Two-color assay distinguishes live and dead yeast
This kit combines a novel two-color fluorescent probe for yeast viability, FUN® 1, with a fluorescent fungal surface labeling reagent, Calcofluor® White M2R. Plasma membrane integrity and metabolic function of fungi are required to convert the yellow-green fluorescent intracellular staining of FUN® 1 into red-orange intravacuolar structures; Calcofluor® White M2R labels cell-wall chitin with blue-fluorescence, regardless of metabolic state.
This protocol can be used for:
- Identifying live and dead yeast using a fluorescence microscope
This protocol should not be used for:
- Flow cytometry
You will need the following for this protocol:
- Yeast growing in culture
- LIVE/DEAD® Yeast Viability Kit, for microscopy (Cat. No. L7009)
- Medium such as yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) (Cat. No. A1374501)
- Wash buffer such as 10 mM Na-HEPES (pH 7.2) with 2% D-glucose
- Fluorescence microscope
Protocol
1. Preparation of yeast suspensions
 1. Grow yeast to late log phase (107–108 cells/mL) in medium such as yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) |
 2. Add 50 µL of the yeast culture to 1 mL of wash buffer |
 3. Centrifuge at 10,000 × g for 5 minutes |
 4. Remove supernatant and resuspend pellet in 1 mL of wash buffer |
2. Staining bacteria
| 1. Add 1 µL of Component A (FUN® 1 cell stain) and 5 µL of Component B (Calcofluor® White M2R) to 1 mL of yeast suspension (10 µM and 25 µM final concentrations of each of the dyes, respectively) |
 2. Incubate at 30°C in the dark for 30 minutes |
 3. Put 5 µL of the stained yeast suspension onto a glass slide and cover with a coverslip |
 4. Image cells with the appropriate filters listed below |
Spectral information and storage
| FUN® 1 cell stain | Calcofluor® White M2R | |
|---|---|---|
| Excitation/Emission (in nm) | 488/530 | 365/435 |
| Standard filter set | FITC | DAPI |
| Storage conditions | ≤20°C, protect from light | ≤20°C, protect from light |
Protocol tips
- Warm vials to room temperature and centrifuge briefly before opening
- Wash to remove all growth medium from yeast before staining
- Phosphate wash buffers may decrease staining efficiency and are not recommended
- If precipitate is observed in Calcofluor® dye, briefly centrifuge at 10,000 x g to clear solution
Saccharomyces cerevisiae stained with FUN® 1 cell stain, which generates red-fluorescent intravacuolar structures, and with Calcofluor® White M2R, a blue-fluorescent cell wall stain.
