Human IL-1 beta Recombinant Protein

Product Specific Information

Mature human IL-1b was expressed in Pichia pastoris, KM71H. GenBank Accession # P01584, amino acids 117 - 269. For protein verification, the expressed protein was N-terminal sequenced and begins with the following 10 amino acids: APVRSLNCTL. Purity is >95% by SDS-PAGE analyses.

Activity: The biological activity typically falls below 83.3 pg/mL in proliferation assays of mouse D10S cells.

Use: For in vitro applications. A dose-response assay should be performed to determine the optimal concentration for specific experiments.

Reconstitution and Dilution: Store lyophilized material at 4°C. Reconstitute in 0.5 mL of distilled or deionized water. Dilute in a buffer-containing carrier protein, aliquot, and store at or below -70°C, avoiding multiple freeze-thaw cycles. PBS with 1% BSA or a neutral media containing <10% FCS are suitable buffers.

Target Information

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta is synthesized in response to inflammatory stimuli as a 31 kDa inactive pro-form that accumulates in the cytosol. Cleavage of pro-IL-1 beta into the active 17 kDa protein requires the activation of inflammasomes, which are multi-protein complexes that respond to pathogens, stress conditions, and other danger signals. Inflammasome activation triggers the processing of the caspase-1 precursor into its active form, which in turn cleaves pro-IL-1 beta. IL-1 beta lacks a signal sequence peptide for classical ER/Golgi pathway and is secreted alongside caspase-1 via an alternate and incompletely understood mechanism. Although IL-1 beta is most often secreted in its active form, secretion of the uncleaved protein may be detectable under some biological conditions. IL-1 beta signals through two receptors, IL-1RI and IL-1RII, both of which are shared with IL-1 alpha. IL-1 beta activity can be moderated by IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), a protein produced by many cell types that blocks receptor binding through competitive inhibition. IL-1 beta play an important role in innate host defense by triggering the production of other proinflammatory cytokines in target cells and initiating acute-phase responses to infection and injury. Elevated levels of IL-1 beta have been associated with many chronic inflammatory conditions IL-1 beta neutralizing antibodies potential therapeutic value.