The p42/p44 MAP kinase pathway prevents apoptosis induced by anchorage and serum removal.
AuthorsLe Gall M,Chambard JC,Breittmayer JP,Grall D,Pouysségur J,Van Obberghen-Schilling E
JournalMolecular biology of the cell
PubMed ID10712523
Anchorage removal like growth factor removal induces apoptosis. In the present study we have characterized signaling pathways that can prevent this cell death using a highly growth factorâ and anchorage-dependent line of lung fibroblasts (CCL39). After anchorage removal from exponentially growing cells, annexin V-FITC labeling can be detected after 8 ... More
Basilar papilla explants: a model to study hair cell regeneration-repair and protection.
AuthorsFrenz DA, Yoo H, Liu W
JournalActa Otolaryngol
PubMed ID9840500
Explants of basilar papillae from 6-7 days posthatch chicks were cultured in growth medium for a period of 1-8 days. Hair cells were counted following staining of stereocilia bundles with FITC-phalloidin, and the percentage of hair cell survival was determined by comparison to control (i.e. uncultured) specimens. Hair cell integrity ... More
Responses induced by tacrine in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines.
AuthorsDe Ferrari GV, von Bernhardi R, Calderón FH, Luza SC, Inestrosa NC
JournalJ Neurosci Res
PubMed ID9589388
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a reduction in cholinergic activity as a result of specific neuronal loss. Current potential treatments for the disease include both cholinomimetic drugs and anticholinesterase inhibitors. One of the drugs approved by the FDA is tacrine (9-amine-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroacridine; THA), a strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. We ... More
The small GTP-binding protein Rac promotes the dissociation of gelsolin from actin filaments in neutrophils.
AuthorsArcaro A
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9422735
Gelsolin is an actin filament-capping protein that has been shown to play a key role in cell migration. Here we have studied the involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) in the regulation of gelsolin-actin interactions in neutrophils. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase activity in vivo by wortmannin ... More
Integrin-mediated activation of focal adhesion kinase is independent of focal adhesion formation or integrin activation. Studies with activated and inhibitory beta3 cytoplasmic domain mutants.
AuthorsLyman S, Gilmore A, Burridge K, Gidwitz S, White GC
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID9278407
Integrin alphaIIbbeta3 functions as the fibrinogen receptor on platelets and mediates platelet aggregation and clot retraction. Among the events that occur during either "inside-out" or "outside-in" signaling through alphaIIbbeta3 is the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (pp125(FAK)) and the association of pp125(FAK) with cytoskeletal components. To examine the role of ... More
Increased breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is not an initiating factor for actin assembly in human neutrophils.
AuthorsBengtsson T, Rundquist I, Stendahl O, Wymann MP, Andersson T
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID2846563
The present study examined the possible role of increased phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) breakdown in the regulation of actin assembly in human neutrophils. Tetracaine, a local anesthetic, was used since it has recently been proposed to inhibit the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate to form PtdIns(4,5)P2. Surprisingly, it was found that incubation ... More
p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) regulates cell motility in mammalian fibroblasts.
AuthorsSells MA, Boyd JT, Chernoff J
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10330410
'The p21 (Cdc42/Rac) activated kinase Pak1 regulates cell morphology and polarity in most, if not all, eukaryotic cells. We and others have established that Pak''s effects on these parameters are mediated by changes in the organization of cortical actin. Because cell motility requires polarized rearrangements of the actin/myosin cytoskeleton, we ... More
Glucose 6-phosphate produced by gluconeogenesis and by glucokinase is equally effective in activating hepatic glycogen synthase.
'Glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) produced in cultured hepatocytes by direct phosphorylation of glucose or by gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was equally effective in activating glycogen synthase (GS). However, glycogen accumulation was higher in hepatocytes incubated with glucose than in those treated with DHA. This difference was attributed to decreased futile cycling ... More
Maternal effect mutations of the sponge locus affect actin cytoskeletal rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster embryos.
AuthorsPostner MA, Miller KG, Wieschaus EF
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1447298
'In the syncytial blastoderm stage of Drosophila embryogenesis, dome-shaped actin "caps" are observed above the interphase nuclei. During mitosis, this actin rearranges to participate in the formation of pseudocleavage furrows, transient membranous invaginations between dividing nuclei. Embryos laid by homozygous sponge mothers lack these characteristic actin structures, but retain other ... More
Transendothelial migration of colon carcinoma cells requires expression of E-selectin by endothelial cells and activation of stress-activated protein kinase-2 (SAPK2/p38) in the tumor cells.
AuthorsLaferriere J, Houle F, Taher MM, Valerie K, Huot J
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11448946
'Adhesion and migration of tumor cells on and through the vascular endothelium are critical steps of the metastatic invasion. We investigated the roles of E-selectin and of stress-activated protein kinase-2 (SAPK2/p38) in modulating endothelial adhesion and transendothelial migration of HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) strongly ... More
Binding of monoclonal antibody AA4 to gangliosides on rat basophilic leukemia cells produces changes similar to those seen with Fc epsilon receptor activation.
AuthorsOliver C, Sahara N, Kitani S, Robbins AR, Mertz LM, Siraganian RP
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1370498
'The mAb AA4 binds to novel derivatives of the ganglioside Gd1b on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Some of the gangliosides are located close to the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI), and binding of mAb AA4 inhibits Fc epsilon RI-mediated histamine release. In the present study, mAb AA4 ... More
Alpha5beta1 integrin controls cyclin D1 expression by sustaining mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in growth factor-treated cells.
'Cyclin D1 expression is jointly regulated by growth factors and cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix in many cell types. Growth factors are thought to regulate cyclin D1 expression because they stimulate sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. However, we show here that growth factors induce transient ERK activity when ... More
Characterization of Mayven, a novel actin-binding protein predominantly expressed in brain.
AuthorsSoltysik-Espanola M, Rogers RA, Jiang S, Kim TA, Gaedigk R, White RA, Avraham H, Avraham S
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10397770
'The cytoskeleton plays an important role in neuronal morphogenesis. We have identified and characterized a novel actin-binding protein, termed Mayven, predominantly expressed in brain. Mayven contains a BTB (broad complex, tramtrack, bric-a-brac)/POZ (poxvirus, zinc finger) domain-like structure in the predicted N terminus and "kelch repeats" in the predicted C-terminal domain. ... More
Modulation of the F-actin cytoskeleton by c-Abl tyrosine kinase in cell spreading and neurite extension.
AuthorsWoodring PJ, Litwack ED, O'Leary DD, Lucero GR, Wang JY, Hunter T
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11864995
'The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-Abl gene has the unique feature of an F-actin binding domain (FABD). Purified c-Abl tyrosine kinase is inhibited by F-actin, and this inhibition can be relieved through mutation of its FABD. The c-Abl kinase is activated by physiological signals that also regulate the ... More
The Listeria monocytogenes protein InlB is an agonist of mammalian phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
AuthorsIreton K, Payrastre B, Cossart P
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10358053
'The Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes induces its own internalization into some non-phagocytic mammalian cells by stimulating host tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase activity, and rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton. Entry into many cultured cell lines is mediated by the bacterial protein InlB. Here we investigate the role of InlB in ... More
Alexa dyes, a series of new fluorescent dyes that yield exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates.
AuthorsPanchuk-Voloshina N, Haugland RP, Bishop-Stewart J, Bhalgat MK, Millard PJ, Mao F, Leung WY, Haugland RP
JournalJ Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID10449539
'Alexa 350, Alexa 430, Alexa 488, Alexa 532, Alexa 546, Alexa 568, and Alexa 594 dyes are a new series of fluorescent dyes with emission/excitation spectra similar to those of AMCA, Lucifer Yellow, fluorescein, rhodamine 6G, tetramethylrhodamine or Cy3, lissamine rhodamine B, and Texas Red, respectively (the numbers in the ... More
A novel interaction of the Golgi complex with the vimentin intermediate filament cytoskeleton.
AuthorsGao Y, Sztul E
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11238446
'The integration of the vimentin intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton and cellular organelles in vivo is an incompletely understood process, and the identities of proteins participating in such events are largely unknown. Here, we show that the Golgi complex interacts with the vimentin IF cytoskeleton, and that the Golgi protein formiminotransferase ... More
MacMARCKS mutation blocks macrophage phagocytosis of zymosan.
AuthorsZhu Z, Bao Z, Li J
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID7629059
'A major protein kinase C substrate, MacMARCKS (F52, MPR), was examined for its role in phagocytosis. In macrophage-phagocytosing zymosan particles, MacMARCKS was concentrated around nascent phagosomes as detected by immunofluorescent microscopy. The effector domain of MacMARCKS contains the phosphorylation sites, a calmodulin binding site, as well as a putative actin ... More
Adenovirus E4 open reading frame 4-induced apoptosis involves dysregulation of Src family kinases.
AuthorsLavoie JN, Champagne C, Gingras MC, Robert A
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10973994
'The adenoviral early region 4 open reading frame 4 (E4orf4) death factor induces p53-independent apoptosis in many cell types and appears to kill selectively transformed cells. Here we show that expression of E4orf4 in transformed epithelial cells results in early caspase-independent membrane blebbing, associated with changes in the organization of ... More
Selective inhibition of IgG-mediated phagocytosis in gelsolin-deficient murine neutrophils.
AuthorsSerrander L, Skarman P, Rasmussen B, Witke W, Lew DP, Krause KH, Stendahl O, Nüsse O
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID10946270
'Phagocytosis and the microbicidal functions of neutrophils require dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton. We have investigated the role of gelsolin, a calcium-dependent actin severing and capping protein, in peripheral blood neutrophils from gelsolin-null (Gsn-) mice. The phagocytosis of complement opsonized yeast was only minimally affected. In contrast, phagocytosis of ... More
Epidermal growth factor induces rapid reorganization of the actin microfilament system in human A431 cells.
AuthorsRijken PJ, Hage WJ, van Bergen en Henegouwen PM, Verkleij AJ, Boonstra J
JournalJ Cell Sci
PubMed ID1808202
'Double immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of A431 cells results in more apparent co-localization of EGF receptor (EGFR) and actin filaments, as compared to control cells. This indicates that EGF induces actin polymerization as well as additional association of the EGFR with similar sites on the ... More
Defining the structural determinants and a potential mechanism for inhibition of myosin phosphatase by the protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitor protein of 17 kDa.
AuthorsHayashi Y, Senba S, Yazawa M, Brautigan DL, Eto M
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11517233
'Contractility of smooth muscle and non-muscle microfilaments involves phosphorylation of myosin II light chain. Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) is specifically inhibited by the protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitor protein of 17 kDa, called CPI-17, as part of Ca(2+) sensitization of vascular smooth muscle contraction. Phosphorylation of Thr(38) in CPI-17 enhances ... More
Paxillin: a new vinculin-binding protein present in focal adhesions.
AuthorsTurner CE, Glenney JR, Burridge K
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID2118142
'The 68-kD protein (paxillin) is a cytoskeletal component that localizes to the focal adhesions at the ends of actin stress fibers in chicken embryo fibroblasts. It is also present in the focal adhesions of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) epithelial cells but is absent, like talin, from the cell-cell adherens junctions ... More
Role of cofilin in epidermal growth factor-stimulated actin polymerization and lamellipod protrusion.
AuthorsChan AY, Bailly M, Zebda N, Segall JE, Condeelis JS
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10662778
'Stimulation of metastatic MTLn3 cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes a rapid and transient increase in actin nucleation activity resulting from the appearance of free barbed ends at the extreme leading edge of extending lamellipods. To investigate the role of cofilin in EGF-stimulated actin polymerization and lamellipod extension in ... More
Localization of caldesmon and its dephosphorylation during cell division.
AuthorsHosoya N, Hosoya H, Yamashiro S, Mohri H, Matsumura F
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8388877
'Mitosis-specific phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase causes nonmuscle caldesmon to dissociate from microfilaments during prometaphase. (Yamashiro, S., Y. Yamakita, R. Ishikawa, and F. Matsumura. 1990. Nature (Lond.). 344:675-678; Yamashiro, S., Y. Yamakita, H. Hosoya, and F. Matsumura. 1991. Nature (Lond.) 349:169-172). To explore the functions of caldesmon phosphorylation during cytokinesis, we ... More
A role for focal adhesion kinase in phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy of rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.
AuthorsTaylor JM, Rovin JD, Parsons JT
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10749882
'A variety of agonists including phenylephrine (PE) induce hypertrophy in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes. Here we report that signals provided by extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) augment the PE-induced hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes and provide evidence that ECM-dependent signaling is mediated in part by the protein tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK). ... More
Abnormal migration phenotype of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2-/- neutrophils in Zigmond chambers containing formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine gradients.
AuthorsHannigan MO, Zhan L, Ai Y, Kotlyarov A, Gaestel M, Huang CK
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID11564814
'Time-lapsed video microscopy and confocal imaging were used to study the migration of wild-type (WT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2-/-) mouse neutrophils in Zigmond chambers containing fMLP gradients. Confocal images of polarized WT neutrophils showed an intracellular gradient of phospho-MK2 from the anterior to the posterior region ... More
Expression and partial characterization of kinesin-related proteins in differentiating and adult skeletal muscle.
AuthorsGinkel LM, Wordeman L
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID11102514
'Using pan-kinesin antibodies to screen a differentiating C2C12 cell library, we identified the kinesin proteins KIF3A, KIF3B, and conventional kinesin heavy chain to be present in differentiating skeletal muscle. We compared the expression and subcellular localization characteristics of these kinesins in myogenic cells to others previously identified in muscle, neuronal, ... More
Kinesin-mediated organelle translocation revealed by specific cellular manipulations.
AuthorsFeiguin F, Ferreira A, Kosik KS, Caceres A
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7962067
'The distribution of membrane-bound organelles was studied in cultured hippocampal neurons after antisense oligonucleotide suppression of the kinesin-heavy chain (KHC). We observed reduced 3,3''-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) fluorescent staining in neurites and growth cones. In astrocytes, KHC suppression results in the disappearance of the DiOC6(3)-positive reticular network from the cell periphery, ... More
The integrin alpha 7 cytoplasmic domain regulates cell migration, lamellipodia formation, and p130CAS/Crk coupling.
AuthorsMielenz D, Hapke S, Pöschl E, von Der Mark H, von Der Mark K
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11278916
'The integrin alpha(7)beta(1) is the major laminin-binding integrin in skeletal, heart, and smooth muscle and is a receptor for laminin-1 and -2. It mediates myoblast migration on laminin-1 and -2 and thus might be involved in muscle development and repair. Previously we have shown that alpha(7)B as well as the ... More
beta1-integrin cytoplasmic subdomains involved in dominant negative function.
AuthorsRetta SF, Balzac F, Ferraris P, Belkin AM, Fässler R, Humphries MJ, De Leo G, Silengo L, Tarone G
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9529373
'The beta1-integrin cytoplasmic domain consists of a membrane proximal subdomain common to the four known isoforms ("common" region) and a distal subdomain specific for each isoform ("variable" region). To investigate in detail the role of these subdomains in integrin-dependent cellular functions, we used beta1A and beta1B isoforms as well as ... More
The transcription factor AP-1 is required for EGF-induced activation of rho-like GTPases, cytoskeletal rearrangements, motility, and in vitro invasion of A431 cells.
AuthorsMalliri A, Symons M, Hennigan RF, Hurlstone AF, Lamb RF, Wheeler T, Ozanne BW
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9817764
'Human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) frequently express elevated levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR overexpression in SCC-derived cell lines correlates with their ability to invade in an in vitro invasion assay in response to EGF, whereas benign epidermal cells, which express low levels of EGFR, do not invade. ... More
Involvement of phosphorylation in doxorubicin-mediated myofibril degeneration. An immunofluorescence microscopy analysis.
AuthorsSussman MA, Hamm-Alvarez SF, Vilalta PM, Welch S, Kedes L
JournalCirc Res
PubMed ID8978322
'Loss of myofilaments has been observed in both adaptive cardiac responses (i.e., hypertrophy) as well as in chemotheraputic use of antineoplastic drugs with cardiotoxic side effects (i.e., doxorubicin). An understanding of the degenerative process is a prerequisite for determining approaches to limit the cardiomyopathic changes associated with chronic heart disease ... More
Deficiencies in collagen phagocytosis by human fibroblasts in vitro: a mechanism for fibrosis?
AuthorsMcCulloch CA, Knowles GC
JournalJ Cell Physiol
PubMed ID8491787
'Degradation of collagen by fibroblast phagocytosis is an important pathway for physiological remodelling of soft connective tissues. Perturbations of this pathway may provide a mechanism for the development of fibrotic lesions. As collagen phagocytosis may be regulated by either a change of the proportions or the activity of phagocytic cells, ... More
Drosophila paramyosin is important for myoblast fusion and essential for myofibril formation.
AuthorsLiu H, Mardahl-Dumesnil M, Sweeney ST, O'Kane CJ, Bernstein SI
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID12642615
'Paramyosin is a major structural protein of thick filaments in invertebrate muscles. Coiled-coil dimers of paramyosin form a paracrystalline core of these filaments, and the motor protein myosin is arranged on the core surface. To investigate the function of paramyosin in myofibril assembly and muscle contraction, we functionally disrupted the ... More
ARF1 mediates paxillin recruitment to focal adhesions and potentiates Rho-stimulated stress fiber formation in intact and permeabilized Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts.
AuthorsNorman JC, Jones D, Barry ST, Holt MR, Cockcroft S, Critchley DR
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9864369
'Focal adhesion assembly and actin stress fiber formation were studied in serum-starved Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts permeabilized with streptolysin-O. Permeabilization in the presence of GTPgammaS stimulated rho-dependent formation of stress fibers, and the redistribution of vinculin and paxillin from a perinuclear location to focal adhesions. Addition of GTPgammaS at 8 min ... More
Rac1 and Cdc42 are required for phagocytosis, but not NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, in macrophages challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AuthorsLee DJ, Cox D, Li J, Greenberg S
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10617597
'Macrophages respond to Gram-negative bacterial pathogens by phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory gene expression. These responses may require GTPases that have been implicated in cytoskeletal alterations and activation of NF-kappaB. To determine the role of Rac1 and Cdc42 in signal transduction events triggered by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we expressed GTP binding-deficient alleles of ... More
Protein kinase C regulates the recruitment of syndecan-4 into focal contacts.
AuthorsBaciu PC, Goetinck PF
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID8589452
'Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been implicated as co-receptors facilitating cell adhesion and growth factor binding. Recent studies on the role of a family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans, syndecans, in cell adhesion has identified one member, syndecan-4, to be present within focal contacts. The current study investigates the ... More
Involvement of a triton-insoluble floating fraction in Dictyostelium cell-cell adhesion.
AuthorsHarris TJ, Awrey DE, Cox BJ, Ravandi A, Tsang A, Siu CH
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID11278598
'We have isolated and characterized a Triton-insoluble floating fraction (TIFF) from Dictyostelium. Ten major proteins were consistently detected in TIFF, and six species were identified by mass spectrometry as actin, porin, comitin, regulatory myosin light chain, a novel member of the CD36 family, and the phospholipid-anchored cell adhesion molecule gp80. ... More
The PDZ domains of zonula occludens-1 induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition of Madin-Darby canine kidney I cells. Evidence for a role of beta-catenin/Tcf/Lef signaling.
AuthorsReichert M, Müller T, Hunziker W
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10734097
'The integrity of cell-cell contacts such as adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ) is essential for the function of epithelia. During carcinogenesis, the increased motility and invasiveness of tumor cells reflect the loss of characteristic epithelial features, including cell adhesion. While beta-catenin, a component of AJ, plays a well ... More
Plasma membrane repair is mediated by Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis of lysosomes.
AuthorsReddy A, Caler EV, Andrews NW
JournalCell
PubMed ID11511344
'Plasma membrane wounds are repaired by a mechanism involving Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis. Elevation in intracellular [Ca(2+)] triggers fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane, a process regulated by the lysosomal synaptotagmin isoform Syt VII. Here, we show that Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis of lysosomes is required for the repair of plasma membrane disruptions. ... More
An effector region in Eps8 is responsible for the activation of the Rac-specific GEF activity of Sos-1 and for the proper localization of the Rac-based actin-polymerizing machine.
AuthorsScita G, Tenca P, Areces LB, Tocchetti A, Frittoli E, Giardina G, Ponzanelli I, Sini P, Innocenti M, Di Fiore PP
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11524436
'Genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrated that Eps8 is involved in the routing of signals from Ras to Rac. This is achieved through the formation of a tricomplex consisting of Eps8-E3b1-Sos-1, which is endowed with Rac guanine nucleotide exchange activity. The catalytic subunit of this complex is represented by Sos-1, a ... More
Innate immunity and transcription of MGAT-III and Toll-like receptors in Alzheimer's disease patients are improved by bisdemethoxycurcumin.
AuthorsFiala M, Liu PT, Espinosa-Jeffrey A, Rosenthal MJ, Bernard G, Ringman JM, Sayre J, Zhang L, Zaghi J, Dejbakhsh S, Chiang B, Hui J, Mahanian M, Baghaee A, Hong P, Cashman J
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID17652175
'We have tested a hypothesis that the natural product curcuminoids, which has epidemiologic and experimental rationale for use in AD, may improve the innate immune system and increase amyloid-beta (Abeta) clearance from the brain of patients with sporadic Alzheimer''s disease (AD). Macrophages of a majority of AD patients do not ... More
Espins are multifunctional actin cytoskeletal regulatory proteins in the microvilli of chemosensory and mechanosensory cells.
AuthorsSekerková G, Zheng L, Loomis PA, Changyaleket B, Whitlon DS, Mugnaini E, Bartles JR
JournalJ Neurosci
PubMed ID15190118
'Espins are associated with the parallel actin bundles of hair cell stereocilia and are the target of mutations that cause deafness and vestibular dysfunction in mice and humans. Here, we report that espins are also concentrated in the microvilli of a number of other sensory cells: vomeronasal organ sensory neurons, ... More
Actin in cell attachment.
AuthorsKnutton S, Baldwin T, Williams P
JournalNature
PubMed ID1406947
PKCepsilon, via its regulatory domain and independently of its catalytic domain, induces neurite-like processes in neuroblastoma cells.
AuthorsZeidman R, Löfgren B, Pâhlman S, Larsson C
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10330401
'To investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in regulation of neurite outgrowth, PKCalpha, betaII, delta, and epsilon fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were transiently overexpressed in neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of PKCepsilon-EGFP induced cell processes whereas the other isoforms did not. The effect of PKCepsilon-EGFP was ... More
G alpha 13 stimulates Na+-H+ exchange through distinct Cdc42-dependent and RhoA-dependent pathways.
Authors Hooley R; Yu C Y; Symons M; Barber D L;
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID8626403
'Activity of the ubiquitously expressed Na+-H+ exchanger subtype NHE1 is stimulated upon activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors. The intracellular signaling pathways mediating receptor regulation of the exchanger, however, are poorly understood. Using transient expression of dominant interfering and constitutively active alleles in CCL39 fibroblasts, we determined ... More
Talin dynamics in living microinjected nonmuscle cells.
AuthorsHock RS, Sanger JM, Sanger JW
JournalCell Motil Cytoskeleton
PubMed ID2515003
'To investigate the role of talin in the anchoring of actin-containing stress fibers to the cell membrane of nonmuscle cells, a fluorescent analog of the adhesion plaque protein talin was developed, characterized, and microinjected into living cells. Purified chicken gizzard talin was covalently labeled with the fluorescent dye lissamine rhodamine ... More
Identification of actin filaments in the rhabdomeral microvilli of Drosophila photoreceptors.
AuthorsArikawa K, Hicks JL, Williams DS
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID2112548
'The phototransductive microvilli of arthropod photoreceptors each contain an axial cytoskeleton. The present study shows that actin filaments are a component of this cytoskeleton in Drosophila. Firstly, actin was detected in the rhabdomeral microvilli and in the subrhabdomeral cytoplasm by immunogold labeling with antiactin. Secondly, the rhabdomeres were labeled with ... More
Porcine myosin-VI: characterization of a new mammalian unconventional myosin.
AuthorsHasson T, Mooseker MS
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7929586
'We have cloned a new mammalian unconventional myosin, porcine myosin-VI from the proximal tubule cell line, LLC-PK1 (CL4). Porcine myosin-VI is highly homologous to Drosophila 95F myosin heavy chain, and together these two myosins comprise a sixth class of myosin motors. Myosin-VI exhibits ATP-sensitive actin-binding activities characteristic of myosins, and ... More
Studies on proteins that co-purify with smooth muscle vinculin: identification of immunologically related species in focal adhesions of nonmuscle and Z-lines of muscle cells.
AuthorsWilkins JA, Risinger MA, Lin S
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID3095336
'Membrane extracts from chicken smooth muscle contain, along with filamin, vinculin and alpha actinin, a group of polypeptides that have the ability to interact with the "barbed end" of actin filaments. These low molecular mass polypeptides were designated as HA1 (Wilkins, J.A., and S. Lin, 1986, J. Cell Biol., 102:1085-1092). ... More
Ponticulin plays a role in the positional stabilization of pseudopods.
AuthorsShutt DC, Wessels D, Wagenknecht K, Chandrasekhar A, Hitt AL, Luna EJ, Soll DR
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8522606
'Ponticulin is a 17-kD glycoprotein that represents a major high affinity link between the plasma membrane and the cortical actin network of Dictyostelium. To assess the role of ponticulin in pseudopod extension and retraction, the motile behavior of two independently generated mutants lacking ponticulin was analyzed using computer-assisted two- and ... More
Simultaneous localization and quantification of relative G and F actin content: optimization of fluorescence labeling methods.
AuthorsKnowles GC, McCulloch CA
JournalJ Histochem Cytochem
PubMed ID1527379
'Previous studies of fluorescence probes for labeling the monomeric actin pool have demonstrated lack of specificity. We have used quantitative analytical methods to assess the sensitivity and specificity of rhodamine DNAse I as a probe for monomeric (G) actin. The G-actin pool of attached or suspended fibroblasts was stabilized by ... More
The cytoskeleton of human myometrial cells.
AuthorsYu JT, López Bernal A
JournalJ Reprod Fertil
PubMed ID9538344
'Eukaryotic cells have an internal cytoskeletal scaffolding, giving them their distinctive shapes. The cytoskeleton enables cells to transport vesicles, undergo changes in shape, migrate and contract. This dynamic structure is formed by three classes of filamentous assembly: actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. In this investigation the cytoskeleton of cultured ... More
Control of actin polymerization in live and permeabilized fibroblasts.
AuthorsSymons MH, Mitchison TJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1860882
'We have investigated the spatial control of actin polymerization in fibroblasts using rhodamine-labeled muscle actin in; (a) microinjection experiments to follow actin dynamics in intact cells, and (b) incubation with permeabilized cells to study incorporation sites. Rhodamine-actin was microinjected into NIH-3T3 cells which were then fixed and stained with fluorescein-phalloidin ... More
A-kinase anchoring protein 100 (AKAP100) is localized in multiple subcellular compartments in the adult rat heart.
AuthorsYang J, Drazba JA, Ferguson DG, Bond M
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9679148
'Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors activates type I and II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A, resulting in phosphorylation of various proteins in the heart. It has been proposed that PKA II compartmentalization by A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) regulates cyclic AMP-dependent signaling in the cell. We investigated the expression and localization of AKAP100 ... More
Depletion of intracellular potassium disrupts coated pits and reversibly inhibits cell polarization during fibroblast spreading.
AuthorsAltankov G, Grinnell F
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8449988
'To learn more about the possible role of the coated pits endocytic pathway in cell adhesion, we studied attachment and spreading of fibroblasts whose coated pits were disrupted by depletion of intercellular potassium. Fibroblasts incubated in suspension in potassium-free medium lost 80% of their intracellular potassium within 10 min and ... More
Characterization and dynamics of cytoplasmic F-actin in higher plant endosperm cells during interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
AuthorsSchmit AC, Lambert AM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID3680376
'We have identified an F-actin cytoskeletal network that remains throughout interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis of higher plant endosperm cells. Fluorescent labeling was obtained using actin monoclonal antibodies and/or rhodamine-phalloidin. Video-enhanced microscopy and ultrastructural observations of immunogold-labeled preparations illustrated microfilament-microtubule co-distribution and interactions. Actin was also identified in cell crude extract ... More
Inhibition of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 synthesis and leukocyte transmigration in endothelial cells by the combined action of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.
AuthorsRival Y, Del Maschio A, Rabiet MJ, Dejana E, Duperray A
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID8757631
'Endothelial cell (EC) junctions regulate circulating leukocyte extravasation and infiltration at inflammatory sites. Several lines of evidence show that platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), a specific component of EC junctions, is required for leukocyte transmigration through EC monolayers. In this paper, we examined the effects of two inflammatory cytokines, ... More
Effects of regulated expression of mutant RhoA and Rac1 small GTPases on the development of epithelial (MDCK) cell polarity.
AuthorsJou TS, Nelson WJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9660865
'MDCK cells expressing RhoA or Rac1 mutants under control of the tetracycline repressible transactivator were used to examine short-term effects of known amounts of each mutant before, during, or after development of cell polarity. At low cell density, Rac1V12 cells had a flattened morphology and intact cell-cell contacts, whereas Rac1N17 ... More
Cytoskeletal modulation of plasma membrane events induced by interferon-alpha.
AuthorsBalint E, Cheng M, Rupp B, Grimley PM, Aszalos A
JournalJ Interferon Res
PubMed ID1331257
'Cytochalasin B, a drug that alters microfilament structure, was found to modulate interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)-induced changes in ion fluxes, in motional freedom of spin probes, and lateral diffusion of surface antigens. These changes occur in Daudi cells inherently sensitive to the antiproliferative signal of IFN-alpha, but not in insensitive cells, and ... More
Fibrinogen induces adhesion, spreading, and microfilament organization of human endothelial cells in vitro.
AuthorsDejana E, Colella S, Languino LR, Balconi G, Corbascio GC, Marchisio PC
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID2437130
'Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) have been shown to attach to a substratum of fibrinogen (fg). Later, ECs undergo spreading, organization of thick microfilament bundles of the stress fiber type, and formation of focal contacts (adhesion plaques) that correspond to accumulation of vinculin at the cytoplasmic aspect of the ... More
Exchange of actin subunits at the leading edge of living fibroblasts: possible role of treadmilling.
AuthorsWang YL
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID4040521
'Previous observations indicated that the lamellipodium ("leading edge") of fibroblasts contains a dense meshwork, as well as numerous bundles (microspikes) of actin filaments. Most, if not all, of the filaments have a uniform polarity, with the "barbed" end associated with the membrane. I investigated whether and how actin subunits exchange ... More
Airway epithelial cell migration dynamics. MMP-9 role in cell-extracellular matrix remodeling.
AuthorsLegrand C, Gilles C, Zahm JM, Polette M, Buisson AC, Kaplan H, Birembaut P, Tournier JM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10427102
'Cell spreading and migration associated with the expression of the 92-kD gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase 9 or MMP-9) are important mechanisms involved in the repair of the respiratory epithelium. We investigated the location of MMP-9 and its potential role in migrating human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). In vivo and in vitro, ... More
Interaction of human breast fibroblasts with collagen I increases secretion of procathepsin B.
Authors Koblinski Jennifer E; Dosescu Julie; Sameni Mansoureh; Moin Kamiar; Clark Katherine; Sloane Bonnie F;
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12072442
'Interactions of stromal and tumor cells with the extracellular matrix may regulate expression of proteases including the lysosomal proteases cathepsins B and D. In the present study, we determined whether the expression of these two proteases in human breast fibroblasts was modulated by interactions with the extracellular matrix component, collagen ... More
A method to stain nuclei of Drosophila for confocal microscopy.
AuthorsOrsulic S, Peifer M
JournalBiotechniques
PubMed ID7514424
'We report a method of staining nurse cell and follicle cell nuclei in Drosophila ovaries and nuclei in Drosophila embryos with the fluorescent dye propidium iodide. This technique was used to replace more commonly used 4'', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Hoechst staining as a method of visualizing nuclear material in Drosophila. ... More
The Rho-GEF Rom2p localizes to sites of polarized cell growth and participates in cytoskeletal functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
AuthorsManning BD, Padmanabha R, Snyder M
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9348527
'Rom2p is a GDP/GTP exchange factor for Rho1p and Rho2p GTPases; Rho proteins have been implicated in control of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. ROM2 and RHO2 were identified in a screen for high-copy number suppressors of cik1 delta, a mutant defective in microtubule-based processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A Rom2p::3XHA fusion protein ... More
Changes in intracellular calcium during the development of epithelial polarity and junctions.
AuthorsNigam SK, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Silver RB
JournalProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID1631104
'The "Ca2+ switch" model with cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells is useful in studying the biogenesis of epithelial polarity and junction formation and provides insight into early steps in the morphogenesis of polarized epithelial tissues. When extracellular Ca2+ in the medium is changed from less than 5 microM to ... More
Desensitization of formyl peptide receptors is abolished in calcium ionophore-primed neutrophils: an association of the ligand-receptor complex to the cytoskeleton is not required for a rapid termination of the NADPH-oxidase response.
AuthorsLiu L, Harbecke O, Elwing H, Follin P, Karlsson A, Dahlgren C
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID9498791
'Binding of ligands to N-formyl peptide chemoattractant receptors exposed on human neutrophils generates signals in the cells that induce an activation of the superoxide anion producing NADPH-oxidase. Ligand binding is followed by a rapid association of the ligand-receptor complex with the cytoskeleton, a process leading to desensitization of the cells ... More
Expression of functional domains of beta G-spectrin disrupts epithelial morphology in cultured cells.
AuthorsHu RJ, Moorthy S, Bennett V
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7896872
'Spectrin is a major structural protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membranes of many types of cells. To study the functions of spectrin, we transfected Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells with a plasmid conferring neomycin resistance and encoding either actin-binding or ankyrin-binding domains of beta G-spectrin fused with beta-galactosidase. ... More
Apical spectrin is essential for epithelial morphogenesis but not apicobasal polarity in Drosophila.
AuthorsZarnescu DC, Thomas GH
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10477760
'Changes in cell shape and position drive morphogenesis in epithelia and depend on the polarized nature of its constituent cells. The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is thought to be a key player in the establishment and/or maintenance of cell shape and polarity. We report that apical beta(Heavy)-spectrin (beta(H)), a terminal web ... More
Direct involvement of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM)-binding membrane proteins in the organization of microvilli in collaboration with activated ERM proteins.
AuthorsYonemura S, Tsukita S, Tsukita S
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10385528
'Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins have been thought to play a central role in the organization of cortical actin-based cytoskeletons including microvillar formation through cross-linking actin filaments and integral membrane proteins such as CD43, CD44, and ICAM-2. To examine the functions of these ERM-binding membrane proteins (ERMBMPs) in cortical morphogenesis, we overexpressed ... More
Tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin is required for H2O2-mediated injury of human endothelial cells.
AuthorsLi Y, Liu J, Zhan X
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10952984
'Injury of endothelial cells induced by reactive oxygen species plays an important role in the development of early stages of vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a common form of reaction oxygen species, triggers a series of intracellular ... More
Identification by monoclonal antibodies and characterization of human platelet caldesmon.
AuthorsDingus J, Hwo S, Bryan J
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID3517005
'Actin-based gels were prepared from clarified high-salt extracts of human platelets by dialysis against physiological salt buffers. The gel was partially solubilized with 0.3 M KCl. Mice were immunized with the 0.3 M KCl extract of the actin gel, and hybridomas were produced by fusion of spleen cells with myeloma ... More
Role of actin polymerization and adhesion to extracellular matrix in Rac- and Rho-induced cytoskeletal reorganization.
AuthorsMachesky LM, Hall A
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9265656
'Most animal cells use a combination of actin-myosin-based contraction and actin polymerization- based protrusion to control their shape and motility. The small GTPase Rho triggers the formation of contractile stress fibers and focal adhesion complexes (Ridley, A.J., and A. Hall. 1992. Cell. 70:389-399) while a close relative, Rac, induces lamellipodial ... More
Antigen-receptor complex stimulation triggers protein kinase C-dependent CD11a/CD18-cytoskeleton association in T lymphocytes.
AuthorsPardi R, Inverardi L, Rugarli C, Bender JR
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1346786
'Although it is well accepted that intercellular adhesion involving the CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) complex is critical in a wide array of T cell-dependent processes, recent demonstrations of an LFA-1 high avidity state, induced by triggering the T cell receptor (TCR) complex, has raised questions about the intracellular signals generated and molecular ... More
Blood platelets are assembled principally at the ends of proplatelet processes produced by differentiated megakaryocytes.
AuthorsItaliano JE, Lecine P, Shivdasani RA, Hartwig JH
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID10601342
'Megakaryocytes release mature platelets in a complex process. Platelets are known to be released from intermediate structures, designated proplatelets, which are long, tubelike extensions of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm. We have resolved the ultrastructure of the megakaryocyte cytoskeleton at specific stages of proplatelet morphogenesis and correlated these structures with cytoplasmic remodeling ... More
Expression and functional analysis of a cytoplasmic domain variant of the beta 1 integrin subunit.
AuthorsBalzac F, Belkin AM, Koteliansky VE, Balabanov YV, Altruda F, Silengo L, Tarone G
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7681433
'We have previously described a variant form of the integrin beta 1 subunit (beta 1B)1 characterized by an altered sequence at the cytoplasmic domain. Using polyclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the unique sequence of the beta 1B, we analyzed the expression of this molecule in human tissues ... More
Growth factor-dependent activation of alphavbeta3 integrin in normal epithelial cells: implications for tumor invasion.
AuthorsTrusolino L, Serini G, Cecchini G, Besati C, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Marchisio PC, De Filippi R
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9722624
'Integrin activation is a multifaceted phenomenon leading to increased affinity and avidity for matrix ligands. To investigate whether cytokines produced during stromal infiltration of carcinoma cells activate nonfunctional epithelial integrins, a cellular system of human thyroid clones derived from normal glands (HTU-5) and papillary carcinomas (HTU-34) was employed. In HTU-5 ... More
Role of actin cytoskeleton in prostaglandin-induced protection against ethanol in an intestinal epithelial cell line.
AuthorsBanan A, Smith GS, Kokoska ER, Miller TA
JournalJ Surg Res
PubMed ID10644474
'Prostaglandins (PGs) protect a variety of gastrointestinal cells against injury induced by ethanol and other noxious agents. This investigation attempted to discern the mechanism of cytoprotection as it relates to the relationship between actin and PGs in IEC-6 cells (a rat intestinal epithelial cell line). IEC-6 cells were incubated in ... More
Caldesmon inhibits nonmuscle cell contractility and interferes with the formation of focal adhesions.
AuthorsHelfman DM, Levy ET, Berthier C, Shtutman M, Riveline D, Grosheva I, Lachish-Zalait A, Elbaum M, Bershadsky AD
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID10512853
'Caldesmon is known to inhibit the ATPase activity of actomyosin in a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-regulated manner. Although a nonmuscle isoform of caldesmon is widely expressed, its functional role has not yet been elucidated. We studied the effects of nonmuscle caldesmon on cellular contractility, actin cytoskeletal organization, and the formation of focal adhesions ... More
A talin homologue of Dictyostelium rapidly assembles at the leading edge of cells in response to chemoattractant.
AuthorsKreitmeier M, Gerisch G, Heizer C, Müller-Taubenberger A
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID7698984
'In an attempt to identify unknown actin-binding proteins in cells of Dictyostelium discoideum that may be involved in the control of cell motility and chemotaxis, monoclonal antibodies were raised against proteins that had been enriched on an F-actin affinity matrix. One antibody recognized a protein distinguished by its strong accumulation ... More
Fibroblast growth factor signaling and basement membrane assembly are connected during epithelial morphogenesis of the embryoid body.
AuthorsLi X, Chen Y, Schéele S, Arman E, Haffner-Krausz R, Ekblom P, Lonai P
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID11352941
'Fibroblast growth factors and receptors are intimately connected to the extracellular matrix by their affinity to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. They mediate multiple processes during embryonic development and adult life. In this study, embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies were used to model fibroblast growth factor signaling during early epithelial morphogenesis. To ... More
Characterization of an F-actin-binding domain in the cytoskeletal protein vinculin.
AuthorsMenkel AR, Kroemker M, Bubeck P, Ronsiek M, Nikolai G, Jockusch BM
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8063860
'Vinculin, a major structural component of vertebrate cell-cell and cell-matrix adherens junctions, has been found to interact with several other junctional components. In this report, we have identified and characterized a binding site for filamentous actin. These results included studies with gizzard vinculin, its proteolytic head and tail fragments, and ... More
Stretch of the vascular wall induces smooth muscle differentiation by promoting actin polymerization.
AuthorsAlbinsson S, Nordström I, Hellstrand P
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID15184395
'Stretch of the vascular wall by the intraluminal blood pressure stimulates protein synthesis and contributes to the maintenance of the smooth muscle contractile phenotype. The expression of most smooth muscle specific genes has been shown to be regulated by serum response factor and stimulated by increased actin polymerization. Hence we ... More
Overexpression of a novel rho family GTPase, RacC, induces unusual actin-based structures and positively affects phagocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AuthorsSeastone DJ, Lee E, Bush J, Knecht D, Cardelli J
JournalMol Biol Cell
PubMed ID9763450
'Rho family proteins have been implicated in regulating various cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis, cell cycle, and gene expression. In this study, we analyzed the function of a novel Dictyostelium discoideum Rho family protein (RacC). A cell line was generated that conditionally overexpressed wild-type RacC three- to fourfold ... More
Lymphocyte migration through monolayers of endothelial cell lines involves VCAM-1 signaling via endothelial cell NADPH oxidase.
AuthorsMatheny HE, Deem TL, Cook-Mills JM
JournalJ Immunol
PubMed ID10843714
'Lymphocytes migrate from the blood across endothelial cells to reach foreign substances sequestered in peripheral lymphoid organs and inflammatory sites. To study intracellular signaling in endothelial cells during lymphocyte migration, we used murine endothelial cell lines that promote lymphocyte migration and constitutively express VCAM-1. The maximum rate of resting splenic ... More
Gas2, a growth arrest-specific protein, is a component of the microfilament network system.
AuthorsBrancolini C, Bottega S, Schneider C
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1607387
'In this report we analyze the protein product of a growth arrest-specific gene, gas2, by means of an affinity-purified antibody raised against the protein produced in bacteria. The regulation of Gas2 biosynthesis reflects the pattern of mRNA expression (Schneider, C., R. King, and L. Philipson. 1988. Cell. 54:787-793): its relative ... More
Activation of distinct alpha5beta1-mediated signaling pathways by fibronectin's cell adhesion and matrix assembly domains.
AuthorsHocking DC, Sottile J, McKeown-Longo PJ
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9531562
'The interaction of cells with fibronectin generates a series of complex signaling events that serve to regulate several aspects of cell behavior, including growth, differentiation, adhesion, and motility. The formation of a fibronectin matrix is a dynamic, cell-mediated process that involves both ligation of the alpha5beta1 integrin with the Arg-Gly-Asp ... More
Asymmetric segregation of the homeodomain protein Prospero during Drosophila development.
AuthorsHirata J, Nakagoshi H, Nabeshima Y, Matsuzaki F
JournalNature
PubMed ID7566173
'Asymmetric divisions that produce two distinct cells play fundamental roles in generating different cell types during development. In the Drosophila central nervous system, neural stem cells called neuroblasts divide unequally into another neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell which is subsequently cleaved into neurons. Correct gene expression of ganglion mother ... More
An Arg-Gly-Asp sequence within thrombin promotes endothelial cell adhesion.
AuthorsBar-Shavit R, Sabbah V, Lampugnani MG, Marchisio PC, Fenton JW, Vlodavsky I, Dejana E
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID1988465
'Thrombin, in addition to its central role in hemostasis, possesses diverse cellular bioregulatory functions implicated in wound healing, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. In the present study we demonstrate that thrombin molecules modified either at the procoagulant or catalytic sites induce endothelial cell (EC) adhesion, spreading, and cytoskeletal reorganization. The most potent ... More
v-src transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts. Inefficient conversion to anchorage-independent growth involves heterogeneity of primary cultures.
AuthorsTavoloni N, Inoue H, Sabe H, Hanafusa H
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID8034746
'To clarify whether a single oncogene can transform primary cells in culture, we compared the transforming effect of a recombinant retrovirus (ZSV) containing the v-src gene in rat embryo fibroblasts (REFs) to that in the rat cell line 3Y1. In the focus assay, REFs exhibited resistance to transformation as only ... More
An isoform of kalirin, a brain-specific GDP/GTP exchange factor, is enriched in the postsynaptic density fraction.
AuthorsPenzes P, Johnson RC, Alam MR, Kambampati V, Mains RE, Eipper BA
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID10692441
'Communication between membranes and the actin cytoskeleton is an important aspect of neuronal function. Regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics include the Rho-like small GTP-binding proteins and their exchange factors. Kalirin is a brain-specific protein, first identified through its interaction with peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating monooxygenase. In this study, we cloned rat Kalirin-7, a ... More
Dismantling cell-cell contacts during apoptosis is coupled to a caspase-dependent proteolytic cleavage of beta-catenin.
AuthorsBrancolini C, Lazarevic D, Rodriguez J, Schneider C
JournalJ Cell Biol
PubMed ID9348292
'Cell death by apoptosis is a tightly regulated process that requires coordinated modification in cellular architecture. The caspase protease family has been shown to play a key role in apoptosis. Here we report that specific and ordered changes in the actin cytoskeleton take place during apoptosis. In this context, we ... More
Clostridium difficile toxins may augment bacterial penetration of intestinal epithelium.
AuthorsFeltis BA, Kim AS, Kinneberg KM, Lyerly DL, Wilkins TD, Erlandsen SL, Wells CL
JournalArch Surg
PubMed ID10555639
'BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile can be recovered from many high-risk hospitalized patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Clostridium difficile toxins A and B have been associated with increased intestinal permeability in vitro and there is growing evidence that increased intestinal permeability may be a common mechanism whereby enteric bacteria penetrate the intestinal ... More
Multiphoton excitation spectra in biological samples.
AuthorsDickinson ME, Simbuerger E, Zimmermann B, Waters CW, Fraser SE
JournalJ Biomed Opt
PubMed ID12880336
'Multiphoton microscopy is becoming a popular mode of live and fixed cell imaging. This mode of imaging offers several advantages due to the fact that fluorochrome excitation is a nonlinear event resulting in excitation only at the plane of focus. Multiphoton excitation is enhanced by the use of ultrafast lasers ... More
The ras-related small GTP-binding protein RhoB is immediate-early inducible by DNA damaging treatments.
AuthorsFritz G, Kaina B, Aktories K
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID7559652
'The low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC are characterized as specific substrates for the ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 from Clostridium botulinum and are supposed to be involved in the organization of the microfilamental network and transformation. rhoB is known to be immediate-early inducible by growth factors and protein-tyrosine kinases. ... More
Actin depolymerization via the beta-adrenoceptor in airway smooth muscle cells: a novel PKA-independent pathway.
AuthorsHirshman CA, Zhu D, Panettieri RA, Emala CW
JournalAm J Physiol Cell Physiol
PubMed ID11600409
'Actin is a major functional and structural cytoskeletal protein that mediates such diverse processes as motility, cytokinesis, contraction, and control of cell shape and polarity. While many extracellular signals are known to mediate actin filament polymerization, considerably less is known about signals that mediate depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. Human ... More
Requirement of the inositol trisphosphate receptor for activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels.
'The coupling mechanism between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium ion (Ca2+) stores and plasma membrane (PM) store-operated channels (SOCs) is crucial to Ca2+ signaling but has eluded detection. SOCs may be functionally related to the TRP family of receptor-operated channels. Direct comparison of endogenous SOCs with stably expressed TRP3 channels in ... More
Collagen I initiates endothelial cell morphogenesis by inducing actin polymerization through suppression of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A.
AuthorsWhelan MC, Senger DR
JournalJ Biol Chem
PubMed ID12399469
'Collagen I provokes endothelial cells to assume a spindle-shaped morphology and to align into solid cord-like assemblies. These cords closely imitate the solid pre-capillary cords of embryonic angiogenesis, raising interesting questions about underlying mechanisms. Studies described here identify a critical mechanism beginning with collagen I ligation of integrins alpha(1)beta(1) and ... More