Kong AN
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10734112
Chelerythrine, a natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has been reported to mediate a variety of biological activities, including inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). Here we report that chelerythrine induced time- and dose-dependent activation of JNK1 and p38 in HeLa cells, which was mediated the upstream kinases, MEKK1 and MKK4. However, treatment ... More
Drosophila integrin-linked kinase is required at sites of integrin adhesion to link the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
AuthorsZervas CG, Gregory SL, Brown NH
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11238456
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was identified by its interaction with the cytoplasmic tail of human beta1 integrin and previous data suggest that ILK is a component of diverse signaling pathways, including integrin, Wnt, and protein kinase B. Here we show that the absence of ILK function in Drosophila causes defects similar ... More
Effect of amplification of dhfr and lac Z genes on growth and beta-galactosidase expression in suspension cultures of recombinant CHO cells.
AuthorsGu MB, Kern JA, Todd P, Kompala DS
JournalCytotechnology
PubMed ID1369176
Studies were conducted to characterize the effect of gene amplification and foreign gene expression on recombinant CHO cell growth. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected with an expression vector containing the gene for dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and the gene for human beta-interferon (beta-IFN) or the lac Z gene which ... More
Structural and functional analysis of a novel coiled-coil protein involved in Ypt6 GTPase-regulated protein transport in yeast.
AuthorsTsukada M, Will E, Gallwitz D
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9880327
The yeast transport GTPase Ypt6p is dispensable for cell growth and secretion, but its lack results in temperature sensitivity and missorting of vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y. We previously identified four yeast genes (SYS1, 2, 3, and 5) that on high expression suppressed these phenotypic alterations. SYS3 encodes a 105-kDa protein with ... More
A conserved interaction between Moe1 and Mal3 is important for proper spindle formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AuthorsChen CR, Chen J, Chang EC
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID11102508
Moe1 is a conserved fission yeast protein that negatively affects microtubule stability/assembly. We conducted a two-hybrid screen to search for Moe1-binding proteins and isolated Mal3, a homologue of human EB1. We show that Moe1 and Mal3 expressed in bacteria form a complex and that Moe1 and Mal3 expressed in fission ... More
Retrovirus-mediated transduction of adult hepatocytes.
AuthorsWilson JM, Jefferson DM, Chowdhury JR, Novikoff PM, Johnston DE, Mulligan RC
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID2834728
Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to develop a method for introducing genes into primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Subconfluent monolayers of hepatocytes, cultured in hormonally defined media on different matrix substrata, were infected with helper-free stocks of a replication-defective retrovirus that constitutively expresses high levels of beta-galactosidase. Retrovirus-mediated transduction ... More
Requirement of the juxtamembrane domain of the cadherin cytoplasmic tail for morphogenetic cell rearrangement during myotome development.
AuthorsHorikawa K, Takeichi M
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11756478
During development, the activity of cadherin cell adhesion molecules is assumed to be regulated to allow for cell rearrangement or translocation. Previous studies suggest that the juxtamembrane (JM) domain of the cadherin cytoplasmic tail, which contains the site for binding to p120ctn, has a regulatory function in this adhesion system. ... More
Beta-galactosidase activity in transfected Ltk- cells is differentially regulated in monolayer and in spheroid cultures.
AuthorsKlünder I, Hülser DF
JournalExp Cell Res
PubMed ID8319768
We have investigated whether three-dimensional cultivation of cells to multicell spheroids influences the expression of a transfected gene. Ltk- cells (mouse fibroblasts, thymidine kinase negative) have been transfected with a bacterial lacZ gene which was coupled to a beta-actin promoter. The transfected cells synthesize beta-galactosidase, a cytoplasmic enzyme which can ... More
RGS12 and RGS14 GoLoco motifs are G alpha(i) interaction sites with guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor Activity.
AuthorsKimple RJ, De Vries L, Tronchère H, Behe CI, Morris RA, Gist Farquhar M, Siderovski DP
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11387333
The regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins accelerate the intrinsic guanosine triphosphatase activity of heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunits and are thus recognized as key modulators of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. RGS12 and RGS14 contain not only the hallmark RGS box responsible for GTPase-accelerating activity but also a single G alpha(i/o)-Loco (GoLoco) ... More
A recombinant retrovirus encoding alkaline phosphatase confirms clonal boundary assignment in lineage analysis of murine retina.
AuthorsFields-Berry SC, Halliday AL, Cepko CL
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID1731342
Recombinant retroviruses encoding the histochemically detectable enzyme beta-galactosidase have been used to investigate lineage in the vertebrate nervous system. Identification of the descendants of individual progenitors is straightforward when progeny cells are arranged in a reproducible, clustered pattern, but difficulties in interpretation arise when progeny migrate extensively and/or in an ... More
Penetration and intracellular routing of nucleus-directed peptide-based shuttles (loligomers) in eukaryotic cells.
Loligomers are multitasking, peptide-based shuttles that are able to penetrate cells and self-localize into distinct cellular compartments. In particular, loligomer 4 incorporates internalization and nuclear import sequences as well as reporter groups. The intracellular routing of loligomer 4 was analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry, to define and demonstrate localization ... More