Table of Contents

Whole Allergen

d74 Euroglyphus maynei

d74 Euroglyphus maynei Scientific Information

Type:

Whole Allergen

Display Name:

Euroglyphus maynei

Allergen code:

d74

Family:

Pyroglyphidae

Species:

Euroglyphus maynei

Route of Exposure:

Inhalation (2)

Source Material:

Mite feces

Latin Name:

Euroglyphus maynei

Other Names:

Mayne's house dust mite (1)

Summary

Euroglyphus maynei is one of the Pyroglyphinae family of dust mites, known commonly as Mayne's house dust mite. E. maynei thrives in humid conditions within the home, notably in bedding, carpets and furniture and is found in dust in around 30–40% of homes. Sensitization to house dust mites (HDMs) represents a major cause of respiratory allergy worldwide in children, adolescents, and adults.

Allergen

Nature

E. maynei is a common species of HDM that thrives at relative humidity of >50%. HDM adults develop from eggs within 3–4 weeks under humid conditions at 25–30°C, and females produce 40–80 eggs during their 4–6-week lifespan (3).

Adult mites are found predominantly in bedding, carpets and furniture (4); a study of Polish homes found E. maynei to be the most abundant species of mite in in bedroom floors (175.0 specimens per gram) and upholstered furniture in the living room (200 E. maynei per gram) (5).

In the homes of patients with rhinitis and asthma, mites were found in 466 of 500 (93.2%) dust samples from 125 houses, with a total of 7,710 mite specimens isolated (6). Of these, 7,404 specimens were mites of the suborder Astigmata and 63.2% of those were E. maynei (6).

Taxonomy

*Taxonomic tree of Euroglyphus maynei* (7)**
Domain	Eukaryota
Kingdom	Metazoa
Phylum	Arthropoda
Subphylum	Chelicerata
Class	Arachnida
Subclass	Acari
Order	Astigmata
Family	Pyroglyphidae
Genus	Euroglyphus

Tissue

Mite feces are the most relevant source of allergens (8).

Epidemiology

Worldwide distribution

Approximately 20% of the population in industrialized countries are sensitized to HDM allergens (9).

Environmental Characteristics

Living environment

Mites require warm, dark, humid conditions (10). E. maynei often co-inhabit with Dermatophagoides species of HDM (11).

Worldwide distribution

E. maynei can be found worldwide, in humid regions (3).

Route of Exposure

Main

Inhalation (2).

Secondary

Ingestion and contact (10).

Clinical Relevance

Mites are the sources of potent allergens that sensitize and induce IgE-mediated allergic reactions (12). HDMs are a major cause of atopic sensitization with symptoms induced by direct contact (conjunctivitis, eczema), inhalation (rhinitis, asthma, eczema), and ingestion (urticaria, anaphylaxis) (10).

Sensitization to house dust mites (HDMs) is a major cause of respiratory allergy worldwide in children, adolescents, and adults (2).

Prevention and Therapy

Prevention strategies

Several dust mite avoidance measures have been proposed, including mattress and pillow encasings, high efficiency particulate air filtration vacuum cleaners, air purification, acaricides, humidity control, and physical removal of mite reservoirs. The most common strategies that have been used to control domestic allergen exposure are physical barriers such as covers for pillows, duvet, and mattresses (2).

Molecular Aspects

Allergenic molecules

Fifteen different allergens have been identified in E. maynei extracts; all of which have demonstrated moderate or strong IgE binding to at least one serum from 32 E. maynei-sensitized patients (13).

Table adapted from Allergome.org (14)

Allergen	Type	Mass (kDa)
Eur m 1	Cysteine protease	36.3
Eur m 2	NPC2 family	15.7
Eur m 3	Trypsin	28
Eur m 4	α-amylase	60
Eur m 10	Tropomyosin	n/a
Eur m 14	Apolipophorin	191.3
Eur m 29	Isomerase	35.6
Eur m 30	Ferritin	20.5
Eur m 31	Actin binding	17.5
Eur m 33	α-tubulin	50
Eur m 36	Unknown	17
Eur m 38	Bacterial lytic enzyme	16

Cross-reactivity

E. maynei produces an allergen that cross reacts with Der P1 and shows some cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Colloff, 2009). Antigens from E. maynei are also cross-reactive with some antigens from the ectoparasitic scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei (11). Cross-reactivity due to tropomyosin and haemocyanin among shrimp, cockroach, and house dust has been suggested (15).

Compiled By

Author: RubyDuke Communications

Reviewer: Dr. Christian Fischer

Last reviewed:May 2022

References

Uniprot.org. Taxonomy - Euroglyphus maynei (Mayne's house dust mite) 2021 [cited 2022 04.01.22]. Available from: https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/6958.
Zuiani C, Custovic A. Update on House Dust Mite Allergen Avoidance Measures for Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20(9):50.
Gill NK, Dhaliwal AK. Seasonal Variation of Allergenic Acarofauna From the Homes of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthmatic Patients. Journal of Medical Entomology. 2017;55(2):262-8.
Aggarwal P, Senthilkumaran S. Dust Mite Allergy. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing
Hajduga-Staśko B, Pawełczyk O, Solarz K. Comparison of the domestic mites abundance in dwellings on selected urban and rural areas of the Zawiercie district (south-west Poland). Ann Parasitol. 2020;66(3):319-29.
Gill NK, Dhaliwal AK. Seasonal Variation of Allergenic Acarofauna From the Homes of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthmatic Patients. J Med Entomol. 2018;55(2):262-8.
Interpro. Euroglyphus maynei 2021 [cited 2022 04.01.22]. Available from: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/taxonomy/uniprot/6958/.
Erban T, Rybanska D, Harant K, Hortova B, Hubert J. Feces Derived Allergens of Tyrophagus putrescentiae Reared on Dried Dog Food and Evidence of the Strong Nutritional Interaction between the Mite and Bacillus cereus Producing Protease Bacillolysins and Exo-chitinases. Frontiers in Physiology. 2016;7.
Chang YC, Hsiao YM, Hung SC, Chen YW, Ou CC, Chang WT, et al. Alleviation of Dermatophagoides microceras-induced allergy by an immunomodulatory protein, FIP-fve, from Flammulina velutipes in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2015;79(1):88-96.
Miller JD. The Role of Dust Mites in Allergy. Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 2019;57(3):312-29.
Rider S, Morgan M, Arlian L. Allergen homologs in the Euroglyphus maynei draft genome. PLOS ONE. 2017;12:e0183535.
van Hage-Hamsten M, Johansson SGO. Storage mites. Experimental & Applied Acarology. 1992;16(1):117-28.
Arlian LG, Rapp CM, Fernandez-Caldas E. Allergenicity of Euroglyphus maynei and its cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides species. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993;91(5):1051-8.
Allergome.org. EUROGLYPHUS MAYNEI 2021 [cited 2022 04.01.21]. Available from: http://www.allergome.org/script/search_step2.php.
Lin IH, Tsai MC, Chen JP, Fu LS. Allergic children with extremely high total IgE but no allergen identified in the initial screening panel. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021;54(3):474-81.