CD23 Monoclonal Antibody (ZM209), MonoMab™

Product Specific Information

This product is diluted and in a ready-to-use formulation.

A recommended positive control tissue for this product is Lymph Node, however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.

The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.

CD23 (FCE2) is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein that is expressed on mature B cells, monocytes, eosinophils, platelets and dendritic cells. CD23 associates as an oligomer where cooperative binding of at least two lectin domains is required for high affinity IgE binding to CD23. It may play a role in antigen presentation by B cells by interacting with CD40. CD23 has been shown to be associated with the Fyn tyrosine kinase. The truncated molecule can be secreted, then function as a potent mitogenic growth factor. CD23 is expressed on a subpopulation of peripheral blood cells, B-lymphocytes and on EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines. CD23 is also detected in neoplastic cells from cases of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.

A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.

Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.

Target Information

CD23 is a 45 kDa glycoprotein that serves as a low-affinity receptor for IgE, playing a crucial role in regulating IgE responses and B cell activation. It is expressed on mature B cells, mantle zone B cells, follicular dendritic cells, and at lower levels on T cells, NK cells, Langerhans cells, and platelets. CD23 expression is upregulated upon B cell activation, and its soluble forms are biologically active, acting as potent mitogenic factors. CD23 is strongly expressed on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphoblasts and is present on a subpopulation of freshly isolated peripheral blood and tonsil B cells. It is also detected in neoplastic cells from cases of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and some centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas. Functionally, CD23 is involved in B cell growth, differentiation, and IgE production. It interacts with CD21 and the alpha subunits of CD11b and CD11c, further influencing immune responses. Diseases associated with CD23 dysfunction include chronic conjunctivitis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, highlighting its importance in both normal immune function and disease states. This makes CD23 a valuable target for antibody customers interested in B-cell-related research and diagnostics.