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p16INK4a Monoclonal Antibody (JC2)

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p16INK4a Monoclonal Antibody (JC2)

Product Details

Z2567MP

Applications
Tested Dilution
Publications

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) (IHC (P))

Ready-to-use 150-200 µL
-
Product Specifications

Species Reactivity

Human

Host/Isotype

Mouse / IgG2a, kappa

Class

Monoclonal

Type

Antibody

Clone

JC2

Immunogen

Purified recombinant prokaryotic full length human p16INK4a protein
3D Epitope / Immunogen

Conjugate

Unconjugated Unconjugated Unconjugated

Form

Liquid

Purification

Protein A

Storage buffer

tris with BSA, NP-40

Contains

<0.1% sodium azide

Storage conditions

4°C

Shipping conditions

Ambient (domestic); Wet ice (international)

Product Specific Information

This product is diluted and in a ready-to-use formulation.

A recommended positive control tissue for this product is SCC (H&N), however positive controls are not limited to this tissue type.

The primary antibody is intended for laboratory professional use in the detection of the corresponding protein in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained in manual qualitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. This antibody is intended to be used after the primary diagnosis of tumor has been made by conventional histopathology using non-immunological histochemical stains.

p16INK4a is a tumor suppressor protein. It is a specific inhibitor of cdk4/cdk6, and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. Recent analyses of the p16INK4a gene revealed homozygous deletions, nonsense, missense, or frameshift mutations in several human cancers. Although the frequency of p16INK4a abnormalities is higher in tumor-derived cell lines than in unselected primary tumors, significant subsets of clinical cases with aberrant p16INK4a gene have been reported among melanomas, gliomas, esophageal, pancreatic, lung, and urinary bladder carcinomas, and some types of leukemia. Expression of p16INK4a (p16 positive) is highly correlated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). p16 status is an important prognostic indicator in HNSCC and the p16 positive/HPV16 negative group is likely a distinct subgroup lacking any HPV genotype.

Antibody is used with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. Pretreatment of deparaffinized tissue with heat-induced epitope retrieval or enzymatic retrieval is recommended. In general, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody (link antibody), an enzyme complex and a chromogenic substrate with interposed washing steps. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.

A positive tissue control must be run with every staining procedure performed. This tissue may contain both positive and negative staining cells or tissue components and serve as both the positive and negative control tissue. External Positive control materials should be fresh autopsy/biopsy/surgical specimens fixed, processed and embedded as soon as possible in the same manner as the patient sample (s). Positive tissue controls are indicative of correctly prepared tissues and proper staining methods. The tissues used for the external positive control materials should be selected from the patient specimens with well-characterized low levels of the positive target activity that gives weak positive staining. The low level of positivity for external positive controls is designed to ensure detection of subtle changes in the primary antibody sensitivity from instability or problems with the staining methodology. A tissue with weak positive staining is more suitable for optimal quality control and for detecting minor levels of reagent degradation.

Internal or external negative control tissue may be used depending on the guidelines and policies that govern the organization to which the end user belongs to. The variety of cell types present in many tissue sections offers internal negative control sites, but this should be verified by the user. The components that do not stain should demonstrate the absence of specific staining, and provide an indication of non-specific background staining. If specific staining occurs in the negative tissue control sites, results with the patient specimens must be considered invalid.

Target Information

This gene generates several transcript variants which differ in their first exons. At least three alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported, two of which encode structurally related isoforms known to function as inhibitors of CDK4 kinase. The remaining transcript includes an alternate first exon located 20 Kb upstream of the remainder of the gene; this transcript contains an alternate open reading frame (ARF) that specifies a protein which is structurally unrelated to the products of the other variants. This ARF product functions as a stabilizer of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as it can interact with, and sequester, the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. In spite of the structural and functional differences, the CDK inhibitor isoforms and the ARF product encoded by this gene, through the regulatory roles of CDK4 and p53 in cell cycle G1 progression, share a common functionality in cell cycle G1 control. This gene is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide variety of tumors, and is known to be an important tumor suppressor gene.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Not for resale without express authorization.

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Bioinformatics

Protein Aliases: a frameshift between exon 1 (0.18) and exon 2 changed the ORF of p16INK4 gene.; Alternative reading frame; ARF; CDK4 inhibitor p16 INK4; CDK4 inhibitor p16-INK4; CDK4I; CDKN2A/ARF Intron 2 lncRNA; cell cycle negative regulator beta; Cyclin dependent kinase 4 inhibitor A; Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor A; Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits CDK4); HGNC:1787; hypothetical 18.1 kDa protein from longest open reading frame; inhibitor of cdk4 A; inhibits CDK4; isoforms 1/2/3; Melanoma p16 inhibits CDK4; MTS-1; Multiple tumor suppressor 1; multiple tumour suppressor 1; P14 P16; p14ARF; p16; p16 gamma; p16-INK4; p16-INK4a; P19 TP16; Tumor suppressor ARF

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Gene Aliases: ARF; CAI2; CDK4I; CDKN2; CDKN2A; CMM2; INK4; INK4A; MLM; MTS-1; MTS1; P14; P14ARF; P16; P16-INK4A; P16INK4; P16INK4A; P19; P19ARF; TP16

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UniProt ID: (Human) P42771

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Entrez Gene ID: (Human) 1029

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Function(s)
p53 binding DNA binding RNA binding cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity protein binding SUMO transferase activity protein kinase binding NF-kappaB binding ligase inhibitor activity ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor binding MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding disordered domain specific binding ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity
Process(es)
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter protein polyubiquitination mitophagy negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion rRNA processing apoptotic process Ras protein signal transduction negative regulation of cell proliferation epidermis development rRNA transcription regulation of gene expression positive regulation of gene expression protein sumoylation keratinocyte differentiation negative regulation of cell growth nuclear body organization negative regulation of B cell proliferation regulation of protein stability protein destabilization negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus positive regulation of protein sumoylation mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process protein localization to nucleus somatic stem cell population maintenance glucose homeostasis positive regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator keratinocyte proliferation negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity negative regulation of cell cycle negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport regulation of protein export from nucleus somatic stem cell division protein stabilization regulation of cell cycle mitochondrial depolarization apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution cellular response to hydrogen peroxide protein K63-linked ubiquitination cellular senescence replicative senescence oncogene-induced cell senescence apoptotic signaling pathway positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator protein localization to nucleolus negative regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity amyloid fibril formation regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process negative regulation of protein neddylation
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