Search Thermo Fisher Scientific
Search Thermo Fisher Scientific
Cancer has ingenious anti-detection systems and can be difficult to detect. Solid tumor cancers (breast, colon, bladder, prostate, and lung) are capable of releasing chemicals that are detectable in body fluids. For example, prostate cancer may cause elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, in the blood-stream.
Solid tumors are heterotypic aggregates of many cell types, including cancer cells, cancer stem cells, connective-tissue cells, and immune cells. All of these cells can communicate with one another via specific junctions (tight and gap junction) that maintain and regulate a perfect tumor microenvironment. Several scientific studies have shown that these different genetically designed tumors with acquired resistance could control complex cell-to-cell interactions and aberrant signaling pathways leading to genome instability.
Tumor heterogeneity indicates a poor life survival prognosis. One way of categorizing solid tumors is as follows:
In cell physiology, malignant tumors, mainly of monoclonal origin, manifest six essential alterations: growth signals, intensification of anti-growth signals, cell and tissue apoptosis or necrosis, limitless replicative and proliferative potential, prolonged angiogenesis, and organ/tissue invasion followed by metastasis. The tumor's microenvironment interaction with genetics, local nutrient supply, and other organismal factors add further stochasticity.
Here is a more in-depth classification of solid malignant tumors according to the type of cell they begin to develop in:
Strict monitoring of pre-malignant tumors is important because they have the potential to change into a cancerous tumor. A consequence of the pre-malignant initiation is the production of higher quantities of matrix remodeling proteases and the release of pro-angiogenic, proliferation, and survival factors within the tumor’s microenvironment.
Benign tumors are a normal, controlled category of non-cancerous solid tumor that can form anywhere in the body. They have almost the same cellular features as the malignant ones, but they do not have the ability to travel elsewhere in the body to form metastatic sites. Even so, a benign tumor can produce damage if it compresses nearby tissue, vital organs, or blood circulation. In rare cases, such as adenoma or colon polyps, this kind of tumor has the capacity to transition to a malignant state.
Benign tumors can be classified by:
Breast cancer is part of a broad cancer family classification called carcinomas. The most diagnosed breast malignancy (more than 80%) is invasive ductal carcinoma. This type of solid tumor is the leading cause of cancer mortality in female populations.
Invasive ductal carcinoma infiltrates into the walls of the mammary glands or within the system of ducts where they originated and started to over-proliferate surrounding breast tissue.
Breast cancer progression reaches its highest potential by changing the behavior of non-malignant constituents by:
All the above-altered features contribute to invasive tumor progression and the creation of a sturdy wall. This process makes detecting malignant tumor presence difficult for the immune system.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Breast cfDNA Assay v2 is part of a complete solution to detect breast tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine BRCA Research Assay uniquely empowers laboratories to detect all classes of mutations in one NGS workflow, removing the need to employ multiple technologies.
Designed to cover the entire genome as well as known cancer drivers, this assay is part of a comprehensive workflow that enables the generation of in-depth copy number data from as little as 80 ng of DNA per sample.
Designed to cover the entire genome as well as known cancer drivers, this assay is part of a comprehensive workflow that enables the generation of in-depth copy number and somatic mutation data from as little as 80 ng of DNA per sample.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
The most commonly diagnosed type of lung cancer is carcinoma. There are many types of carcinoma-derived lung cancers, but the significant types are classified as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC and NSCLC are the second cancer leaders. In comparison to NSCLC, SCLC can proliferate and form solid tumor masses more rapidly. In contrast with this highly proliferative potential, SCLC is known to be less aggressive than non-small lung malignancies.
NSCLC is the most prevalent tumor type and is responsible for nearly 85% of lung cancers. The primary tumor types derived from NSCLC are:
In the US, NSCLC-derived adenocarcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed type of lung cancer.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Lung cfTNA Research Assay is part of a complete solution to detect lung tumor-derived cell-free DNA and RNA (cell-free total nucleic acid; cfTNA) isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Lung cfDNA Assay is part of a complete research solution to detect lung tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) in cfDNA.
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Except for skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most widespread malignancy in male populations. Prostate malignancies is the fifth leading cause of mortality. The prostate is described as a small walnut-sized gland responsible for seminal fluid synthesis and sperm transportation.
Cancerous prostate cells can spread anywhere in the body. However, most cases of prostate cancer metastasis occur in the lymph nodes and the bones.
The most conventional type of prostate cancer is adenocarcinoma (95% of all prostate malignancies). Rare prostate cancers, less than 0.1% of all primary prostate cancer cases, are sarcoma tumors, prostate small cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and prostate squamous cell carcinoma.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine BRCA Research Assay uniquely empowers laboratories to detect all classes of mutations in one NGS workflow, removing the need to employ multiple technologies.
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
Colon cancer is the third leading source of mortality in the U.S. Colon cancer is a type of malignant tumor of the large intestine, which may affect the colon or rectum; that is why this type of cancer is called colorectal cancer (CRC) or carcinoma of the colon or rectum. CRC can be categorized as random (>70%), genetic alteration during lifetime (>5%), and hereditary (>25%) carcinomas.
Ion AmpliSeq Methylation Panel for Cancer Research analyzes relevant targets using the bisulfite method for identifying specific methylation patterns within a DNA or FFPE DNA sample.
The Ion AmpliSeq Microsatellite Instability Research Panel contains a single primer pool that amplifies a total of 76 amplicons to assess the MSI status from DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cancer tissue sections.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Colon cfDNA Assay is part of a complete solution to detect colon (or other related gastro-intestinal) tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
Skin cancer is another tumor type classified as carcinoma. Skin-related carcinoma can be described by using three major tumor types:
Other rare types of skin cancer include: Merkel cell carcinoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
The most frequent and aggressive types of brain tumors are:
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Childhood Cancer Research Assay is a unique, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based tool designed for comprehensive genomic profiling of cancers affecting children and young adults.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Breast cancer is part of a broad cancer family classification called carcinomas. The most diagnosed breast malignancy (more than 80%) is invasive ductal carcinoma. This type of solid tumor is the leading cause of cancer mortality in female populations.
Invasive ductal carcinoma infiltrates into the walls of the mammary glands or within the system of ducts where they originated and started to over-proliferate surrounding breast tissue.
Breast cancer progression reaches its highest potential by changing the behavior of non-malignant constituents by:
All the above-altered features contribute to invasive tumor progression and the creation of a sturdy wall. This process makes detecting malignant tumor presence difficult for the immune system.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Breast cfDNA Assay v2 is part of a complete solution to detect breast tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine BRCA Research Assay uniquely empowers laboratories to detect all classes of mutations in one NGS workflow, removing the need to employ multiple technologies.
Designed to cover the entire genome as well as known cancer drivers, this assay is part of a comprehensive workflow that enables the generation of in-depth copy number data from as little as 80 ng of DNA per sample.
Designed to cover the entire genome as well as known cancer drivers, this assay is part of a comprehensive workflow that enables the generation of in-depth copy number and somatic mutation data from as little as 80 ng of DNA per sample.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
The most commonly diagnosed type of lung cancer is carcinoma. There are many types of carcinoma-derived lung cancers, but the significant types are classified as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC and NSCLC are the second cancer leaders. In comparison to NSCLC, SCLC can proliferate and form solid tumor masses more rapidly. In contrast with this highly proliferative potential, SCLC is known to be less aggressive than non-small lung malignancies.
NSCLC is the most prevalent tumor type and is responsible for nearly 85% of lung cancers. The primary tumor types derived from NSCLC are:
In the US, NSCLC-derived adenocarcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed type of lung cancer.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Lung cfTNA Research Assay is part of a complete solution to detect lung tumor-derived cell-free DNA and RNA (cell-free total nucleic acid; cfTNA) isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Lung cfDNA Assay is part of a complete research solution to detect lung tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) in cfDNA.
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Except for skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most widespread malignancy in male populations. Prostate malignancies is the fifth leading cause of mortality. The prostate is described as a small walnut-sized gland responsible for seminal fluid synthesis and sperm transportation.
Cancerous prostate cells can spread anywhere in the body. However, most cases of prostate cancer metastasis occur in the lymph nodes and the bones.
The most conventional type of prostate cancer is adenocarcinoma (95% of all prostate malignancies). Rare prostate cancers, less than 0.1% of all primary prostate cancer cases, are sarcoma tumors, prostate small cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and prostate squamous cell carcinoma.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine BRCA Research Assay uniquely empowers laboratories to detect all classes of mutations in one NGS workflow, removing the need to employ multiple technologies.
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
Colon cancer is the third leading source of mortality in the U.S. Colon cancer is a type of malignant tumor of the large intestine, which may affect the colon or rectum; that is why this type of cancer is called colorectal cancer (CRC) or carcinoma of the colon or rectum. CRC can be categorized as random (>70%), genetic alteration during lifetime (>5%), and hereditary (>25%) carcinomas.
Ion AmpliSeq Methylation Panel for Cancer Research analyzes relevant targets using the bisulfite method for identifying specific methylation patterns within a DNA or FFPE DNA sample.
The Ion AmpliSeq Microsatellite Instability Research Panel contains a single primer pool that amplifies a total of 76 amplicons to assess the MSI status from DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cancer tissue sections.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
The Oncomine Colon cfDNA Assay is part of a complete solution to detect colon (or other related gastro-intestinal) tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
Skin cancer is another tumor type classified as carcinoma. Skin-related carcinoma can be described by using three major tumor types:
Other rare types of skin cancer include: Merkel cell carcinoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free Assay is part of a complete solution to detect multiple targets in tumor-derived DNA and RNA isolated from the plasma fraction of whole blood.
A solid tumor next-generation sequencing assay for biomarker analysis.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
Focused, pre-designed cancer panels relevant for clinical cancer research that allow users to customize content.
The most frequent and aggressive types of brain tumors are:
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load Assay is a robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed for tumor profiling.
This pan-cancer gene expression assay is designed to interrogate the tumor microenvironment to enable mechanistic studies and identification of predictive biomarkers.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-LR Assay is designed to measure T cell diversity and clonal expansion by sequencing T cell receptor beta chain rearrangements.
The Oncomine TCR Beta-SR Assays are robust, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays designed to accurately identify and measure the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.
The Ion Torrent Oncomine Childhood Cancer Research Assay is a unique, next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based tool designed for comprehensive genomic profiling of cancers affecting children and young adults.
The Oncomine Comprehensive Assay Plus and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 are members of the family of Oncomine assays for cancer research.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.