細胞外蛍光を生じるもう1つの原因として、有機陰イオントランスポーターによるインジケーターの細胞外流出が挙げられます。プロベネシドは、輸送体を阻害し、ベースラインシグナルを低減するために一般的に使用されます。Fluo-4 NWカルシウムアッセイキットには、当社独自の合成水溶性プロベネシドが含まれています。この種類のプロベネシドはバッファーへの溶解が容易で、溶解に腐食性の1 M NaOHを必要とする遊離酸型プロベネシドと比較して安全に使用できます。Fluo-4 NWカルシウムアッセイキットは、マイクロプレートおよびHTS用に設計されており、接着性細胞および非接着性細胞のいずれのアッセイにも使用できます。
Cell death and autophagy under oxidative stress: roles of poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerases and Ca(2+).
Authors:Wyrsch P, Blenn C, Bader J, Althaus FR,
Journal:Mol Cell Biol
PubMed ID:22751932
On the cellular level, oxidative stress may cause various responses, including autophagy and cell death. All of these outcomes involve disturbed Ca(2+) signaling. Here we show that the nuclear enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2 control cytosolic Ca(2+) shifts from extracellular and intracellular sources associated with autophagy or cell ... More
The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus is a broad-spectrum modulator of chemokine receptor cell surface levels that acts independently of classical motifs for receptor endocytosis and Galphai signaling.
Authors:Michel N, Ganter K, Venzke S, Bitzegeio J, Fackler OT, Keppler OT
Journal:Mol Biol Cell
PubMed ID:16775006
'Chemokine receptors (CKRs) are important physiological mediators of immune defense, inflammatory responses, and angiogenesis, and they have also been implicated in a number of viral disease processes. Here, we report that the Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reduces cell surface levels of eight different members of the CC- ... More
Development and validation of a cell-based high-throughput screening assay for TRPM2 channel modulators.
Authors:Song Y, Buelow B, Perraud AL, Scharenberg AM,
Journal:J Biomol Screen
PubMed ID:18057180
'TRPM2 is a member of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)-related ion channel family. The activation of TRPM2 induced by oxidative/nitrosative stress leads to an increase in intracellular free Ca(2+). Although further progress in understanding TRPM2''s role in cell and organism physiology would be facilitated by isolation of compounds able ... More
Fc receptor-like 5 inhibits B cell activation via SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase recruitment.
Authors:Haga CL, Ehrhardt GR, Boohaker RJ, Davis RS, Cooper MD
Journal:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PubMed ID:17522256
'The Fc receptor-like protein 5 (FCRL5) on B cells has both an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-like sequence and two consensus immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic region. To evaluate its signaling potential, we expressed constructs for chimeric molecules composed of the cytoplasmic region of FCRL5 and the ... More
Pertussis toxin signals through the TCR to initiate cross-desensitization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4.
Authors:Schneider OD, Weiss AA, Miller WE,
Journal:J Immunol
PubMed ID:19380820
Pertussis toxin (PTx) has been shown to exert a variety of effects on immune cells independent of its ability to ADP-ribosylate G proteins. Of these effects, the binding subunit of PTx (PTxB) has been shown to block signaling via the chemokine receptor CCR5, but the mechanism involved in this process ... More