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Recently, Zhou et al have identified a protein that can inhibit multinucleate Osteoclast formation in murine osteoblast and spleen cell co-cultures. This protein called, Osteoclast Inhibitory Lectin (OCIL) can also inhibit osteoclast formation in spleen cell cultures treated with RANKL and M-CSF. Furthermore, mOCIL acted directly on macrophage/monocyte cells as evidenced by its inhibitory action on adherent spleen cell cultures, which were depleted of stromal and lymphocytic cells. mOCIL completely inhibited osteoclast formation during the proliferative phase of osteoclast formation and resulted in 70% inhibition during the differentiation phase. Osteoblast OCIL mRNA expression was enhanced by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, interleukin-1 and IL-11, and retinoic acid. OCIL is expressed in osteoblasts and chondrocytes as well as in a variety of extraskeletal tissues. Since OCIL expression was found to be very similar to distribution for RANKL, it has been suggested that RANKl and OCIL may interact in skeleton and in extracellular tissues.
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