Electron microscopy

From microns to molecules and atoms: Image, characterize, and reveal new hidden structures

Electron microscopy can help you reveal and characterize hidden structures to push the boundaries of science and innovation. Electron microscopes are used for a variety of applications across scientific and industrial fields. They uncover the structure of specimens at the nanoscale, providing a link between composition, structure, and performance that can support both technological advances such as smaller and faster computers, chemical sensors, and high-performance materials as well as ground-breaking biological discoveries, targeted drug design, and much more.

What is electron microscopy?

Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to create an image of your specimen, helping you visualize structures from microns down to the molecular and atomic levels. Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) scan a focused beam of electrons across the surface of a specimen and capture the scattered electrons to reveal surface topography, contrast, and compositional information. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopes (FIB-SEMs) combine the capabilities of both a focused ion beam (FIB) system and a SEM in a single platform for both precise material modification and high-resolution imaging. Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) transmit a beam of electrons through a very thin specimen to image the internal structure of the specimen and fine details, such as atomic arrangements and crystal structures.

 

In materials research, electron microscopy is used to analyze the microstructure of metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. It helps in studying the morphology of surfaces and fractures, identifying and characterizing defects within materials, and investigating grain boundaries and interfaces.

 

In life sciences research, electron microscopy helps researchers study the structural organization of proteins and biomolecular complexes, cells, tissues, and whole organisms, providing detailed insights across scales that advance understanding of biological complexity, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery.

 

In semiconductor analysis, electron microscopy is essential for inspecting complex semiconductor devices and architectures. It enables analysis of the structure of transistors and other device components, as well as identification of defects and impurities within semiconductor materials.

How does an electron microscope work?

Learn about the basic structure and operation of an electron microscope, including information on key components such as the electron source, electromagnetic lenses, and electron detector.


How electron microscopy is used: Applications in science, medicine, and industry

Advancing materials science research with electron microscopy:

Innovating energy, transportation, and nanotechnology

Innovative materials are revolutionizing clean energy, transportation, healthcare, and manufacturing. Scientists use electron microscopy to develop stronger, lighter materials and advance nanotechnology. Thermo Fisher Scientific’s advanced workflows enhance imaging, analysis, and characterization, driving groundbreaking discoveries—including a Nobel Prize. Our expertise empowers researchers to accelerate innovation in materials science.

Life sciences research and drug discovery with electron microscopy:

Advancing cellular and structural biology innovations

Studying cells and their structures reveals disease mechanisms, genetic variations, and fundamental biological processes. Electron microscopy delivers high-resolution images of cells, tissues, organelles, and macromolecules. Using advanced techniques, researchers gain key insights, driving breakthroughs in medicine, genetics, and biotechnology. These discoveries aid new treatments, enhance diagnostics, and deepen understanding of human health.

Semiconductor manufacturing and analysis with electron microscopy:

Enhancing performance and innovation

The electronics market demands faster, smaller, and more efficient devices. Semiconductor makers must balance speed and performance, requiring advanced solutions for smaller geometries, new materials, and novel architectures. Traditional tools can't analyze these tiny features, making TEM-centric electron microscopy crucial for characterization, defect analysis, and process optimization in next-gen semiconductor manufacturing.


Electron microscopes and related instruments

Thermo Fisher Scientific supplies innovative instruments and advanced software for electron microscopy and microanalysis that take you from questions to usable data. They combine high-resolution imaging with physical, elemental, chemical, and electrical analysis across scales and modes—through a wide variety of sample types.

Find the right instrument for your work

Explore microscopes, sample preparation tools, software, and accessories to support research in biological research, materials characterization, semiconductor failure analysis, and quality control.


Get hands-on experience and expert support at our NanoPort Electron Microscopy Facilities worldwide

Investing in electron microscopy equipment is a significant decision, and ensuring the right fit for your research requires more than just whitepapers and datasheets. That’s why our NanoPort Facilities—centers of excellence located worldwide—offer hands-on access to cutting-edge electron microscopy technology. Whether you're new to EM or looking to stay ahead of the latest advancements, our expert-led workshops, live instrument demos with your own samples, and collaborative learning opportunities help you make informed decisions. Visit your nearest NanoPort Facility to experience the latest innovations in electron microscopy and optimize your research capabilities.


Electron microscopy resources and service

Funding for your electron microscopes

Whether you're new to electron microscopy or expanding existing capabilities, our funding support center offers proposal writing resources, funding opportunities, financial guidance, and technical materials to help you plan and strengthen your application.

Electron microscope service and support

Our worldwide electron microscope service teams deliver rapid, reliable support. From troubleshooting to preventative care, our experts ensure your systems run at peak performance.

SEM image gallery

Explore our electron microscopy image gallery, showcasing high-resolution images that highlight the precision and versatility of our SEM, TEM, and FIB-SEM instruments across materials science, life sciences, and semiconductor research.

Blog: Advancing Materials

Discover breakthroughs in spectroscopy, spectrometry, and materials science that drive research and product development. Explore advanced techniques and real-world applications to improve material characterization, manufacturing, and scientific innovation.

Electron microscopy learning center

Explore valuable electron microscopy resources for all skill levels, from novices to experts. The electron microscopy learning center offers educational materials for students, educators, and anyone eager to learn more about this powerful technology.

Explore Electron Microscopy Applications and Insights

 

Materials science learning center

 

Life sciences learning center

 

Semiconductor learning center

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.