Cholera Toxin Subunit B (Recombinant) Conjugate
Invitrogen™

Cholera Toxin Subunit B (Recombinant) Conjugate

Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B) conjugates bind with high affinity to GM1 ganglioside and support neuronal tracing, GM1 labeling, membrane trafficking, and membrane organization studies. Choose from Alexa Fluor™ 488, 555, 594, and 647 fluorescent conjugates, Biotin-XX, or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to match your detection workflow.
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Catalog NumberConjugateQuantity
C34777Alexa Fluor 594100 μg
C22841Alexa Fluor 488500 μg
C34776Alexa Fluor 555100 μg
C22843Alexa Fluor 555500 μg
C22842Alexa Fluor 594500 μg
C34778Alexa Fluor 647100 μg
C34779Biotin100 μg
C34780
also known as C-34780
HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase)100 μg
Catalog number C34777
Price (USD)
356.00
Each
Conjugate:
Alexa Fluor 594
Quantity:
100 μg
Price (USD)
356.00
Each

Recombinant cholera toxin B conjugates for GM1 labeling and neuronal tracing

Cholera toxin B subunit (CT-B) binds with high affinity to GM1 ganglioside on the cell surface and is widely used for neuronal tracing, GM1 labeling, endocytosis, and membrane trafficking studies. At neutral pH, CT-B forms a pentamer with multiple GM1-binding sites, enabling multivalent interactions with GM1-containing membranes.

These conjugates are made using recombinant cholera toxin B subunit without the enzymatically active A subunit of native cholera toxin.

Why use recombinant cholera toxin B conjugates?

  • Label GM1 ganglioside: Use the high-affinity interaction between CT-B and GM1 to visualize and detect GM1-associated membrane structures.
  • Trace neuronal projections: Use CT-B for well-established retrograde labeling of neuronal pathways.
  • Study membrane trafficking: Follow CT-B/GM1 internalization and retrograde trafficking through endosomal pathways.
  • Investigate membrane organization: Label GM1 and examine GM1-associated membrane domains in lipid raft-related studies.
  • Use recombinant B subunit: Study GM1 binding and trafficking with CT-B lacking the enzymatically active A subunit of native cholera toxin.
  • Choose multiple detection formats: Select fluorescent Alexa Fluor™ conjugates, Biotin-XX, or HRP to match fluorescence, affinity-based, or enzyme-based detection workflows.

Choose a CT-B conjugate for your detection workflow

Select from Alexa Fluor™ 488, 555, 594, and 647 CT-B conjugates for fluorescence imaging, Biotin-XX for avidin- or streptavidin-based detection, or HRP for enzyme-based detection.

Why choose from multiple conjugates?

  • Match your imaging system: Select an Alexa Fluor™ conjugate compatible with available excitation sources, emission filters, and detectors.
  • Support multicolor imaging: Choose spectrally distinct Alexa Fluor™ dyes for use with other fluorescent probes, antibodies, and cellular markers.
  • Enable affinity-based detection: Use Biotin-XX conjugates with avidin- or streptavidin-based detection workflows.
  • Enable enzyme-based detection: Use HRP conjugates for chromogenic or chemiluminescent detection workflows.
  • Use one GM1-binding probe across workflows: Apply recombinant CT-B with different labels while maintaining the same GM1-binding biological probe.

Applications of cholera toxin B conjugates

Cholera toxin B conjugates are versatile probes for neuronal tracing, GM1 ganglioside labeling, endocytosis, and membrane trafficking studies.

Use CT-B conjugates to:

  • Perform neuronal tracing, including widely used retrograde labeling of neuronal projections
  • Label GM1 ganglioside on cell membranes
  • Visualize GM1-associated membrane domains in lipid raft-related studies
  • Study CT-B/GM1 internalization and retrograde trafficking through endosomal pathways
  • Perform fluorescence imaging with Alexa Fluor™ 488, 555, 594, or 647 conjugates
  • Perform avidin- or streptavidin-based detection with Biotin-XX conjugates
  • Perform enzyme-based detection with HRP conjugates

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Specifications
Label TypeAlexa Fluor Dyes
Product LineAlexa Fluor
Protein FormRecombinant
Protein SubtypeCholera Toxin
Quantity100 μg
Shipping ConditionRoom Temperature
ConjugateAlexa Fluor 594
FormLyophilized
RecombinantRecombinant
Unit SizeEach
Contents & Storage
Store in freezer (-5 to -30°C) and protect from light.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

I injected a fluorescent tracer, but cannot detect it after tissue is fixed and sectioned. What am I doing wrong?

Confirm that the tracer you are using crosslinks to proteins or has a primary amine for fixation-either a hydrazide, lysine fixable dextran, or a protein conjugate.
Use aldehyde-based fixatives to cross link the amines on the tracer.
Inject a larger amount or higher concentration of the tracer. Tracers are generally injected at 1-20% concentrations (10 mg/mL or higher).
Confirm that you are using the correct fluorescent filter for detection. You can perform a spot test by pipetting a small amount of the undiluted stock solution of the tracer onto a slide, then view under the filter you are using on your microscope. This will confirm if the tracer fluorescence can be detected and the fluorescent microscope filter is working properly.
Review tissue fixation and handling procedures to confirm if any reagents or processing procedures could be affecting the tracer.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

Do you have a tracer that will only transport retrograde?

Wheat germ agglutinin and cholera toxin conjugates have been used for retrograde tracing. They may have some anterograde tracing in some applications. A selection guide can be found here (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/neuronal-tracing/protein-conjugates.html).

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

How do I know which tracer to choose for my experiment?

Factors to consider are size of tracer, method of delivery (injection, direct application to tissue, etc.), and if the tracer needs to be fixable. Here are some links to details about the various classes of neuronal tracers we offer and how to choose between them:

Neuronal Tracing (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/neuronal-tracing.html)
Choosing a Tracer (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/molecular-probes-the-handbook/fluorescent-tracers-of-cell-morphology-and-fluid-flow/choosing-a-tracer.html)
Imaging Analysis (http://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/BID/Reference-Materials/bioprobes-50-journal.pdf)

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

What products do you have for neuronal tracing?

Please check out this web page (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-tracing-tracking-and-morphology/neuronal-tracing.html) for details.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

Citations & References (56)

Citations & References
Abstract
Cocaine evokes projection-specific synaptic plasticity of lateral habenula neurons.
Authors:Maroteaux M, Mameli M,
Journal:J Neurosci
PubMed ID:22956853
Addictive drugs share the ability to increase dopamine (DA) levels and trigger synaptic adaptations in the mesocorticolimbic system, two cellular processes engaged in the early stages of drug seeking. Neurons located in the lateral habenula (LHb) modulate the activity of DA neurons and DA release, and adaptively tune goal-directed behaviors. ... More
Localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator to lipid rafts of epithelial cells is required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced cellular activation.
Authors:Kowalski MP, Pier GB
Journal:J Immunol
PubMed ID:14688350
'The cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is an epithelial cell receptor for the outer core oligosaccharide of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS. Bacterial binding leads to CFTR-dependent bacterial internalization, initiation of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, cellular desquamation, and eventual apoptosis of the infected cells, all of which are critical ... More
Chondrocytes utilize a cholesterol-dependent lipid translocator to externalize phosphatidylserine.
Authors:Damek-Poprawa M, Golub E, Otis L, Harrison G, Phillips C, Boesze-Battaglia K
Journal:Biochemistry
PubMed ID:16519527
'During endochondral ossification, growth plate chondrocytes release plasma membrane (PM) derived matrix vesicles (MV), which are the site of initial hydroxyapatite crystal formation. MV constituents which facilitate the mineralization process include the integral membrane ectoenzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (NPP1/PC-1), along with a phosphatidylserine- (PS-) rich membrane ... More
Inhibition of caveolar uptake, SV40 infection, and beta1-integrin signaling by a nonnatural glycosphingolipid stereoisomer.
Authors:Singh RD, Holicky EL, Cheng ZJ, Kim SY, Wheatley CL, Marks DL, Bittman R, Pagano RE
Journal:J Cell Biol
PubMed ID:17371832
'Caveolar endocytosis is an important mechanism for the uptake of certain pathogens and toxins and also plays a role in the internalization of some plasma membrane (PM) lipids and proteins. However, the regulation of caveolar endocytosis is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that caveolar endocytosis and beta1-integrin signaling are ... More
Plasticity of B cell receptor internalization upon conditional depletion of clathrin.
Authors:Stoddart A, Jackson AP, Brodsky FM
Journal:Mol Biol Cell
PubMed ID:15716350
'B cell antigen receptor (BCR) association with lipid rafts, the actin cytoskeleton, and clathrin-coated pits influences B cell signaling and antigen presentation. Although all three cellular structures have been separately implicated in BCR internalization, the relationship between them has not been clearly defined. In this study, internalization pathways were characterized ... More