Hamburger Menu Button
Thermo Fisher Scientific Logo
Sign in
Don't have an account ? Create Account
  • Products
    • Antibodies
    • Cell Culture Media
    • Chemicals
    • Chromatography Columns and Cartridges
    • Lab Equipment
    • Lab Plasticware and Supplies
    • Microplates
    • Oligos, Primers, Probes and Genes
    • TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assays
    • Greener Products
    • See all product categories
  • Applications
    • Bioprocessing
    • Cell Culture and Transfection
    • Cell and Gene Therapy
    • Chromatography
    • Molecular Testing
    • Digital Solutions
    • DNA and RNA Extraction and Analysis
    • Spectroscopy, Elemental and Isotope Analysis
    • See all applications and techniques
  • Services
    • 360° CDMO and CRO Solutions
    • CDMO Services
    • CRO Services
    • Custom Services
    • Financial and Leasing Services
    • Instrument Services
    • Lab Informatics
    • OEM and Commercial Supply
    • Training Services
    • Unity Lab Services
    • See all services
  • Help and Support
    • How to Order
    • Instrument Support
    • Learning Centers
    • Register for an Account
    • Technical Support Centers
    • See all help and support topics
  • Popular
    • TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assays
      TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assays
    • Antibodies
      Antibodies
    • Oligos, Primers & Probes
      Oligos, Primers & Probes
    • GeneArt Gene Synthesis
      GeneArt Gene Synthesis
    • Cell Culture Plastics
      Cell Culture Plastics
  • Who We Serve
    • Biotech
    • Biopharma
    • CDMO
    • Lab Diagnostics
    • Industrial and Applied Sciences
  • Promotions
  • Contact Us
  • Quick Order
  • Order Status and Tracking
  • Documents and Certificates
Thermo Fisher Scientific Logo

Search

Search All
Search button
          • Order Status
          • Quick Order
          • Promos
          • Sign in
            Sign in
            Don't have an account ? Create Account
            • Account
            • Check Order Status
            • Connect: Lab, Data, Apps
            • Custom Products & Projects
            • Services Central
          This product has been added to your favorites list. Go to My Favorites

          System Message

          OKCancel
          LOADING ...
          • Home
          • › Search Tool
          • › Search Results
          • › Hs00604313_sH
          See other TAS2R31 GE Assays ›
          Gene Symbol:
          TAS2R31
          Gene Name:
          taste 2 receptor member 31
          Gene Aliases:
          T2R31, T2R44, T2R53, TAS2R44
          Chromosome Location:
          Chr.12: 11030387 - 11031407 on Build GRCh38
          Species:
          Human
          Species Specific ID (Flybase ID):
          -
          Assay ID Hs00604313_sH
          Best Coverage
          Size
          Availability Inventoried
          Catalog # 4331182
          Price
          Your Price
          Online offer:
          Check your price ›
          • Genomic Map
          • Assay Details
          • More Information

          Genomic Map

          LOADING...
          ×
          Back To Top

          Assay Details

          Gene Symbol: TAS2R31
          Interrogated Sequence Translated Protein Exon Boundary Assay Location IMAGE Clone ID Amplicon Length
          RefSeq NM_176885.2 NP_795366.2 1 531 155
          GenBank mRNA BC117421.1 - 1 532 40125972 155

          Back To Top

          More Information


          Updated Mapping Information

          This assay targets the same location as Clariom D transcript cluster(s) TC1200012761.hg.1
          This assay targets the same location as HTA transcript cluster(s) TC12001239.hg.1

          Set Membership:

          Ambion siRNA available Amplicon length greater than or equal to 101 G-protein coupled receptor Mammalian Gene Collection Detect Genomic DNA Recommended Assay Homo sapiens 1700 Inventoried Both primers and probe map within a single exon

          Matching Ambion siRNAs:

          Click here to find siRNAs for Gene TAS2R31

          Panther Classification:

          Molecular Function -

          transmembrane signal receptor

          Gene Ontology Categories:

          Function(s) Process(es)

          detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste
          G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
          G-protein coupled receptor activity
          bitter taste receptor activity

          MicroArray Probes:

          Agilent Affymetrix ArrayStar ABI Illumina

          Array Name Probe IDs Targets Target Type
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P16533087 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P16533082 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622787 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622783 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622782 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622779 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622781 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622775 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P16533089 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622780 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622788 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622747 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622759 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P28622778 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP Tiling Array A_17_P08190680 - -
          Agilent Whole Human Genome Microarray 4x44K v2 A_23_P416191 - -
          Agilent Genotypic Designed Human Whole genome gene expression profiling microarray 4x44k GT_44k_23_P416191 - -
          Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray 4x44K 4040 - -
          Agilent G4851A SurePrint G3 Hmn GE 8x60K Microarray 1965 - -
          Agilent Whole Human Genome Microarray 4x44K v2 A_23_P416191 - -
          SurePrint G3 Human GE Microarray G4851A A_23_P416191 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622777 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622781 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622759 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622787 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622774 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622780 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622785 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622739 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622756 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622753 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533089 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533127 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533087 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622782 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622775 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622747 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622778 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622761 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533082 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533116 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622768 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622766 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533073 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622779 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622774 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622787 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533073 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622756 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622775 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622768 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622781 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622780 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622759 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622777 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622747 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622766 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533087 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533127 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533089 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622778 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622782 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533082 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622753 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622785 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622739 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622779 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P28622761 - -
          Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter Microarray 1x1M A_17_P16533116 - -
          Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray G4112A A_23_P416191 - -
          Agilent Human Genome CGH Microarray 105A (G4412A) A_16_P39583655 - -
          Agilent Human Promoter ChIP-on-Chip A) A_17_P08190680 - -
          Agilent Human Promoter ChIP-on-Chip A) A_17_P08190681 - -
          Agilent Whole Human Genome Microarray 4x44K G4112F A_23_P416191 - -
          Agilent HD CGH Microarray (2X105K) Oxford design AMADID#019015 41798 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP-on-Chip A_17_P16533032 - -
          Agilent Human Whole Genome ChIP-on-Chip A_17_P08190677 - -
          Array Name Probe IDs Targets Target Type
          Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array NM_176885_at - -
          Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array 7961292 - -
          Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST Array 7961291 - -
          Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array 11738916_PM_at - -
          Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array 11738917_x_at - -
          Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array 11738917_PM_x_at - -
          Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array 11738916_at - -
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 PSR12016276.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 PSR12016276.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 PSR12016276.hg.1 TC12001239.hg.1 HTA TC
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012761.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012761.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012761.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012761.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000531678.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000531678.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000531678.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000541175.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000541175.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000541175.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000610639.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000610639.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_001097643.1 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_001097643.1 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_001097643.1 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_176884.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_176884.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_176884.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 PSR12016277.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 PSR12016277.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 PSR12016277.hg.1 TC12001239.hg.1 HTA TC
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200009931.hg.1 ENST00000533467.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 TC1200009931.hg.1 NM_176887.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202681.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202681.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202681.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202681.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202681.hg.1 TC1200012761.hg.1 Clariom D TC
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000531678.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000531678.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000531678.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000539585.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000541175.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000541175.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000541175.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000610639.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 ENST00000610639.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_001097643.1 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_001097643.1 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_001097643.1 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_176884.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_176884.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012763.hg.1 NM_176884.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200009931.hg.1 ENST00000533467.1 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200009931.hg.1 NM_176887.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012761.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012761.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012761.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay TC1200012761.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202682.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202682.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202682.hg.1 ENST00000390675.2 Ensembl
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202682.hg.1 NM_176885.2 Refseq
          Affymetrix Human Clariom D Assay PSR1200202682.hg.1 TC1200012761.hg.1 Clariom D TC
          Array Name Probe IDs Targets Target Type
          Arraystar Human LncRNA microarray V2.0 ASHG19A3A047330 - -
          Arraystar Human LncRNA microarray V2.0 ASHG19A3A047330 - -
          Array Name Probe IDs Targets Target Type
          ABI Human Genome Survey Microarray Version 2.0 700714 - -
          Array Name Probe IDs Targets Target Type
          HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanWG-6 v2.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanWG-6 v2.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanHT-12 WG-DASL V4.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanHT-12 WG-DASL V4.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanHT-12 WG-DASL V4.0 R2 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanHT-12 WG-DASL V4.0 R2 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Sentrix Human-6 Expression BeadChip GI_28882030-S BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Sentrix Human-6 Expression BeadChip GI_28882030-S NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChip GI_21514-S - -
          Illumina human-6 v1.0 expression beadchip 0000360044 - -
          Illumina humanRef-8 v1.0 expression beadchip 0000360044 - -
          Illumina human-6 v2.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina human-6 v2.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina humanRef-8 v2.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina humanRef-8 v2.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina Sentrix Human-6 v2 Expression BeadChip 7610451 - -
          Illumina HumanRef-6 v2.0 expression beadchip ILMN_21514 - -
          Illumina HumanRef-8 v3.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanRef-8 v3.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanWG-6 v3.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanWG-6 v3.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanHT-12 V3.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanHT-12 V3.0 expression beadchip ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanWG-6_V2_0_R2 ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanWG-6_V2_0_R2 ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanRef-8 WG-DASL v3.0 ILMN_1807759 BC117421.1 human_transcriptome
          Illumina HumanRef-8 WG-DASL v3.0 ILMN_1807759 NM_176885.2 human_transcriptome

          Back To Top

          Related Products

          • TaqMan® Fast Advanced Master Mix
          • SuperScript® VILO™ cDNA Synthesis Kit
          Ordering Plus Icon Minus Icon
          • Order Status
          • Order Help
          • Quick Order
          • Supply Center
          • eProcurement
          Support Plus Icon Minus Icon
          • Help and Support
          • Contact Us
          • Technical Support Centers
          • Documents and Certificates
          • Report a Site Issue
          Resources Plus Icon Minus Icon
          • Learning Centers
          • Promotions
          • Events and Webinars
          • Social Media
          About Thermo Fisher Plus Icon Minus Icon
          • About Us About Us
          • Careers Careers
          • Investors Investors
          • News News
          • Social Responsibility Social Responsibility
          • Trademarks
          • Policies and Notices
          Our Portfolio Plus Icon Minus Icon
          • Thermo Scientific
          • Applied Biosystems
          • Invitrogen
          • Gibco
          • Ion Torrent
          • Fisher Scientific
          • Unity Lab Services
          • Patheon
          • PPD
          • Terms & Conditions
          • Privacy Information Center
          • Price & Freight Policy
          © 2006-2026 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries unless otherwise specified.
          France flag icon
          France

          Your items have has been added!


          Host server : magellan-search-blue-64dd947b88-fbg7s:80/100.66.79.246:80.
          git-commit: 0f46c0ba67a87c24f5ac662a3edafcaba07cd08c
          git-url: https://github.com/thermofisher/magellan-search
          git-branch: release/2.45.0-Offline