PTPRA Proteins

Protein Information

Phosphorylation of receptors by protein kinases is a process that can be reversed by a group of enzymes called protein phosphatases. Coordinated control of kinases and phosphatases provides the cell with the capacity to rapidly switch between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated protein states in dynamic response to environmental stimuli. Activation of critical enzymes by kinase phosphorylation alone is not enough to provide adequate regulation - it is the combination with phosphatase dephosphorylation that effectively creates on/off switches to control cellular events. Errors in control, either through kinases or their counterpart phosphatases, can lead to unchecked cell growth attributable to human cancers and developmental disorders. Potential mechanisms to control dephosphorylation include changes in the expression of protein phosphatases, their subcellular localization, phosphorylation of phosphatase catalytic and regulatory subunits and regulation by endogenous phosphatase inhibitors. Most protein phosphatases are not stringently specific for their substrates. Consequently, changes in phosphatase activity may have a broad impact on dephosphorylation and turnover of phosphoproteins that are substrates for different kinases. This may be an important point of control to connect cellular circuitry of interrelated signaling pathways, and to synchronize physiological responses.

Synonyms

HEPTP; HLPR; Hptp alpha; HPTPA; HPTPalpha; LCA-related phosphatase; Leukocyte common antigen-related peptide (protein tyrosine phosphate); Lrp; protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha; protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type A; protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, A; protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, alpha polypeptide; protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha; PTP alpha; Ptpa; Ptpalpha; PTPase-alpha; PTPLCA-related phosphatase; PTPRA; PTPRL2; PTPTY-28; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha; RPTP alpha; RPTPA; Rptpalpha; R-PTP-alpha; Rptra; Rptralpha; tyrosine phosphatase alpha