What is the half-life of Ponasterone A in culture medium at 37 degrees C? Is it necessary to replenish the Ponasterone A in cell culture with a long induction phase?
We do not have an exact measurement for the half-life of Ponasterone A in media. However, in studies measuring the decay period of expression when inducing with Ponasterone A, peak activity was seen at 24 hours post induction. There was a 30% decrease in activity at 48 hours post induction and a 70% decrease after 72 hours. Based on this data, we recommend replenishment of medium every 2-3 days with fresh inducer, which will usually correspond to cell splitting times.
Can Ponasterone A be resuspended in ethanol at concentrations higher than 1 mM and can it be dissolved in other solvents such as DMSO?
Ponasterone A solution may be prepared as 5 mM stock in ethanol (250 µg of Ponasterone A in 100µL of ethanol). They will take a while to go into solution. Add ethanol and incubate at 37 degrees C for about 15 minutes, then vortex vigorously. Ponasterone A is also highly soluble in DMSO.
I sequenced one of your vectors after PCR amplification and observed a difference from what is provided online (or in the manual). Should I be concerned?
Our vectors have not been completely sequenced. Your sequence data may differ when compared to what is provided. Known mutations that do not affect the function of the vector are annotated in public databases.
'Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) used for mitochondrial DNA replication are mainly formed by phosphorylation of deoxynucleosides imported into mitochondria from the cytosol. We earlier obtained evidence for a mitochondrial 5''-nucleotidase (dNT2) with a pronounced specificity for dUMP and dTMP and suggested that the enzyme protects mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. ... More
Multiple lysine mutations in the C-terminal domain of p53 interfere with MDM2-dependent protein degradation and ubiquitination
Authors:Nakamura S, Roth JA, Mukhopadhyay T
Journal:Mol Cell Biol
PubMed ID:11094089
'To investigate the effect of mutations in the p53 C-terminal domain on MDM2-mediated degradation, we introduced single and multiple point mutations into a human p53 cDNA at four putative acetylation sites (amino acid residues 372, 373, 381, and 382). Substitution of all four lysine residues by alanines (the A4 mutant) ... More
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is required for microcystin-induced apoptosis.
'The potent natural toxins microcystin, nodularin, and okadaic acid act rapidly to induce apoptotic cell death. Here we show that the apoptosis correlates with protein phosphorylation events and can be blocked by protein kinase inhibitors directed against the multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). The inhibitors used comprised a battery ... More
Molecular basis of the specific subcellular localization of the C2-like domain of 5-lipoxygenase.
Authors: Kulkarni Shilpa; Das Sudipto; Funk Colin D; Murray Diana; Cho Wonhwa;
Journal:J Biol Chem
PubMed ID:11796736
The activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) involves its calcium-dependent translocation to the nuclear envelope, where it catalyzes the two-step transformation of arachidonic acid into leukotriene A(4), leading to the synthesis of various leukotrienes. To understand the mechanism by which 5-LO is specifically targeted to the nuclear envelope, we studied the membrane ... More
New Human Breast Cancer Cells to Study Progesterone Receptor Isoform Ratio Effects and Ligand-independent Gene Regulation.
Authors: Jacobsen Britta M; Richer Jennifer K; Schittone Stephanie A; Horwitz Kathryn B;
Journal:J Biol Chem
PubMed ID:12021276
All known progesterone target cells coexpress two functionally different progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms: 120-kDa B-receptors (PR-B) and N-terminally truncated, 94-kDa A-receptors (PR-A). Their ratio varies in normal and malignant tissues. In human breast cancer cells, homodimers of progesterone-occupied PR-A or PR-B regulate different gene subsets. To study PR homo- and ... More