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Smad4 is encoded by the Smad4 gene that is located on chromosome 18 in humans. Smad4 is also known as Smad family member 4, Sma- and Mad-related protein 4 or Mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) homolog 4. Smad4 contains N-terminal MH1 (MAD homology 1) and C-terminal MH2 (MAD homology 2) globular domains that are involved in DNA binding and protein interactions respectively. Binding of the TGF-beta superfamily of ligands that includes Transforming Growth Factor -beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to its cognate receptor allows phosphorylation of Smad 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 (R-Smad, Receptor Smad). This signals for heterotrimerization with Smad4 (co-Smad, co-mediator Smad) and translocation of the complex to the nucleus. Inhibitory or antagonistic Smad (I-Smad) that includes Smad 6 and 7, interact with activated R-Smads and attenuate the signaling pathway. Smad4 acts as a tumor suppressor protein by transcriptionally regulating its target genes such as Cyclin D1 (downregulation) and collagen (upregulation) that inhibit cell proliferation. Dephosphorylation regulates nuclear export and nucleocytoplasmic dynamics of Smads.
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Protein Aliases: CG1775-PA; CG1775-PB; CG1775-PC; class II Smad; Deleted in Pancreatic Carcinoma 4 (DPC4); deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus 4; Deletion target in pancreatic carcinoma 4; Deletion target in pancreatic carcinoma 4 homolog; hSMAD4; LD22279p; lethal(3)SG36; lethal(3)SG70; MAD (mothers against decapentaplegic Drosophila) homolog 4; MAD homolog 4; MAD homolog 4 (MADH4); Med-PA; Med-PB; Med-PC; media; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (MADH4); mothers against decapentaplegic, Drosophila, homolog of, 4; mothers against DPP homolog 4; SMAD; SMAD 4; SMAD family member 4; SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 4
Gene Aliases: anon-EST:Posey121; AW743858; CG1775; D18Wsu70e; Dmel\CG1775; Dmel_CG1775; DPC4; dSmad4; E(zen)3; JIP; l(3)11m-254; l(3)12m-137; l(3)SG36; l(3)SG70; l(3)XIIm137; MADH4; MED; medea; MYHRS; SMAD4
UniProt ID: (Human) Q13485, (Mouse) P97471, (Rat) O70437
Entrez Gene ID: (Fruit fly) 43725, (Human) 4089, (Mouse) 17128, (Rat) 50554
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