Sesame allergy can manifest symptoms ranging from oral food allergy syndrome presented by recurrent episodes of wheezing and dyspnea to atopic dermatitis and anaphylaxis (12).
Anaphylaxis and food allergy
Allergic manifestations in patients with sesame allergy found skin symptoms to be most common followed by gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms along with anaphylaxis in few patients (18, 19). However, among several nuts evaluated, sesame was found to produce allergic symptoms with the highest severity and more involvement of the lower respiratory tract or cardiovascular/neurological system (9). 2.8% of cases in Canada and 43% in Israel reported sesame induced anaphylaxis among the total cases of food-induced anaphylaxis (21). Anaphylactic symptoms were prominent in sesame allergic patients as seen from studies reporting 41% in Japan (19) and 61.7% in North America and Canada (22). Further, 5 cases of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (non-IgE mediated hypersensitivity) induced by sesame in children in Israel were reported, presented as acute repetitive vomiting, lethargy, and pallor (21).
Allergic rhinitis
A study conducted in the UK on 33 adult patients (16-81 years) who underwent sesame oral food challenge (OFC) reported allergic rhinitis in 48% of patients (23).
Asthma
Asthma was reported in 28.3% of sesame allergic children in Japan (19) while in 36% of UK adults who underwent OFC (23). It was also reported in 25.4% of patients with positive sesame OFC in Israel (18). Bronchospasm was reported in 2 cases of bakers and a young girl due to sesame seeds through inhalation route (20).
Atopic dermatitis
Li, Gunawardana (23) reported atopic dermatitis in 30% of patients in the UK study while Maruyama, Nakagawa (19) reported in 66.3% sesame allergic Japanese children. Atopic dermatitis was found to be positively associated with positive sesame OFC with 56.7% of patients affected having positive sesame OFC (18). Lignin like allergens, sesamol and sesamin in sesame oil has been identified to cause allergic contact dermatitis (20).
Other diseases
Contact urticaria was reported in one case to sesame by oral mucosal contact manifested as oral edema, erythema, and blood-tinged vesicles. Delayed hypersensitivity as contact dermatitis was also reported in a patient who received progesterone injection in sesame oil manifested as respiratory symptoms several days after receiving the injection (20).