Legionella are aerobic, motile, nutritionally fastidious, pleomorphic, gram-negative rods that require special growth factors in culture media to grow. Transmission occurs through aerosolization or aspiration of contaminated water, not person to person.

Legionellosis refers to two distinct clinical syndromes, Legionnaires’ disease, which most often presents as severe pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, which is an acute, febrile, self-limiting, viral-like illness. Over forty species of Legionella have been characterized, however Legionella pneumophila remains the most prevalent etiological agent of Legionnaires’ disease.

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