How can I increase the transduction efficiency with the BacMam 2.0 reagents such as the the CellLight and Premo products?
Try varying particle-to-cell ratio (PPC), incubation volume, temperature and, cell density (if adherent cells are transduced). For adherent cells, we recommend a confluence of about 70%. Following the PPC, adjusting the volume is the next best parameter to change to optimize protein expression. If that doesn't work, you can also use the BacMam Enhancer Kit (Cat. No. B10107).
Standardized mitochondrial analysis gives new insights into mitochondrial dynamics and OPA1 function.
Authors:Chevrollier A, Cassereau J, Ferré M, Alban J, Desquiret-Dumas V, Gueguen N, Amati-Bonneau P, Procaccio V, Bonneau D, Reynier P,
Journal:Int J Biochem Cell Biol
PubMed ID:22433900
'Mitochondria form dynamic tubular networks through processes of fission and fusion. Defect in mitochondrial dynamics lead to various pathologies, including several common and some rare neurodegenerative disorders. OPA1 and MFN2 are two key players in mitochondrial fusion associated with Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy and Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy type 2A ... More
Ketamine induces toxicity in human neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
Authors:Bosnjak ZJ, Yan Y, Canfield S, Muravyeva MY, Kikuchi C, Wells CW, Corbett JA, Bai X,
Journal:Curr Drug Saf
PubMed ID:22873495
'Ketamine is widely used for anesthesia in pediatric patients. Growing evidence indicates that ketamine causes neurotoxicity in a variety of developing animal models. Our understanding of anesthesia neurotoxicity in humans is currently limited by difficulties in obtaining neurons and performing developmental toxicity studies in fetal and pediatric populations. It may ... More
Energy metabolism in human pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated counterparts.
Authors:Varum S, Rodrigues AS, Moura MB, Momcilovic O, Easley CA, Ramalho-Santos J, Van Houten B, Schatten G,
Journal:PLoS One
PubMed ID:21698063
'BACKGROUND: Human pluripotent stem cells have the ability to generate all cell types present in the adult organism, therefore harboring great potential for the in vitro study of differentiation and for the development of cell-based therapies. Nonetheless their use may prove challenging as incomplete differentiation of these cells might lead ... More
Nitrite activates protein kinase A in normoxia to mediate mitochondrial fusion and tolerance to ischaemia/reperfusion.
'Nitrite (NO2(-)), a dietary constituent and nitric oxide (NO) oxidation product, mediates cardioprotection after ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) in a number of animal models when administered during ischaemia or as a pre-conditioning agent hours to days prior to the ischaemic episode. When present during ischaemia, the reduction of nitrite to bioactive NO ... More
Inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase a (AMPKa) by doxorubicin accentuates genotoxic stress and cell death in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes: role of p53 and SIRT1.
Authors:Wang S, Song P, Zou MH,
Journal:J Biol Chem
PubMed ID:22267730
'Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, is widely used in cancer treatment. Doxorubicin produces genotoxic stress and p53 activation in both carcinoma and non-carcinoma cells. Although its side effects in non-carcinoma cells, especially in heart tissue, are well known, the molecular targets of doxorubicin are poorly characterized. Here, we report that doxorubicin ... More