BioParticles製品の使用について BioParticles™コンジュゲートは凍結乾燥粉末として提供されます。約3 x 108の大腸菌または黄色ブドウ球菌粒子/mg(固体)および約2 x 107のザイモサン粒子/mg(固体)が存在します。BioParticles™コンジュゲートは、食作用アッセイで使用するために選択した緩衝液で再構成できます。細胞の表面に結合している(しかし内部に取り込まれていない)BioParticles™コンジュゲートの蛍光は、エチジウムブロマイド、トリパンブルー、または他のクエンチャーよって消光できます。細胞での用途に加えて、蛍光BioParticles™コンジュゲートは、細菌や酵母変異体を分類する際のフローサイトメトリーキャリブレーションリファレンスとして有効な場合があります。微小粒子は、サイズと形状が特徴的に異なるため、光散乱研究の参考になる可能性もあります。
While the bacteria have been attenuated with formaldehyde and alcohol desiccation, the BioParticles products are not considered sterile, and we do not recommend incubation of more than 4 hours. This applies to all of our dye-labeled (pHrodo, Alexa Fluor, etc.) and unlabeled BioParticles products.
What is the type of bond that attaches the dyes to the BioParticles probes?
We use amine-reactive dyes to covalently attach fluorescent dyes to all of our BioParticles probes such as the Escherichia coli (K-12 strain) BioParticles probes, Staphylococcus aureus (Wood strain without protein A) BioParticles, and the Zymosan A (S. cerevisiae) BioParticles probes.
What can the BioParticles product line be used for?
Fluorescent Bioparticles have been employed to study phagocytosis by fluorescence microscopy, quantitative spectrofluorometry, and flow cytometry. We offer E.Coli, S. aureus, and zymosan BioParticles conjugates covalently labeled with a variety of different fluorophores.
Expression of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5 in the macrophage late endosome regulates endosomal acidification.
Authors:Carrithers MD, Dib-Hajj S, Carrithers LM, Tokmoulina G, Pypaert M, Jonas EA, Waxman SG,
Journal:J Immunol
PubMed ID:17548620
'Voltage-gated sodium channels expressed on the plasma membrane activate rapidly in response to changes in membrane potential in cells with excitable membranes such as muscle and neurons. Macrophages also require rapid signaling mechanisms as the first line of defense against invasion by microorganisms. In this study, our goal was to ... More
Regulation of phagosome maturation by signals from toll-like receptors.
Authors:Blander JM, Medzhitov R
Journal:Science
PubMed ID:15143282
In higher metazoans, phagocytosis is essential in host defense against microbial pathogens and in clearance of apoptotic cells. Both microbial and apoptotic cells are delivered on a common route from phagosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we found that activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by bacteria, but ... More
Glutathione reductase facilitates host defense by sustaining phagocytic oxidative burst and promoting the development of neutrophil extracellular traps.
Authors:Yan J, Meng X, Wancket LM, Lintner K, Nelin LD, Chen B, Francis KP, Smith CV, Rogers LK, Liu Y,
Journal:J Immunol
PubMed ID:22279102
Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in the bactericidal function of phagocytes. Because Gsr has been implicated in the oxidative burst in human neutrophils and is abundantly expressed in the lymphoid system, we hypothesized that Gsr-deficient mice would exhibit marked ... More